支气管镜下带针活检钳对气道纵行皱襞病变诊断价值的临床探讨

目的探讨支气管镜下带针活检钳对气道纵行皱襞病变的诊断价值。方法将254例疑诊肺癌的患者,随机分为A组和B组。A组134人,采用先钳夹活检后行刷检的方法,使用带针活检钳对气道纵行皱襞处进行镜下取材,即刻进行术中细胞病理学检查;B组120人,仅对气道纵行皱襞处刷检,术后行细胞病理学检查。分别对两组的麻醉效果进行评级、评分及细胞学、病理学的分析。结果采用先钳夹活检后行刷检的方法,并使用带针活检钳对气道纵行皱襞处进行镜下取材诊断肺癌的阳性率明显高于B组的取材方法。结论支气管镜先钳夹活检后行刷检的序贯取材法,常规使用带针活检钳对气道纵行皱襞处进行镜下取材可以提高对肺癌的诊断率。     

两种活检钳在慢性胃炎胃镜活检中的临床比较

目的:比较两种活检钳在慢性胃炎胃镜活检时取材效果及病理结果并进行分析.方法:选取2013-07/2014-07淄博市第一医院收治的慢性胃炎患者130例作为研究对象,并进行胃镜检查并活检,将其随机分为A、B两组,各65例,A组患者采用无针胃钳,而B组患者采用有针胃钳进行取材,比较两组患者的取材效果及病理结果相关性分析.结果:A组活检取材效果与B组进行比较,A组中胃体大弯侧取材效果及胃角偏体侧部位取材效果满意率分别为80.0%、76.9%,而B组分别为92.3%、90.7%,两组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组与B组所取组织病理结果与最终病理结果相比较,A组病理诊断与最终病理诊断为浅表性胃炎准确率为61.5%、72.3%,病理诊断为萎缩性胃炎的准确率为30.7%、46.2%,两者数据相比较,P0.05;而B组诊断为浅表性胃炎准确率分别为69.2%、72.3%,诊断为萎缩性胃炎的准确率分别为43.1%、46.2%,两者数据比较,P0.05;A组与B组再进行比较,P0.05.结论:对于慢性胃炎患者进行胃镜活检时,取材效果与活检钳的类型相关,活检病理与其类型无关,有针活检钳比无针活检钳取材效果好,临床上可推广应用.     

经支气管镜冷冻活检在中央型肺癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨经支气管镜冷冻活检在中央型肺癌中的诊断价值及安全性。方法回顾性分析65例中央型肺癌患者,每例均经支气管灌洗、针吸活检、活检钳活检、毛刷刷检、冷冻活检。对冷冻活检与活检钳活检两种方法取得的组织大小、组织结构的完整性进行比较分析,并对所有取材方法的病理结果进行比较分析。同时观察各种取材方式的出血情况。结果活检钳活检组织平均大小为5.68mm~2,冷冻活检组织平均大小为12.35mm~2,冷冻活检组织明显大于活检钳活检;组织结构的完整性差异性不明显。冷冻活检的阳性检出率为83.08%,显著高于活检钳活检(P0.05)。对增生型及混合型肺癌,冷冻活检联合活检钳活检阳性率为98.46%。冷冻活检在浸润型病变中出血风险较大。结论在中央型肺癌中,冷冻活检联合活检钳活检,对增生型及混合型肺癌阳性率高,建议采用浸润型病变冷冻活检出血风险大,慎用。     

一步法内镜标定活检的实验研究

内镜已广泛用于各种消化系统疾病的诊断,包括各种急慢性炎症、良恶性肿瘤、息肉、先天畸形等.内镜检查是现代医学诊断的重要工具.然而内镜检查离不开病理诊断以明确病变性质,尤其是在癌前病变监测随访及肿瘤定标指导手术.如何准确地辨认目标进行复查、手术是目前的难题.目前有用注射针作为体腔黏膜定标,再用常规活检钳作黏膜活检,以解决这一问题,不但难度大,准确性也有质疑,因此需有一种同时定标活检仪器的帮助.本研究介绍一种可同时定标和活检的定标活检仪。     

胃镜形态学酷似良性隆起性病变的早期胃癌18例分析

胃镜诊断为良性隆起性病变的 6 93例中病理组织学诊断为早期胃癌 18例 ,占 2 .5 9%。早期胃癌并不具有特异性临床症状 ,对 40岁以上 ,有明显消化不良症状或癌前期病变患者 ,应常规作胃镜检查加活检 ;胃内隆起性病变形态学似良性者 ,仍需在病灶区域多处活检 ,才能提高胃癌的诊断率 ;强调掌握内镜活检取材要点和准确方法是诊断早期胃癌的关键 ;加强癌前病变的随访是发现早期胃癌的重要措施     

三种模式内镜检查诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变的对比研究

目的通过白光模式、窄带成像技术（NBI）及卢戈染色方法对食管病变进行内镜观察,比较这3种模式诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变的临床应用价值。方法 2010年1月至2013年1月在南京医科大学第一附属医院消化内科均行白光模式、NBI模式及卢戈染色内镜检查共103例患者125个病灶,包括食管炎症病灶16个,轻、中、重度不典型增生病灶44、25、22个,早期食管癌病灶18个。对所有NBI阳性及卢戈染色阳性部位均取活检。以手术病理结果作为诊断金标准,3种模式对病变的检出率比较应用χ^2检验,病变NBI分级及卢戈染色分级与病理结果比较应用χ^2检验。结果 （1）103例患者内镜检查共发现125个病灶,其中白光模式下、NBI模式下及卢戈染色后分别发现早期食管癌及癌前病变85个（68.0%）、105个（84.0%）、109个（87.2%）;NBI模式下和卢戈染色对于早期食管癌及癌前病变的检出率差异无统计学意义,白光模式下早期食管癌及癌前病变的检出率均低于NBI模式下和卢戈染色后,且差异有统计学意义（χ^2=8.772,P=0.003;χ2=13.255,P=0.000）。（2）NBI模式下及卢戈染色诊断重度不典型增生和早期食管癌的敏感度均为100%（40/40）,均高于白光模式下的85.0%（34/40）,且差异均有统计学意义（χ2均=4.505,P均=0.026）;NBI模式下及卢戈染色诊断轻-中度不典型增生的敏感度分别为94.2%（65/69）、100%（69/69）,两者之间比较差异无统计学意义,但两者均高于白光模式下诊断轻-中度不典型增生的敏感度73.9%（51/69）,且差异均有统计学意义（χ2=10.599,P=0.001;χ^2=20.700,P=0.000）。重度不典型增生和早期食管癌病灶NBI分级、卢戈染色分级均多为Ⅰ级[90.0%（36/40）、95.0%（38/40）],轻-中度不典型增生病灶NBI分级、卢戈染色分级均多为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级[均为94.2%（65/69）],且差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=18.373、23.736、39.371、39.371,均P=0.000）。结论 NBI模式和卢戈染色均能够更清晰地显示早期食管癌及癌前病变的范围和大小,有助于更精确的活检,从而提高病变的检出率,且两者对于早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断效能相似,均明显优于白光模式。NBI模式和卢戈染色可作为诊断早期食管癌的互补手段。     

支气管镜下活检对气道纵行皱襞病变的诊断价值

支气管镜能直接观察支气管肺癌病变生长方式、部位、大小,同时局部活检、刷检等检查可提高诊断率,提高病理学诊断的准确性,减少治疗的盲目性,但钳检、刷检阳性率的高低影响因素颇多,为了探讨支气管镜下带针活检钳对气道纵行皱襞病变的诊断价值,我科采用先钳夹活检后行刷检序贯取材的方法,针对临床上疑诊肺癌,无气道新生物,仅有明显气道纵行皱襞形成的患者,常规使用带针活检钳进行镜下取材,以评价这种方法对提高肺癌诊断率的价值,特别是周围型肺癌.     

超声内镜对常规内镜活检阴性胃壁增厚病变的诊断价值

目的评价超声内镜对常规内镜活检阴性胃壁增厚病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析57例常规内镜活检阴性胃壁增厚病变行超声内镜检查患者的诊断结果和随访情况,以手术病理和随访结果为最终诊断,统计内镜超声检查术（EUS）的诊断符合率以及内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸术（EUS—FNA）、内镜超声定位下活检的阳性发现率。结果57例最终诊断为胃癌19例、胃淋巴瘤10例、不典型增生1例、Menetrier’s病1例、炎性改变26例。EUS对胃癌的诊断符合率为53．8％（14／26）,对胃淋巴瘤的诊断符合率为50．0％（10／20）;EUS．FNA阳性发现率为47．4％（9／19）;内镜超声定位下活检阳性发现率为66．7％（20／30）。结论EUS结合EUS—FNA尚不能作为鉴别诊断常规内镜活检阴性胃壁增厚病变病因的金标准,但超声内镜对诊断有一定帮助。     

胃上皮内瘤变内镜活组织检查与内镜切除标本病理结果差异分析

目的 分析比较我国胃镜活组织检查（简称活检）和内镜下切除病理诊断胃上皮内瘤变的可靠性。 方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年3月北京协和医院胃镜活检病理诊断为胃上皮内瘤变的98例患者,包括20例低级别上皮内瘤变（LGIN）,65例高级别上皮内瘤变（HGIN）和13例早期胃癌（EGC）。患者均行内镜下切除,结合患者临床资料,对活检病理与内镜下切除病理差异率、临床特征和差异因素进行分析。 结果 20例活检病理为LGIN的患者,内镜下切除后有12例病理结果较活检病理进展,其中7例HGIN（差异率35.0％,7／20）,5例EGC（25.0％,5／20）。活检病理诊断HGIN的65例患者,内镜切除后38例诊断为EGC（58.5％,38／65）,4例诊断为LGIN（6.2％,4／65）。13例活检诊断为EGC者切除后病理维持原诊断。活检病理和内镜切除病理诊断的总体差异率为55.1％（54／98）。病变直径＞2 cm,病变表面充血是活检和内镜切除病理差异的主要因素（P＜0.05）。 结论 内镜活检病理诊断胃上皮内瘤变的可靠性欠佳,内镜下切除不仅是治疗胃上皮内瘤变的主要手段,也是明确组织学诊断的一个重要方法。     

虚拟导航技术引导经支气管肺活检对肺外周结节的诊断价值

目的探讨虚拟导航引导经支气管肺活检对外周型肺孤立性小结节的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至12月于成都医学院第一附属医院呼吸内科通过不同方法经支气管肺组织活检的96例外周型肺孤立性小结节患者的临床资料,根据活检方法的不同分为传统活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组,比较3组间的诊断率及虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组和虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组的操作时间。 结果传统活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组的病灶大小分别为(21±7)mm、(22±8)mm、(19±8)mm。3组比较差异无统计学意义(F＝0.48,P＝0.54)。传统活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组、虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组的诊断率分别为43.3%(13/30)、66.7%(23/35)和77.4%(24/31),传统活检钳肺活检组明显低于其他2个组(χ²＝7.801,P＝0.020),而虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组与虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²＝1.099,P＝0.295),且虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组与虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组在肺各个叶以及病灶良恶性间诊断率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。虚拟导航引导活检钳肺活检组与虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检组的操作时间分别为(436±201)s和(363±185)s,两组差异有统计学意义(t＝1.56,P＝0.038)。 结论虚拟导航技术引导经支气管肺活检术可以提高外周型肺孤立性小结节的诊断率,并且虚拟导航引导冷冻肺活检可以明显减少操作时间。     

Flat gastric polyps: results of forceps biopsy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and long-term follow-up

OBJECTIVE: Histological examination of specimens obtained by forceps biopsy sampling of gastric polyps is of limited accuracy, and their management on this basis is therefore controversial. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the value of forceps biopsy sampling in establishing the correct diagnosis revealed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). The complication rate of EMR was also determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects with gastric polyps of epithelial origin, of at least 0.5 cm in diameter, and not associated with polyposis syndromes, were included in the study. Between 1994 and 2004, 56 gastric polyps in 44 patients (30 F, 14 M, mean age 67 years) met the inclusion criteria. Indigo carmine dye staining and electronic magnification were used in all cases. Following forceps biopsy sampling, 56 EMRs were performed. The histological results of the forceps biopsy and the resected specimens were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial forceps biopsies identified in situ carcinoma in 3 cases, adenoma with no dysplasia in 19, adenoma with low-grade dysplasia in 2, adenoma with moderate-grade dysplasia in 6, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in 7, and hyperplastic lesions in 19 cases. The histological examination of the resected polyps revealed in situ carcinoma in 5 cases, carcinoid in 1, gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 1, adenoma with no dysplasia in 14, adenoma with low-grade dysplasia in 3, adenoma with moderate-grade dysplasia in 9, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in 1, hyperplastic lesions in 21, and no diagnosis in 1 case. Complete agreement between the histological results on the forceps biopsy sample and on the ectomized polyp was seen in only 31 (55.3%) polyps. There were important disagreements in 12 cases. In 14 neoplastic and 1 hyperplastic polyps, the degree of dysplasia seen on histological examination of the forceps biopsy specimens differed from that observed for the resected specimens. Post-mucosectomy bleeding was observed in 3 patients, all of whom were successfully treated endoscopically. CONCLUSIONS: Forceps biopsy is not sufficiently reliable for the identification of gastric polyps. These lesions should be fully resected by EMR for a final diagnosis and (depending on the lesion size and type) possibly definitive treatment.     

Endoscopic findings potentially predictive of gastric cancer in borderline lesions diagnosed by forceps biopsy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: When a benign-malignant borderline lesion is diagnosed by the usual small gastric biopsy, there is sometimes difficulty in making a clinical decision. To clarify potentially useful findings to predict the existence of gastric cancer in borderline lesions diagnosed by forceps biopsy, we retrospectively analyzed endoscopic features. METHODOLOGY: We diagnosed 68 consecutive gastric benign-malignant borderline lesions (57 cases) by forceps biopsy and endoscopically resected them. The final diagnosis for 24 lesions (35.3%) was adenocarcinoma (adenocarcinoma group), and for 40 lesions (58.8%) was adenoma (adenoma group). Comparison with endoscopic findings for the groups was carried out using digitally filed endoscopic photos. RESULTS: We found six endoscopic findings (distal location, reddish surface color, lack of smoothness, lack of glossiness, focal roughness, and focal redness) having statistically significant relationships with adenocarcinoma at the final pathological diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, focal redness (p<0.01) and lack of glossiness (p<0.05) were found to have a significant relationship to gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic findings such as focal redness and lack of glossiness were potentially predictive of gastric cancer in borderline lesions diagnosed by forceps biopsy.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection: not only therapeutic, but a diagnostic procedure for sessile gastric polyps

Background and Aims: Histological examination of specimens obtained by forceps biopsy sampling of gastric lesions is of limited accuracy, and their management on this basis is therefore controversial. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was initially developed in Japan for the resection of early gastric cancer (EGC). The potential use of EMR as a diagnostic tool has been suggested. The aims of the present study were to assess the value of forceps biopsy sampling in establishing the correct diagnosis revealed by EMR and to evaluate the efficacy of EMR. Methods: Fifty‐six subjects with sessile gastric polyps of epithelial origin, at least 0.5 cm in diameter, and not associated with polyposis syndromes, were included. Following forceps biopsy sampling, EMR was performed with an inject‐and‐cut technique or with cap‐fitted methods. The histological results on the forceps biopsy and the resected specimens were analyzed. Results: Histology on the resected specimens revealed neoplastic lesions in 34 cases, including seven EGC, and there were hyperplastic‐inflammatory lesions in 21 cases. Complete agreement between the previous histological results of the forceps biopsy samples and the resected specimens was seen in only 76.7% of the lesions. Altogether, the sensitivity and specificity of the forceps biopsy procedure for diagnosing neoplastic lesions were 87.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 76.0–98.9%) and 65.2% (95% CI = 45.7–84.7), respectively. A clinically relevant discrimination between neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions was not achieved in seven cases. No complications, such as perforation or massive bleeding necessitating surgical treatment, were encountered. EMR was considered complete in five patients. None of the EGC recurred during the mean 38‐month (6–72) follow up. Conclusions: Forceps biopsy is not fully representative of the entire lesion, and a simple biopsy may therefore lead to a faulty differentiation between neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions. EMR proposes diagnostic and staging advantage in assessing patients with EGC as compared to forceps biopsy, because it provides more intact mucosa and submucosa for histological analysis. Sessile gastric polyps should be fully resected by EMR for a final diagnosis and (depending on the lesion size and type) possibly definitive treatment.     

Flat gastric polyps: Results of forceps biopsy,endoscopic mucosal resection,and long-term follow-up

Objective. Histological examination of specimens obtained by forceps biopsy sampling of gastric polyps is of limited accuracy, and their management on this basis is therefore controversial. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the value of forceps biopsy sampling in establishing the correct diagnosis revealed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). The complication rate of EMR was also determined. Material and methods. Subjects with gastric polyps of epithelial origin, of at least 0.5?cm in diameter, and not associated with polyposis syndromes, were included in the study. Between 1994 and 2004, 56 gastric polyps in 44 patients (30?F, 14?M, mean age 67 years) met the inclusion criteria. Indigo carmine dye staining and electronic magnification were used in all cases. Following forceps biopsy sampling, 56 EMRs were performed. The histological results of the forceps biopsy and the resected specimens were analyzed. Results. The initial forceps biopsies identified in situ carcinoma in 3 cases, adenoma with no dysplasia in 19, adenoma with low-grade dysplasia in 2, adenoma with moderate-grade dysplasia in 6, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in 7, and hyperplastic lesions in 19 cases. The histological examination of the resected polyps revealed in situ carcinoma in 5 cases, carcinoid in 1, gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 1, adenoma with no dysplasia in 14, adenoma with low-grade dysplasia in 3, adenoma with moderate-grade dysplasia in 9, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in 1, hyperplastic lesions in 21, and no diagnosis in 1 case. Complete agreement between the histological results on the forceps biopsy sample and on the ectomized polyp was seen in only 31 (55.3%) polyps. There were important disagreements in 12 cases. In 14 neoplastic and 1 hyperplastic polyps, the degree of dysplasia seen on histological examination of the forceps biopsy specimens differed from that observed for the resected specimens. Post-mucosectomy bleeding was observed in 3 patients, all of whom were successfully treated endoscopically. Conclusions. Forceps biopsy is not sufficiently reliable for the identification of gastric polyps. These lesions should be fully resected by EMR for a final diagnosis and (depending on the lesion size and type) possibly definitive treatment.     

Evaluation of mucin expression patterns in gastric borderline (group III) lesions

Background Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of gastric borderline (group III) lesions remain controversial. We examined mucin expression patterns in endoscopically resected and forceps biopsy samples. Methods Sixty-three gastric lesions were histopathologically identified as belonging to group III on the basis of an endoscopic forceps biopsy. All of the patients underwent endoscopic resection, and the lesions were classified into group A (final diagnosis, adenocarcinoma) or group B (final diagnosis, adenoma). Immunostaining for MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 was performed and the mucin phenotype determined. An additional 26 forceps biopsy samples from the above 63 patients were similarly evaluated. Results The proportion of complete gastric (positive for MUC5AC and MUC6) plus gastric-predominant phenotypes was significantly higher in group A (58.0%) than in group B (18.7%) lesions (P < 0.05). The proportion of the complete intestinal (positive for MUC2 and CD10) phenotype was significantly higher in group B (68.8%) than in group A (19.4%) (P < 0.05). Similar results were also observed in the 26 forceps biopsy samples histopathologically diagnosed as group III lesions. The proportion of samples with a diffuse Ki-67 immunostaining pattern was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). p53 expression was significantly higher in group A (29.2%) than in group B (4.3%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Immunostaining of forceps biopsy samples for the mucin phenotype may be helpful for diagnosing gastric borderline (group III) lesions.     

胃癌前状态注墨标记及随访研究

为观察胃粘膜癌前状态的转归，对２０８例癌前状态病人前瞻性随访５年。常规胃粘膜取材随访２年后，采用胃粘膜内注墨标记癌前病变，定期原位取材，追踪癌前状态的发展。在随访期间，以胃粘膜活检病理积分法观察癌前变化，大部分癌前病变减轻或无进展，胃粘膜癌前变化病理积分显著下降，但在随访初期检出早期胃癌７例，提示癌前状态可能预示有隐藏癌，强调应加强近期随访初诊为胃癌状态者。此外，观察叶酸治疗癌前状态其效果与一般胃病治疗药无显著差异     

The diagnostic role of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric lesions with indefinite pathology

Abstract Objective. Endoscopic forceps biopsy is a fundamental modality for the histologic diagnosis of gastric neoplasms. However, the pathologic findings are not always concordant with the endoscopic interpretations. Currently, repeat endoscopic biopsy is the only way to manage lesion of indefinite pathology such as Category 2 according to the revised Vienna classification. We aimed to elucidate the role of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in clarifying the final pathologic diagnosis. Method. Among the 2304 gastric ESD cases, a total of consecutive 30 patients with 31 lesions (1.3%) that had a forceps biopsy with indefinite pathology discrepant from the endoscopic findings underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for confirmative diagnosis and treatment. Results. The final pathologic diagnoses of the ESD specimens were as follows: low-grade dysplasia in 3 patients (9.7%); high-grade dysplasia in 2 patients (6.5%); adenocarcinoma in 15 patients (48.4%); and a benign lesion in 11 patients (35.5%). Cases with adenocarcinoma included nine well-differentiated lesions, four moderately differentiated lesions, and two lesions with signet ring cell carcinoma. The complete en bloc resection rate for neoplastic lesions was 95.0%, and the incidence rates of ESD-related bleeding and perforation were 5.0% and 5.0%, respectively. Conclusion. ESD can be considered an effective and safe alternative therapeutic and diagnostic tool for gastric lesions in cases where the forceps biopsy pathology is discrepant from the endoscopic findings. The overall final neoplastic diagnosis rate after ESD was 64.5%, and ESD should be performed for lesions with red coloration and friability.     

The diagnostic role of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric lesions with indefinite pathology

Abstract

Objective. Endoscopic forceps biopsy is a fundamental modality for the histologic diagnosis of gastric neoplasms. However, the pathologic findings are not always concordant with the endoscopic interpretations. Currently, repeat endoscopic biopsy is the only way to manage lesion of indefinite pathology such as Category 2 according to the revised Vienna classification. We aimed to elucidate the role of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in clarifying the final pathologic diagnosis. Method. Among the 2304 gastric ESD cases, a total of consecutive 30 patients with 31 lesions (1.3%) that had a forceps biopsy with indefinite pathology discrepant from the endoscopic findings underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for confirmative diagnosis and treatment. Results. The final pathologic diagnoses of the ESD specimens were as follows: low-grade dysplasia in 3 patients (9.7%); high-grade dysplasia in 2 patients (6.5%); adenocarcinoma in 15 patients (48.4%); and a benign lesion in 11 patients (35.5%). Cases with adenocarcinoma included nine well-differentiated lesions, four moderately differentiated lesions, and two lesions with signet ring cell carcinoma. The complete en bloc resection rate for neoplastic lesions was 95.0%, and the incidence rates of ESD-related bleeding and perforation were 5.0% and 5.0%, respectively. Conclusion. ESD can be considered an effective and safe alternative therapeutic and diagnostic tool for gastric lesions in cases where the forceps biopsy pathology is discrepant from the endoscopic findings. The overall final neoplastic diagnosis rate after ESD was 64.5%, and ESD should be performed for lesions with red coloration and friability.     

Yield of tissue sampling for subepithelial lesions evaluated by EUS: a comparison between forceps biopsies and endoscopic submucosal resection

BACKGROUND: In most circumstances, subepithelial tumors lack distinct endoscopic and ultrasonographic features. Consequently, definitive diagnosis usually requires tissue acquisition and pathologic confirmation. Establishing a tissue diagnosis is difficult because the yield of forceps biopsies is low. However, prospective data evaluating tissue sampling techniques for subepithelial lesions are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to prospectively determine the diagnostic yield of endoscopic submucosal-mucosal resection (ESMR) compared with forceps biopsy for lesions limited to the submucosa (third endosonographic layer) of the GI tract. DESIGN: A prospective head-to-head comparison was performed. SETTING: The study was performed in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS: Study patients were 23 adults with subepithelial lesions limited to the submucosa. INTERVENTION: All submucosal lesions underwent forceps biopsy followed by endoscopic submucosal resection. Biopsy specimens were obtained with large-capacity "jumbo" forceps. A total of 4 double passes (8 biopsy specimens) were collected from each lesion with use of the bite-on-bite technique. Endoscopic resection was then performed with an electrosurgical snare or cap-fitted endoscopic mucosal resection device. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The main outcome measurement was the diagnostic yield of biopsy forceps compared with endoscopic submucosal resection. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients with lesions limited to the submucosa were identified by endoscopic ultrasonography. All lesions underwent forceps biopsy followed by ESMR. The diagnostic yield of the jumbo forceps biopsy was 4 of 23 (17%), whereas the diagnostic yield of ESMR was 20 of 23 (87%) (P = .0001, McNemar test). CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of subepithelial lesions limited to the submucosa, ESMR has a significantly higher diagnostic yield than jumbo forceps biopsy with use of the bite-on-bite technique.