Perceived Value of a Pharmacy Resident Teaching Certificate Program

Objective

To determine the value of completing a pharmacy resident teaching certificate program on graduates'' current positions of employment.

Design

Annually from 2003 to 2007, program graduates of the Indiana Pharmacy Teaching Certificate (IPTeC) program were invited to take a 13-question Web-based survey 1 year after completing the program.

Assessment

Fifty-three of the 62 graduates (85%) surveyed responded. Almost half of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that having completed the IPTeC program helped them obtain their current position. More than 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the seminar participation and teaching experience from the IPTeC program helped them in their current position. About 80% of respondents would recommend the program to others.

Conclusion

Completing a pharmacy resident teaching certificate program helped some graduates obtain and excel in their current position.     

Impact and Application of Material Learned in a Pharmacy Residency Teaching Certificate Program

Objective. To describe the impact and application of material learned in a pharmacy resident teaching certificate program on the career experiences of alumni 1 to 11 years after completion of the program.Design. A teaching certificate program was established in 2001 that brought together residents from various training programs throughout Wisconsin to discuss essential educational skills in a dynamic learning environment. The purpose of the program was to teach participants the fundamental skills to continue to develop as a pharmacy educator throughout their career.Assessment. An electronic survey instrument was sent to alumni of the program. Greater than 70% of respondents agreed that the teaching certificate program reinforced their desire to teach in practice and that the program helped qualify them for their current or previous practice position. Alumni in academic positions more strongly agreed that the program changed their career interest to include academia and qualified them for their position in academia.Conclusions. A teaching certificate program can reinforce or stimulate interest among pharmacy residents in pursuing an academic career and prepare them for this role. Completion of the program led to a high level of confidence among the majority of alumni in their ability to precept students and residents and influenced some alumni involved in the hiring of pharmacists.     

Redesign of a Statewide Teaching Certificate Program for Pharmacy Residents

Objectives. To identify and assess changes made to the Indiana Pharmacy Resident Teaching Certificate program over 10 years to adapt to the growing number and changing needs of pharmacy educators in the next generation.Design. In 2011, all resident program participants and directors were sent an electronic survey instrument designed to assess the perceived value of each program component.Assessment. Since 2003, the number of program participants has tripled, and the program has expanded to include additional core requirements and continuing education. Participants generally agreed that the speakers, seminar topics, seminar video recordings, and seminar offerings during the fall semester were program strengths. The program redesign included availability of online registration; a 2-day conference format; retention of those seminars perceived to be most important, according to survey results; implementation of a registration fee; electronic teaching portfolio submission; and establishment of teaching mentors.Conclusion. With the growing number of residents and residency programs, pharmacy teaching certificate programs must accommodate more participants while continuing to provide quality instruction, faculty mentorship, and opportunities for classroom presentations and student precepting. The Indiana Pharmacy Resident Teaching Certificate program has successfully evolved over the last 10 years to meet these challenges by implementing successful programmatic changes in response to residency program director and past program participant feedback.     

An Academician Preparation Program for Pharmacy Residents

Objective. To assess the evolution and effectiveness of the Academician Preparation Program to provide knowledge and skills in teaching and evaluating to pharmacy residents, as well as generate interest in academic careers.Design. Participants attended seminars and participated in additional teaching, precepting, facilitating, and evaluating activities. Residents maintained a teaching portfolio and met with a faculty mentor quarterly to review their progress toward completion of the requirements for the Academician Preparation Program certificate.Assessment. Since the program was first offered in 2005, it has expanded to 7 sites throughout the state. As of June 2012, 155 residents had completed the program and 20 (13%) had accepted full-time academic positions. Many others were serving as adjunct faculty members or preceptors. The majority of those enrolled in pharmacy residencies completed the program.Conclusion. An optional, organized academic preparation program was of interest to residents, fostered academic careers, and helped meet residency accreditation guidelines.     

Incorporating an Immunization Certificate Program into the Pharmacy Curriculum

Objective

To describe the method of incorporating an immunization certificate training program, such as the American Pharmacists Association''s (APhA) Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery into a pharmacy curriculum.

Design

The program was delivered over 3 weeks in the spring semester of the third professional year (P3) as part of a required Pharmacy Care Lab sequence.

Assessment

Student response surveys and faculty input were used to evaluate the placement of the program in the curriculum.

Conclusion

Optional comments yielded more than 44% of students providing positive open-ended feedback regarding the course while almost 10% felt the course should not be mandated in the curriculum.     

A Self‐Assessment Guide for Resident Teaching Experiences

The 2015 American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Educational Affairs Committee was charged with developing a self‐assessment guide for residency programs to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the outcomes of resident teaching curricula. After extensively reviewing the literature, the committee developed assessment rubrics modeled after the 2013 ACCP white paper titled “Guidelines for Resident Teaching Experiences” and the revised American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) 2014 accreditation standards for PGY1 residencies, which place greater emphasis on the teaching and learning curriculum (TLC) than the previous accreditation standards. The self‐assessment guide developed by the present committee can serve as an assessment tool for both basic and expanded TLCs. It provides the criteria for program goals, mentoring, directed readings with topic discussions, teaching experiences, and assessment methodology. For an expanded TLC, the committee has provided additional guidance on developing a teaching philosophy, becoming involved in interactive seminars, expanding teaching experiences, developing courses, and serving on academic committees. All the guidelines listed in the present paper use the measures “not present,” “developing,” and “well developed” so that residency program directors can self‐assess along the continuum and identify areas of excellence and areas for improvement. Residency program directors should consider using this new assessment tool to measure program quality and outcomes of residency teaching experiences. Results of the assessment will help residency programs focus on areas within the TLC that will potentially benefit from additional attention and possible modification.     

药事管理学教学中应用案例教学法的几点体会

目的探讨在药事管理学教学过程中,启发学生的创新思维和能动性的有效途径。方法从案例库的建立、案例教学法的优势、案例教学法的应用及需注意的问题几方面进行分析,阐述了案例教学法在药事管理学教学中的几点体会。结果与结论在药事管理学教学中,案例教学法是很重要的一种教学方法。     

Comparison of Learning Styles of Pharmacy Students and Faculty Members

Objectives. To compare dominant learning styles of pharmacy students and faculty members and between faculty members in different tracks.Methods. Gregorc Style Delineator (GSD) and Zubin’s Pharmacists’ Inventory of Learning Styles (PILS) were administered to students and faculty members at an urban, Midwestern college of pharmacy.Results. Based on responses from 299 students (classes of 2008, 2009, and 2010) and 59 faculty members, GSD styles were concrete sequential (48%), abstract sequential (18%), abstract random (13%), concrete random (13%), and multimodal (8%). With PILS, dominant styles were assimilator (47%) and converger (30%). There were no significant differences between faculty members and student learning styles nor across pharmacy student class years (p>0.05). Learning styles differed between men and women across both instruments (p<0.01), and between faculty members in tenure and clinical tracks for the GSD styles (p=0.01).Conclusion. Learning styles differed among respondents based on gender and faculty track.     

完善中药房管理模式的探讨

探讨新形势下改进我院中药房管理模式的方法。通过总结我院现有中药房管理模式的不足，提出合理化建议。     

Entry Characteristics and Academic Performance of Students in a Master of Pharmacy Degree Program in the United Kingdom

Objective. To evaluate the characteristics of a cohort of master of pharmacy (MPharm) students upon entry into the program and examine associations between entry qualifications, type of secondary school attended, socioeconomic status, age, and academic performance in the MPharm program.Methods. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of student data for graduates of the Aston University MPharm program during the 5-year period 2005-2006 through 2009-2010 (n=644).Results. MPharm entrants were disproportionately drawn from socioeconomically deprived areas and independent (private) schools. Achievement prior to admission was related to the type of school attended but not to socioeconomic status. Performance in the program was not related to type of school or socioeconomic status but was strongly correlated with prior academic achievement.Conclusions. Prior academic achievement was the most important predictor of performance in the MPharm program; however, the superior prior achievement of students who attended independent secondary schools was not seen at the point of graduation. These findings may have implications for admissions policies.     

临床药学专业实践教学改革的探索

开展临床药学专业实践教学改革，主要是改革沿袭传统的教学模式；解决学生学习过程中理论脱离实际，动手能力差的问题；解决当前药学教育过程中产、学、研脱节问题；使各门药学专业课程有机结合起来，全面提高教学质量。改进实践教学内容，减少验证性实验，加大创新性、综合性实验，提高实践教学与生产实际的结合以及实验课的科研含量，培养学生解决问题和科研设计能力。     

Assessment of Communications-related Admissions Criteria in a Three-year Pharmacy Program

Objective. To determine if there is a correlation between TOEFL and other admissions criteria that assess communications skills (ie, PCAT variables: verbal, reading, essay, and composite), interview, and observational scores and to evaluate TOEFL and these admissions criteria as predictors of academic performance.Methods. Statistical analyses included two sample t tests, multiple regression and Pearson’s correlations for parametric variables, and Mann-Whitney U for nonparametric variables, which were conducted on the retrospective data of 162 students, 57 of whom were foreign-born.Results. The multiple regression model of the other admissions criteria on TOEFL was significant. There was no significant correlation between TOEFL scores and academic performance. However, significant correlations were found between the other admissions criteria and academic performance.Conclusion. Since TOEFL is not a significant predictor of either communication skills or academic success of foreign-born PharmD students in the program, it may be eliminated as an admissions criterion.     

案例教学法在药事管理学教学中的应用探讨

本文从教学案例的选择整理、案例教学法的实施等几个方面探讨了案例教学法在药事管理学教学中的应用。     

情景式教学法在药事管理学教学中的运用探讨

目的培养学生药事管理学知识的运用能力。方法采用实例讲述情景式教学法在药事管理学教学中的具体运用。结果与结论在药事管理学的教学中,运用情景式教学方法,能在很大程度上提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,提高学生的知识运用能力,但在运用过程中还有一些问题需要注意。     

Development of a Pharmacy Residency Research Certificate Program

Background: Similar to teaching certificate programs, which have been incorporated in many pharmacy residencies to improve teaching skills, resident research certificate programs could provide residents with more exposure to biostatistics and research design. However, few research certificate programs have been described. Objective: To assess the impact of a research certificate program on residents’ attitude toward, confidence in, and knowledge of research. Methods: A resident research certificate program was created for the 2018-2019 residency class at our institution, which included 33 pharmacy residents (15 postgraduate year-1 [PGY1] and 18 PGY2 residents). The program consisted of 7 sessions aimed at providing residents with research training. To earn a certificate, participants were required to attend 6 or more sessions and achieve a score greater than or equal to 70% on a postassessment. An optional questionnaire assessing attitude, confidence, and knowledge was also administered at baseline and following the certificate program. Results: Of the 33 residents participating in the research certificate program, 21 (9 PGY1 and 12 PGY2) residents completed both the baseline and follow-up questionnaire and were included in the analysis. All items assessing attitude and 3 of 6 items assessing confidence improved significantly following the certificate program when compared to baseline (P < .05 for all). Median knowledge scores were no different on the baseline versus follow-up questionnaire (P = .54). Conclusions: After completing a research certificate program, resident knowledge scores did not differ from baseline, but attitudes toward research and confidence appeared to improve. Research certificate programs could be an avenue for providing pharmacy residents with increased exposure to and comfort with biostatistics and research design.     

社区居民药学服务需求调查与分析

目的：调查社区居民的药学知识情况和药学服务需求,探索社区药学服务的开展方法。方法：选择在万寿路社区卫生服务中心就诊的居民及在万寿路辖区内居住的居民,共计对806名居民进行了问卷调查。结果：本辖区66.2%的居民参与基本医疗保险和工伤保险; 86.43%居民家中的常用药物来源于医院,64.33%居民就医首选三级医院;有56.10%的居民对药品不良反应“大概了解”;有52.13%的居民认为社区药学服务非常重要;窗口咨询是最受居民欢迎的药学服务形式。结论：社区居民迫切需要药学服务,社区药师应转变服务观念,提高药学服务能力,开展多种形式的药学服务模式,提高社区居民的合理使用药品水平。     

北京大学临床药学专业的互动教学

为提高临床药学教学水平,本文介绍了问题式教学法、医嘱分析法和模拟教学法三种互动教学法,并对每一种互动教学法进行举例说明.新的互动教学方法,有利于启发学生思维,调动学生主动学习的积极性,提高学生自学能力,培养学生的临床思维,激发学生参与临床实践的热情及提高实际工作能力.     

药事管理学双语教学的实践与思考

在经济全球化的大环境下,“双语教学”是我国高等教育与国际接轨的必然趋势,也是当前教学改革的热点和重点之一。通过介绍药事管理学双语教学的实践过程,分析存在的实际问题,并对如何提高“双语教学”的效果提出建议,为双语教学模式的稳步发展提供了参考。