生长抑素一级结构的电喷雾质谱分析

目的生长抑素的分子量及其一级结构的测定。方法应用电喷雾质谱法(ESI-MS)测定了环肽药物生长抑素的分子量,用2-巯基乙醇将生长抑素的双硫键还原,再用源内碰撞诱导解离技术进行测定,根据其典型碎片离子确证其氨基酸序列。结果测得生长抑素准分子离子峰［M+H］⁺ m/z 1 637.8, ［M+Na］⁺ m/z 1 659.5及［M+2Na-H］⁺ m/z 1 681.5,［M+2H］²⁺ m/z 819.5及［M+H+Na］²⁺ m/z 830.3,表明生长抑素的分子量为1 636.7,与理论值一致。将双硫键还原后,用CID技术进行测定,得到了一系列y和b系列的特征碎片离子,证实生长抑素还原产物的氨基酸序列为A-G-C-K-N-F-F-W-K-T-F-T-S-C。结论用ESI-MS法测得的生长抑素的分子量及一级结构与理论值相符。     

HPLC-MS(TOF)法测定人血浆中多奈哌齐的浓度

目的建立测定人血浆中多奈哌齐的HPLC-MS(TOF)法。方法血浆中加入内标氯雷他定后经碱化以异丙醇-正己烷(3∶97)提取血浆样品,用LC/MS(TOF)联用技术,以电喷雾(ESI)作为接口技术,选择多奈哌齐的准分子离子(［M+H］⁺,m/z 380)和内标氯雷他定的准分子离子(［M+H］⁺,m/z 383)作为测定离子,测定人血浆中多奈哌齐的浓度。结果多奈哌齐的回归方程:As/Ai=0.0137+0.1056C,r=0.9998;线性范围为0.1～15 μg·L^-1,定量限为0.1 μg·L^-1,方法回收率和提取回收率均大于90%。结论该测定方法灵敏度高、专属性好、快速,可满足人体内药代动力学研究要求。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中黄芩苷和绿原酸

建立UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中黄芩苷和绿原酸的浓度，研究注射用银黄在健康人体的药代动力学。色谱柱为BEH C₁₈(50 mm×2.1 mm ID，1.7 μm)；流动相：A(水，0.1%甲酸)，B(甲醇，0.1%甲酸)，梯度洗脱；流速：0.35 mL·min^-1。电喷雾离子源，多反应监测。黄芩苷：［M+H］⁺，m/z 447→271；绿原酸：［M-H］^-，m/z 353→191；山柰素：［M+H］⁺，m/z 287→287。结果表明，黄芩苷和绿原酸血药浓度的线性范围分别为9.6～1 540和7.5～1 200 ng·mL^-1，日内、日间精密度均小于10.2%。志愿者静脉滴注注射用银黄后，黄芩苷和绿原酸的药时曲线分别符合二房室和三房室模型。该法简便、灵敏、特异，适用于血浆中黄芩苷和绿原酸浓度的测定。     

FAB-MS/MS法研究4(20)-双键5/7/6型紫杉烷类二萜化合物的质谱裂解特征

目的　研究4(20)-双键5/7/6型紫杉烷类二萜化合物的质谱裂解特征,以及取代基种类及位置对质谱裂解的影响,探讨该类化合物的质谱裂解规律。方法　利用FAB技术测定该类型3种化合物的［M+H］⁺和［M+Na］⁺等不同加合离子,以及由其产生的特征碎片离子的CID-MS/MS谱,并对有关特征离子进行了高分辨测定。结果　C-10位为BzO取代的化合物1和2主要以［M+Na］⁺离子形式存在,该离子主要进行失去HOBz的裂解反应,而C-10位为OH基的化合物3主要以［M+H］⁺离子形式存在,该离子以失去1个和2个H₂O的裂解反应为主导。另外,化合物1和3最终裂解产生m/z 237离子,而化合物2产生m/z 253离子。结论　MS/MS技术可以有效地进行结构差异甚微的相关化合物的结构解析。     

HPLC/MS法研究左旋黄皮酰胺及其代谢物在Beagle犬血浆中的药代动力学HPLC/MS法研究左旋黄皮酰胺及其代谢物在Beagle犬血浆中的药代动力学

目的用HPLC/MS法研究左旋黄皮酰胺［(-)-clau］及其代谢物6-羟基-黄皮酰胺(6-OH-clau)在Beagle犬血浆中的药代动力学过程。方法Beagle犬灌胃左旋黄皮酰胺30 mg·kg^-1，采集静脉血样，血浆经乙酸乙酯萃取分离后，用HPLC/MS选择性正离子检测内标(格列吡嗪，［M+H］⁺，m/z 446)法测定左旋黄皮酰胺(［M+H］⁺，m/z 298)及6-羟基-黄皮酰胺(［M+H-H₂O］⁺，m/z 296)的浓度，以甲醇-水-冰醋酸(60∶40∶0.8)为流动相，流速1.0 mL·min^-1。用3P97软件计算药代动力学参数。结果左旋黄皮酰胺和6-羟基-黄皮酰胺分别在1.0～200 ng·mL^-1和0.2～40.0 ng·mL^-1线性关系良好(r>0.999)，萃取回收率均大于85%。原药及其代谢物的体内过程均符合二室模型；左旋黄皮酰胺及6-羟基-黄皮酰胺的C_max分别为(21±10) ng·mL^-1和(3.9±2.2) ng·mL^-1；T_max分别为(0.8±0.5) h和(1.3±0.5) h；T_1/2α分别为(0.9±0.6) h和(1.4±0.6) h；T_1/2β分别为(19±23) h和(13±12) h；AUC_{0-24 h}分别为(69±14) h·ng·mL^-1和(12±7) h·ng·mL^-1。结论Beagle犬灌胃左旋黄皮酰胺后迅速吸收，血药浓度一相消除很快，但末端消除较慢；其代谢物6-羟基-黄皮酰胺血药浓度经时过程与左旋黄皮酰胺相似，但血药浓度相对较小。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定血浆中伊伐布雷定及其活性代谢产物的含量

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中伊伐布雷定及其活性代谢产物(N-去甲伊伐布雷定)的含量。方法 选用Waters Acquity BEH C₁₈(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱;流速为0.4 mL·min^-1;电喷雾离子源,多反应监测。伊伐布雷定：[M+H]⁺,m/z 469.3→177.2,N-去甲伊伐布雷定：[M+H]⁺,m/z 455.2→262.2,卡马西平：[M+H]⁺,m/z 237.1→194.2。结果 伊伐布雷定线性范围为0.2~100 ng·mL^-1(r=0.998 1),N-去甲伊伐布雷定线性范围为0.05~25 ng·mL^-1(r=0.993 1);两者日间、日内精密度均<15%,方法回收率>90%,稳定性较好。结论 该方法快速、灵敏、重复性好,适用于血浆中伊伐布雷定及其代谢产物含量测定。     

卡泊芬净及其杂质的LC-QTOF-MS定性分析

目的 采用LC-QTOF-MS分析醋酸卡泊芬净原料药及其强降解产物的杂质，研究卡泊芬净及其相关杂质(杂质A、B、C、D和E)的质谱特征。方法 采用Waters CORTECS^® C₁₈⁺(4.6 mm×150 mm，2.7 μm)色谱柱，流动相A为0.1%甲酸-水溶液，流动相B为0.1%甲酸-乙腈，流速为0.6 mL·min^-1，梯度洗脱；ESI-QTOF-MS正离子扫描检测。结果 在一级质谱中，除杂质D主要显示单电荷准分子离子峰外，卡泊芬净及其余4个杂质均以多电荷准分子离子峰的响应较高；在二级质谱中，卡泊芬净及其他含乙二胺结构的杂质均会丢失乙二胺及其所连基团产生碎片离子m/z 103 3；卡泊芬净及其相关杂质主要通过肽键的断裂生成一系列碎片离子，也可以通过丢失氨基酸残基中的羟基、酰基或氨基生成碎片离子；杂质A和杂质C分别显示高丰度的特征碎片离子m/z 137.070 8和m/z 77.071 1，可以与卡泊芬净及其他杂质区分。结论 卡泊芬净及其5个杂质均具有明显的质谱特征，研究结果可为卡泊芬净生产过程中可能出现的未知杂质的结构鉴定提供参考，以便及早发现生产工艺中的潜在问题，降低产品质量风险。     

UHPLC-MS/MS同时检测大鼠血浆中5种CYP450探针药物

目的 采用UHPLC-MS/MS同时检测大鼠血浆中非那西丁、甲苯磺丁脲、奥美拉唑、美托洛尔、咪达唑仑的血药浓度。方法 血浆样品经乙腈沉淀,采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈色谱柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm）;流动相为乙腈-含0.1%甲酸的水,梯度洗脱,流速为0.4 mL·min^-1。检测采用电喷雾离子源,多反应监测。非那西丁：[M+H]⁺,m/z 180.1→109.9;甲苯磺丁脲：[M+H]⁺,m/z 271.1→91.0;奥美拉唑：[M+H]⁺,m/z 346.1→135.9;美托洛尔：[M+H]⁺,m/z 268.2→115.0;咪达唑仑：[M+H]⁺,m/z 326.1→290.8;内标卡马西平：[M+H]⁺,m/z 237.1→194.0。6只♂ SD大鼠,单剂量口服灌胃10 mg·kg^-1非那西丁,1 mg·kg^-1甲苯磺丁脲,10 mg·kg^-1奥美拉唑,10 mg·kg^-1美托洛尔和10 mg·kg^-1咪达唑仑,分别在给药后多点尾静脉采血。用DAS计算药动学参数。结果 血浆中非那西丁、甲苯磺丁脲、奥美拉唑、美托洛尔和咪达唑仑在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好。日内及日间RSD均<15%,提取回收率>75%,稳定性考察结果良好。非那西丁的AUC_0-t为（5 868.30±2 062.87）ng·mL^-1·h;甲苯磺丁脲的AUC_0-t为（58 056.34±15 569.16）ng·mL^-1·h;奥美拉唑的AUC_0-t为（14 181.67±4 085.40）ng·mL^-1·h;美托洛尔的AUC_0-t为（1 123.67±180.469）ng·mL^-1·h;咪达唑仑的AUC_0-t为（946.91±322.03）ng·mL^-1·h。结论 该方法灵敏度高、操作方便、结果准确,可作为CYP450酶活性及相关研究的测定方法。     

液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法测定猕猴血浆中阿德福韦液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法测定猕猴血浆中阿德福韦

目的 建立测定猕猴血浆中阿德福韦(adefovir)的液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法。方法 取血浆样品0.25 mL经甲醇沉淀蛋白后,以甲醇-水-甲酸(20∶80∶1)为流动相,用Diamonsil C₁₈柱分离,通过电喷雾离子化四极杆串联质谱,以选择离子反应监测方式进行检测。用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 274→m/z 162(阿德福韦)和m/z 288→m/z 176［内标,9-(3-膦酸甲氧基丙基)腺嘌呤］。结果阿德福韦线性范围为0.02～4.00 mg·L^-1,最低定量限为20 μg·L^-1,日内、日间精密度(RSD)小于5.8%,准确度(RE)在±4.5%范围内。在临床前药代动力学研究中,应用此法测试了3只猕猴po给予阿德福韦地匹福酯(adefovir dipivoxil)后血浆中阿德福韦的浓度。结论该法操作简便,准确,适用于临床前药代动力学研究。     

LC/MSn法同时检测人尿液中艾司唑仑、阿普唑仑和三唑仑

目的研究三氮唑苯并二氮类药物的质谱断裂规律,建立可同时检测人尿液中艾司唑仑、阿普唑仑和三唑仑的液相色谱-质谱(LC/MSⁿ)联用法。方法用LC/MSⁿ技术,同时对3种三氮唑苯二氮类药物进行色谱分离及质谱鉴定,并用质谱解析软件探讨该类化合物的裂解规律。结果3种药物的［M+H］⁺准分子离子均可生成脱去1分子N₂和1个Cl原子的特征碎片离子,其最低检测限小于0.5 ng·mL^-1。结论该方法快速、灵敏、准确,完全适用于法医学和临床用药过量案例或病例的定性分析。     

大蒜辣素提取物及其降解产物的HPLC-MS/MS研究

对大蒜辣素提取物及其降解产物进行研究。采用HPLC-MS/MS一级质谱扫描总离子流、HPLC保留时间、二级质谱或对照品对照进行结构鉴定。并对大蒜辣素提取物在水溶液和不同浓度乙醇溶液中的稳定性分别进行了考察。结果表明大蒜辣素提取液中主要含有5种硫代亚磺酸酯类成分。水溶液于-20 ℃存放3个月, 各成分相对稳定, 而随着乙醇浓度增加, 可见明显的降解, 并对降解产物进行了初步鉴定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法分析丹酚酸A的相关物质

目的研究丹酚酸A原料药中的微量杂质,并推测其可能的结构。方法采用液相色谱质谱联用技术获取微量杂质的分子量和碎片信息,并结合其紫外光谱来对未知化合物进行定性。色谱柱为Aglient XB-C18(250mm×5mm,5μm),乙腈-0.2%乙酸水二元梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL.min-1,DAD检测;质谱仪为LCQ Advantage,负离子,一至二级全扫描。结果通过液质联用分析共检测到3个含量在0.1%以上的杂质。结论根据其准分子离子和碎片信息,推测其中两个为丹酚酸A双键顺反异构化的产物,另一个为丹酚酸C。     

LC-MS/MS法鉴定注射用多西他赛中的有关物质

采用LC-MS/MS法对注射用多西他赛中的有关物质进行鉴定。采用乙酸乙酯提取注射剂,以去除制剂中影响LC-MS/MS离子化效果的磺丁基-β-环糊精等辅料,然后对提取物中的有关物质进行LC-MS/MS鉴定。采用LC-ESI-MS/MS测定各有关物质的一级和二级质谱图,并对准分子离子的各个产物离子进行归属,对各杂质可能的结构进行推测。在所建立的条件下,多西他赛及其有关物质分离良好,共鉴定了注射用多西他赛中的9个有关物质结构,其中4个有关物质为首次在注射用多西他赛中发现。本文所建立的LC-MS/MS法可以有效地分离分析多西他赛及其有关物质,为其制剂的质量控制和工艺优化提供参考。     

HPLC-DAD and MS/MS analysis of novel drug candidates from the group of aromatic hydrazones revealing the presence of geometric isomers

Salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) is an iron-chelating aromatic hydrazone with promising pharmacological properties. However, it suffers from relatively short biological half-life. Hence, two novel derivates of SIH, HAP-INH and HPP-INH were synthesized in order to overcome this pharmacokinetic drawback. The aim of the present study was to employ HPLC-DAD and HPLC–MS/MS methods to investigate the identity of the putative impurities of these newly prepared substances, which are being formed in aqueous environment. At first, it was shown that their retention times as well as UV spectra did not correspond to any expected synthetic precursor, by-product or degradation product. HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed purity of peaks and revealed close but not identical UV spectra of putative impurities and corresponding hydrazones. The subsequent HPLC–MS/MS analyses using ESI and the ion trap mass analyzer showed the identical molecular ions (in both modes) as well as their fragmentation, which implicated presence of geometric isomers. This suggestion was further supported by the NMR analyses. Since the Z/E isomers can have different biological activities, results of this study might be of great importance for further development of the aroylhydrazones as novel drug candidates as well as from the theoretical point of view.     

用液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用法检测兔体液中阿普唑仑及其主要代谢产物

建立鉴别体液中阿普唑仑及其主要代谢物的高效液相色谱 电喷雾离子阱质谱联用(LC/MSn)法 .采用LC/MSn联用技术 ,检测家兔灌胃给药后血样和尿样中阿普唑仑原形药及其羟基化代谢物、葡萄糖苷酸型结合物 ,得到了它们的色谱、质谱以及特征碎片离子信息 .阿普唑仑的最低检测限小于 1ng .本法专属性强 ,可推广至其他生物检材的测定 ,尤其适用于需快速响应的临床和法医毒物分析     

液相色谱-质谱联用法检测体液中三唑仑及其代谢产物

建立了鉴别体液中三唑仑及其主要代谢物的液相色谱 质谱联用法。采用液相色谱 电喷雾离子阱质谱法 ,得到三唑仑和羟基化代谢物及其葡萄糖苷酸型结合物的色谱、质谱信息以及特征碎片离子。三唑仑的最低检测限小于 0 1ng。用本法分析了一例怀疑服用过量三唑仑的麻醉抢劫案例所取证的血样及尿样 ,并与健康受试者服药后尿样及家兔灌胃三唑仑后所取的血样及尿样比较 ,得到了当事人服用三唑仑的可靠数据。该方法可靠、快速、简便 ,尤其适用于需快速响应的法医学和毒理学分析     

The potential use of complex derivatization procedures in comprehensive HPLC-MS/MS detection of anabolic steroids

The use of two separate derivatization procedures with the formation of oxime (hydroxyl ammonium pretreatment) and picolinoyl (mixed anhydride method) derivates of anabolic steroids following HPLC-MS/MS analysis was proposed. The main product ions of obtained derivatives for 21 anabolic steroids were evaluated and fragmentation pathways were compared.The analysis of MS/MS spectra for underivatized steroids versus oxime or picolinoyl derivatives showed that in case of analytes containing conjugated double bonds in sterane core all of the observed MS/MS spectra contained abundant product ions of diagnostic value. The implementation of derivatization procedures to such compounds is useful for upgrading sensitivity or selectivity of the evaluated method. On the other hand, MS/MS spectra of underivatized and oxime analytes without conjugated double bonds in sterane core produce spectra with large amounts of low abundant product ions. Picolinoyl derivatives formation leads to highly specific spectra with product ions of diagnostic value coupled with sensitive and selective analysis at the same time. The intra- and inter-group comparison analysis revealed that fragmentation pathways for underivatized steroids and correspondent oxime derivatives are similar.The obtained oxime and picolinoyl derivatives provided 10-15 times higher ESI response in the HPLC-ESI-MS-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) when compared to those of underivatized molecules in positive HPLC-ESI-MS mode.Due to the laborious sample preparation we suggest to use the performed strategy for confirmation analysis purposes, metabolic studies or while the identification of new steroids or steroid-like substances.     

电喷雾离子阱质谱法直接测定几种药物的葡萄糖苷酸型代谢物

为研究药物代谢产物的质谱规律,用电喷雾离子阱质谱法对溶液中乙氧苯柳胺、SFZ-47羧基衍生物、5-羟基普罗帕酮及普罗帕酮的β-D-葡萄糖苷酸型代谢物的结构进行了测定。结果表明,它们的(-)ESI-MS均生成[M-H]^-准分子离子,(-)ESI-MS²和(-)ESI-MS³则分别生成m/z175和m/z113碎片离子。提示这些共同特征可用于LC/MS法直接分析药物的葡萄糖苷酸型代谢物。     

A novel metabolic pathway of morphine: formation of morphine glucosides in cancer patients

AIMS: To characterize directly the conjugated metabolites of morphine in urine samples of cancer patients. METHODS: Urine samples from the patients were treated by solid-phase extraction method and chromatographed using three high-performance liquid chromatography systems. Conjugated metabolites were directly detected with liquid chromatographic/ion trap mass spectrometric (LC/MSn) technique by selected ion monitoring, full scan MS/MS and MS3 modes. RESULTS: Six conjugated metabolites including two new metabolites M5 and M6 were found. Morphine-3-glucuronide (M-3-G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M-6-G) were identified by comparing their l.c. retention times and multistage mass spectra with those of the reference substances. Two novel metabolites, morphine-3-glucoside and morphine-6-glucoside, as well as normorphine glucuronides were identified by comparing their mass fragment patterns and l.c. retention times with those of M-3-G and M-6-G. Hydrolysis of urine samples with beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase provided further evidence of the metabolites M5 and M6 as morphine glucosides. The excretion amounts of morphine conjugates in urines were in the order of morphine glucuronides, morphine glucosides and normorphine glucuronides. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the applications of l.c. separation and multistage mass spectra have permitted the direct identification of conjugated metabolites of morphine. To our knowledge, this is the first report about O-linked glucosides of morphine at 3-aromatic and 6-aliphatic hydroxyl groups.