膀胱肉瘤样癌与癌肉瘤

目的探讨膀胱肉瘤样癌及膀胱癌肉瘤组织学特性。提高对膀胱肉瘤样癌和膀胱癌肉瘤的病理学和临床特征的认识。方法报告1例膀胱肉瘤样癌和1例膀胱癌肉瘤的病例资料。2例均为男性。年龄分别为60岁、66岁。1例以肉眼血尿就诊,膀胱镜、CT和B超检查均诊断为膀胱肿瘤,肿瘤呈侵润性生长,术前活检提示为移行上皮细胞癌。行膀胱部分切除术,术后行全身化疗和膀胱灌注化疗;病理检查为癌肉瘤。另1例以膀胱血块填塞就诊,急诊手术行血块清除、止血及肿瘤姑息性切除,术后均行全身化疗和膀胱灌注化疗,术后病理检查为肉瘤样癌。结果1例行膀胱部分切除者,术后病理可见上皮和肉瘤样间质2种恶性成分,且可见到横纹肌肉瘤成分,诊断为膀胱癌肉瘤,3个月后复查局部肿瘤复发。行膀胱全切-回肠新膀胱术,目前仍在随访中。另1例术后病理可见上皮和肉瘤样间质2种恶性成分,癌与肉瘤样区有移行,诊断为膀胱肉瘤样癌,1个月后死于全身衰竭、多处转移。结论膀胱肉瘤样癌和癌肉瘤具有浸润性生长的生物学特性,恶性程度高,预后不良;化疗、放疗都不太敏感,手术仍是首选治疗方式。     

膀胱肉瘤样癌二例报告

目的探讨膀胱肉瘤样癌组织学特性，提高对膀胱肉瘤样癌和膀胱癌肉瘤病理学上区别的认识。方法报告2例膀胱肉瘤样癌病例资料。2例均为男性，年龄分别为76、59岁。均以肉眼血尿就诊，膀胱镜、CT和B超检查均诊断为膀胱肿瘤，肿瘤呈浸润性生长。术前活检均提示为移行上皮细胞癌。结果2例均行膀胱部分切除术。1例术前行新辅助化疗。术后病理可见上皮和肉瘤样问质2种恶性成分，但癌与肉瘤样区有移行，诊断为膀胱肉瘤样癌。术后均行全身化疗和膀胱灌注化疗，3个月后复查局部肿瘤复发。1例5个月后死于心脏疾病，另1例仍在随访中。结论膀胱肉瘤样癌为尿路上皮癌的一种亚型，具有呈浸润性生长的生物学特性，恶性程度高，预后不良，在制定治疗方案尤其是化、放疗方案时应充分考虑。     

膀胱癌肉瘤4例临床病理分析

目的:探讨膀胱癌肉瘤的临床表现、病理特征、治疗方法等。方法:报告1995～2010年天津医科大学第二医院的4例膀胱癌肉瘤疾病的情况,并结合文献对之诊断、病理、治疗等行进一步分析。结果:4例患者中,男2例,女2例,年龄63～80岁。均因间歇性无痛全程肉眼血尿入院,膀胱镜检查均提示菜花样肿物,呈浸润性生长。2例行膀胱部分切除术,2例行膀胱全切加双侧输尿管皮肤造瘘术。术中所见与膀胱癌基本相同。术后病理检查均有癌和肉瘤两种成分,免疫组化有膀胱癌肉瘤较特异性表现。术后予以不同的化疗等。结论:膀胱癌肉瘤在膀胱恶性肿瘤中罕见,没有特征性的临床表现,确诊主要依靠病理和免疫组化检查;治疗方法采用根治性膀胱切除术较佳,但其恶性程度高,预后不良,诊断和治疗需要进一步探索。     

膀胱癌肉瘤1例报告并附文献复习

目的结合文献复习,探讨膀胱癌肉瘤的临床特征及诊治水平。方法报告1例膀胱癌肉瘤患者的临床和病理资料,以无痛性肉眼血尿伴排尿困难为主要症状,CTU提示膀胱占位,膀胱镜下见巨大膀胱内肿物,活检病理提示癌肉瘤可能性大。结果行腹腔镜下全膀胱切除加回肠膀胱术,术后病理诊断为膀胱癌肉瘤,显微镜下主要由高分化移行细胞癌和肉瘤成分组成,辅以GC方案化疗。结论诊断依赖病理及免疫组化检查,膀胱癌肉瘤具有高度恶性和浸润性生长的生物学特性,治疗主要是以行根治性手术为主,预后不良。     

膀胱癌肉瘤诊疗体会(附3例报告)

目的:探讨膀胱癌肉瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年~2012年收治的3例膀胱癌肉瘤患者的临床资料,3例患者均以全程无痛肉眼血尿为首发症状,伴排尿困难2例,尿频、尿急1例,膀胱镜检示肿瘤发生于膀胱左侧壁2例,膀胱顶底部1例。3例患者中1例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT),1例行全膀胱切除术+回肠膀胱术,1例行膀胱全切术+双侧输尿管皮肤造口术。结果:所有患者术后病理均证实为膀胱癌肉瘤,3例均为高级别。患者术后均获随访,随访时间10~36个月,1例术后10个月死亡,1例术后2年死亡。1例术后至今存活3年。结论:膀胱癌肉瘤是一种少见的高度恶性的膀胱肿瘤,根治性膀胱切除术是主要的治疗方式,术后放化疗效果均不理想,预后差。     

2例膀胱癌肉瘤诊治分析

目的提高膀胱癌肉瘤的认识及诊治水平。方法回顾复习2例膀胱癌肉瘤的临床资料,2例术前均以无痛性肉眼血尿入院,B超及CT均提示膀胱占位,膀胱镜下见肿块向膀胱突出,有蒂,活检1例提示移行细胞癌2~3级,1例提示鳞状细胞癌,均行膀胱部分切除。结果手术后病理2例均为膀胱癌肉瘤,1例癌成分为移行细胞,另一例为鳞状细胞。1例3个月后复发行根治性膀胱切除,5个月后死于全身转移。另一例8个月后死于原位复发。结论膀胱癌肉瘤临床罕见,恶性程度极高,术前易诊治为癌而忽略肉瘤成分,愈后差。     

膀胱癌肉瘤与肉瘤样癌诊治再讨论

目的：探讨膀胱癌肉瘤和肉瘤样癌的组织学特性、临床表现、治疗以及预后.方法：回顾性分析1例膀胱癌肉瘤及2例肉瘤样痛患者的临床、病理和随访资料,并复习相关文献进行讨论.结果：3例患者术后病理检查可见上皮源性和间质源性两种恶性成分.1例癌组织CK和EMA阳性,但Vimentin阴性,肉瘤样组织Vi-mentin阳性,诊断为膀胱癌肉瘤,术后给予M-VAC方案化疗,于10个月后死于肿瘤肺部转移.2例癌组织与肉瘤样区有移行,癌组织CK和EMA阳性,但Vimentin阴性,肉瘤样组织CK、EMA及Vimentin阳性,诊断为膀胱肉瘤样癌,术后分别给予GC和M-VAC方案化疗,于8个月和11个月后死于肿瘤肺部转移和心力衰竭.结论：膀胱癌肉瘤和肉瘤样癌具有浸润性生长的生物学特性,恶性程度高,预后不良.其确诊依赖病理学及免疫组织化学检查,手术仍是首选治疗方式.     

泌尿系统肉瘤样癌和癌肉瘤八例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨泌尿系统肉瘤样癌和癌肉瘤的组织学特点、临床表现、治疗和预后.方法 泌尿系统肉瘤样癌和癌肉瘤8例.其中膀胱肉瘤样癌4例,男3例,女1例,年龄58、63、78、79岁,均因无痛性肉眼血尿就诊,肿瘤直径平均4.5(1.5～6.7)cm,为不规则、广基的浸润性肿物.行膀胱部分切除术2例,TURBt 1例,膀胱癌根治术1例.肾肉瘤样癌1例,男,64岁,因肉眼血尿就诊,伴同侧肾上腺和胰腺转移,行肾癌根治术和胰腺体尾切除术.转移性右肾上腺肉瘤样癌1例,男,47岁,原发灶为左肺肉瘤样癌,行左肺下叶和右肾上腺切除术.肾盂癌肉瘤1例,女,64岁,表现为无痛性肉眼血尿,行左肾、输尿管及部分膀胱切除术.膀胱癌肉瘤1例,男,77岁,无痛性肉眼血尿,肿瘤直径2.5～3.0 cm,行TURBt术.8例均经病理检查确诊.8例均获随访,随访时间36～96个月.结果 膀胱肉瘤样癌4例中:1例G_3、T_(2a)者行TURBt,术后行丝裂霉素膀胱灌注化疗,随访96个月无瘤生存;1例63岁女性先行TURBt,术后病理为肉瘤样癌、T_1伴有原位癌(T_m),1个月后行膀胱癌根治切除术.随访36个月无瘤生存;1例T3a者行膀胱部分切除术,术后辅以放疗,随访36个月无瘤生存;1例T4a者行姑息性膀胱部分切除术,术后病理切缘阳性,术后2个月死于肿瘤多脏器转移.肾肉瘤样癌患者术后2个月开始化疗(盐酸吉西他滨加卡铂),又出现肝、肺转移,术后5个月死亡.转移性右肾上腺肉瘤样癌患者术后在外院行3个疗程化疗(顺铂加依托泊苷),5个月后出现左肾上腺转移,术后7个月死亡.肾盂癌肉瘤患者的肿瘤以软骨肉瘤为主,伴少许鳞状细胞癌及未分化癌,随访60个月无瘤生存.膀胱癌肉瘤患者肿瘤病理分期为T2a,主要是平滑肌肉瘤,伴有鳞状细胞痛和腺癌,术后予以全身化疗(盐酸吉西他滨加卡铂),随访12个月死于慢性阻塞性肺气肿、肺部感染.结论 泌尿系统肉瘤样癌和癌肉瘤少见,多见于老年男性,恶性程度高,浸润性强,预后差.肿瘤的病理分期和治疗是影响预后的因素,早期诊断和积极的综合治疗可望获得较好的治疗结果、延长患者生存期.     

膀胱癌肉瘤2例报告

目的：总结膀胱癌肉瘤的临床特征及病理特点.方法：报告2例膀胱癌肉瘤病例资料.2例均为男性,年龄分别为67、83岁.均以间歇性血尿或伴尿痛入院,影像学及膀胱镜检查诊断为膀胱肿瘤.结果：2例病理检查发现同时存在癌与肉瘤成分.1例行全膀胱切除回肠膀胱术,于术后3个月死于肿瘤全身转移.1例行膀胱部分切除术,随访16个月,无肿瘤转移及复发.仍健在.结论：膀胱癌肉瘤恶性程度高,浸润性强,易早期转移.诊断依赖病理学检查和免疫组化.早期发现及根治性切除,可能延长患者的生存期.     

前列腺肉瘤样癌二例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨前列腺肉瘤样癌的临床表现、病理特点和诊治方法. 方法 前列腺肉瘤样癌患者2例.例1,51岁.因排尿困难、会阴部不适2个月,急性尿潴留入院.实验室检查PSA值2.31 ng/ml,CT检查示前列腺密度不均,左叶弥漫性增大、浸润膀胱.经直肠穿刺活检诊断为前列腺肉瘤样癌.行全膀胱、前列腺切除加尿流改道(Bricker手术),术后行局部放射治疗和内分泌治疗.例2,54岁,因排尿困难伴间歇性肉眼血尿1个月入院.实验室检查PSA 2.61 ng/ml.B超检查示低回声块.CT检查示前列腺密度不均.经直肠穿刺活检诊断为前列腺肉瘤.行全膀胱、前列腺切除加尿流改道(Bricker手术). 结果 2例术后病理均诊断为前列腺肉瘤样癌.镜下肿瘤组织由上皮癌细胞和肉瘤样间质2种成分组成,之间可见移行区过渡.免疫组化:2种成分中细胞角蛋白、上皮膜抗原均呈阳性表达.癌细胞波形蛋白阴性,肉瘤样细胞阳性.例1术后41个月出现广泛转移,2个月后死亡.实验室检查PSA正常.例2术后16个月出现骨转移并有局部复发,手术去势联合比卡鲁胺最大限度雄激素阻断治疗3个月无效,术后19个月死亡.实验室检查PSA<4.0 ng/ml.结论前列腺肉瘤样癌是一种罕见、高度恶性的肿瘤,预后不良,确诊需依赖病理表现及免疫组织化学检查.根治性切除辅以局部放射治疗和内分泌治疗可行.     

A case of true carcinosarcoma in bladder diverticulum]

We report a case of carcinosarcoma arising from a bladder diverticulum. A 71-year-old male was referred to our hospital for macroscopic hematuria. Two diverticula were identified in the left wall of the urinary bladder, one of which showed a broad-based tumor. The bladder tumor was resected using a transuretheral approach and the tumor was histologically diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent partial resection of the bladder including the two diverticula and the tumor. Pathological examination revealed that the resected specimen was composed of three elements, transitional cell carcinoma (G3), squamous cell carcinoma, and leiomyosarcoma. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with carcinosarcoma. He died 5 months after surgery to remove the panperitonitis carcinomatosa. This case is the 38th reported case of bladder carcinosarcoma in Japan.     

膀胱淋巴管瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨膀胱淋巴管瘤的临床病理特点与诊治方法。方法：回顾分析1例膀胱淋巴管瘤临床资料,并复习有关文献。结果：经尿道电切和电灼增生及坏死组织灶,病变黏膜下注射平阳霉素,术后肉眼血尿消失,1周后排尿刺激症状明显改善,20天后消失。2个月后巩固治疗一次。随访一年无复发。结论：膀胱淋巴管瘤是一良性肿瘤,主要症状为肉眼血尿,有或无排尿刺激症状,尿中无白细胞,确诊依靠膀胱镜活检,手术和化疗效果理想,预后好。     

Primary heterologous carcinosarcoma of the ureter with necrotic malignant polyps. Report of a case and review of the literature

Carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive disease characterized by biphasic neoplasms with distinct mesenchymal and epithelial components. We report a case of ureteral carcinosarcoma with malignant necrotic polyps. The patient was a 58-year-old woman with painless hematuria, who was later diagnosed as having ureteral carcinosarcoma. Three long pendulous polypoid-shape tumors consisting of high-grade transitional cell carcinoma with chondrosarcomatous and osteosarcomatous elements were found. Two months after nephroureterectomy, the tumor relapsed in the bladder. Despite anterior exenteration, the patient died of local recurrence 6 months after her initial visit. To our knowledge, only 10 cases of this disease have been reported in the literature.     

Synchronous occurrence of bladder carcinosarcoma and testicular seminoma

We report a case of urinary bladder carcinosarcoma with simultaneous testicular seminoma. A 60-year-old male presented with painless gross hematuria and a left testicular mass. The bladder tumor was deeply infiltrating muscular tissue and had histologic features of both carcinoma and sarcoma. Testicular tumor was diagnosed as classical seminoma. Radical cystectomy, pelvic and left-modified retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy were performed. The lymph nodes did not show metastasis. At the 26 months follow-up, the patient is free of disease.     

A case of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder

We report a case of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder. A 68-year-old man visited our hospital with complaints of asymptomatic macroscopic hematuria, cold sweat and general malaise. Excretory urography revealed a filling defect in the left wall of the bladder, and subsequent cystoscopy revealed a non-papillary sessile tumor. The tumor was transurethrally resected and its histology showed carcinosarcoma which was characteristics of a mixture of transitional cell carcinoma with spindle cell sarcoma. The patient underwent total cystectomy and his bladder was reconstructed with the ileum. Nevertheless, he died of multiple organ metastases 3 months after the surgery.     

肾移植术后并发自体泌尿系统恶性肿瘤22例的临床分析

目的 分析肾移植受者并发自体泌尿系统恶性肿瘤的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析单中心1945例肾移植受者的临床资料,其中发生自体泌尿系统恶性肿瘤22例(发生率为1.13％),占所有恶性肿瘤的56.4 ％(22/39).22例中肾乳头状腺癌、肾乳头状细胞癌、肾血管肉瘤各1例;肾盂移行细胞癌1例,肾盂输尿管移行细胞癌6例,输尿管移行细胞癌7例,肾盂输尿管膀胱移行细胞癌1例;膀胱恶性肿瘤4例(包括膀胱移行细胞癌3例、膀胱交界恶性肿瘤1例).22例中,以肉眼血尿为主要症状者17例,2例反复出现镜下血尿,只有3例无明显临床症状.患者的发病年龄为(54.3±12.3)岁,诊断肿瘤的中位时间为移植术后53个月.10例采用环孢素A+硫唑嘌呤+泼尼松预防排斥反应,12例采用环孢素A+吗替麦考酚酯+泼尼松.所有患者均接受手术治疗,其中3例肾脏恶性肿瘤患者接受了根治性肾切除手术,15例肾孟、输尿管肿瘤患者接受患侧肾、输尿管切除并膀胱袖状切除,4例膀胱恶性肿瘤患者中,3例接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,1例行膀胱部分切除术.结果 随访2～97个月,死亡9例,死亡时间为肿瘤手术后6～97个月,死亡原因为骨转移1例,肺转移1例,脑转移2例,肝转移2例,全身广泛转移3例.随访截止时存活13例,存活时间最长者为单纯膀胱肿瘤患者,存活92个月,存活超过4年者4例,存活超过1年者5例.结论 自体泌尿系统恶性肿瘤是肾移植术后的一个重要并发症;无痛性肉眼血尿是最常见的症状;根治性手术切除是最主要的治 疗手段.     

A case of carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder

A 66-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of painful, irritative urinary symptoms and macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a non-papillary tumor covered with necrotic tissue on the right side of the posterior wall of the bladder. Transurethral resection was performed ; histologically, the tumor was found to be composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. The carcinomatous element consisted of urothelial and squamous cell carcinomas. The sarcomatous element was composed of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and spindle cell sarcoma. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the carcinomatous component was positive for cytokeratin and the sarcomatous component was positive for S-100 protein. The patient underwent total cystectomy with ileal conduit under the diagnosis of carcinosarcoma. Pathological examination showed no residual tumor. She was followed up with no signs of recurrence or metastasis. Computed tomography (CT) at nine months following surgery showed no evidence of recurrence. However, thirteen months after the operation, she complained of lower abdominal pain, and CT demonstrated a bulky intrapelvic tumor and right hydronephrosis. Her condition worsened rapidly and she died one month later.     

Carcinosarcoma of the bladder: a case report

Carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder is a uncommon tumor with characteristic histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings; his histogenesis have still not been clear; the prognosis seems to be improved by radical cystectomy and adjuvants therapies. We report a case of 47 years old women suffering from suprapubic pains, dysuria and hematuria of five months duration and had a 10 cm suprapubic mass that was found on physical examination. Radiographically, the tumor invaded the dome of the urinary bladder and causes bilateral hydronephrosis. Microscopically it was an urinary bladder carcinosarcoma. Our objective is to discuss the histogenesis, the anatomoclinical and prognosis of these rare tumors.