翼点联合额下入路显微手术切除巨大侵袭性垂体腺瘤19例报告

目的 探讨翼点联合额下入路显徽手术切除巨大侵袭性垂体腺瘤的临床价值.方法 对19例巨大侵袭性垂体腺瘤采用经翼点及额下联合入路一期手术治疗.结果 全切除4例,次全切除5例,大部或部分切除10例.术后视力明显改善或痊愈9例,好转8例,无改善1例,1例术后因并发症死亡.肿瘤复发1例.结论 选择合适病例采用一次性联合入路显微手术切除巨大侵袭性垂体腺瘤,可以提高手术切除率,降低病死率和致残率,是治疗巨大侵袭性垂体腺瘤较佳术式.     

经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术治疗体会

目的探讨经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术治疗。方法对32例垂体腺瘤患者经鼻蝶入路肿瘤切除治疗。结果所有32例患者经手术治疗均获手术成功,肿瘤全切21例,次全切7例,部分切除4例,全部治愈。结论经蝶手术切除是大多数垂体肿瘤的首选治疗方法,对于肿瘤微小可完整切除。如果肿瘤巨大位于鞍隔以上者,也可通过经蝶入路将肿瘤切除,术后进行放射治疗。     

显微切除垂体腺瘤三种手术入路的选择

目的探讨垂体腺瘤手术入路的选择及术中处理要点。方法回顾分析45例垂体腺瘤患者的临床表现、影像学检查、内分泌激素检查和手术入路的选择,其中23例经额下入路,10例经翼点入路,12例经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路。结果经显微手术全切除24例,次全切除12例,部分切除9例,术后无死亡。结论垂体腺瘤的手术方式及入路选择应根据肿瘤的性质、大小、质地、生长方向及与周围重要的神经血管的关系而定。     

显微切除垂体腺瘤三种手术入路的选择

目的探讨垂体腺瘤手术入路的选择及术中处理要点。方法回顾分析45例垂体腺瘤患者的临床表现、影像学检查、内分泌激素检查和手术入路的选择，其中23例经额下入路，10例经翼点入路，12例经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路。结果经显微手术全切除24例，次全切除12例，部分切除9例，术后无死亡。结论垂体腺瘤的手术方式及入路选择应根据肿瘤的性质、大小、质地、生长方向及与周围重要的神经血管的关系而定。     

经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微手术切除垂体腺瘤36例

目的探讨经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微手术治疗36例垂体腺瘤的方法和效果。方法回顾性总结经蝶入路显微切除36例垂体腺瘤病人的病例资料。微腺瘤17例,大腺瘤13例,巨大腺瘤6例。结果手术全切除28例,大部分切除4例,部分切除3例,活检1例。病人视力、视野及内分泌功能术后均有改善。结论经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤是一种安全、可行的治疗方法。     

分期手术切除巨大型垂体腺瘤

目的 探讨经颅入路与经蝶窦入路分期切除不同生长方式的巨大型垂体腺瘤的手术方法及临床意义.方法 回顾性分析行经颅与经蝶窦入路分期手术的15例巨大型垂体腺瘤患者的临床表现、影像学特点及手术方案,研究不同形态及生长方式的手术疗效.本组病例根据生长方式的不同分为:(1)单纯向上呈葫芦形生长经额下入路及经蝶窭人路手术者5例.(2)向鞍上及鞍旁生长经翼点入路及经蝶窦人路手术者7例.(3)向第三脑室及侧脑室内生长经侧脑室入路及经蝶窦入路手术者3例.二次手术间隔时间l～3个月,均采用显微外科.结果 其中肿瘤全切除9例.次全切除4例,大部切除2例,无死亡病例.结论 手术前根据病史和影像学资料、肿瘤的形态及生长方式、所累及的解剖腔隙和重要结构,选择合理的分期手术方法,才能取得较好的临床治疗效果.     

分期手术切除巨大型垂体腺瘤

目的探讨经颅入路与经蝶窦入路分期切除不同生长方式的巨大型垂体腺瘤的手术方法及临床意义。方法回顾性分析行经颅与经蝶窦入路分期手术的15例巨大型垂体腺瘤患者的临床表现、影像学特点及手术方案，研究不同形态及生长方式的手术疗效。本组病例根据生长方式的不同分为：（1）单纯向上呈葫芦形生长经额下入路及经蝶窦入路手术者5例。（2）向鞍上及鞍旁生长经翼点入路及经蝶窦入路手术者7例。（3）向第三脑室及侧脑室内生长经侧脑室入路及经蝶窦入路手术者3例。二次手术间隔时间1～3个月，均采用显微外科。结果其中肿瘤全切除9例，次全切除4例，大部切除2例，无死亡病例。结论手术前根据病史和影像学资料、肿瘤的形态及生长方式、所累及的解剖腔隙和重要结构，选择合理的分期手术方法，才能取得较好的临床治疗效果。     

单侧鼻孔经蝶微侵袭垂体腺瘤手术治疗

目的　总结单侧鼻孔经蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的手术经验及体会。方法　对 115例垂体腺瘤病人采用经单鼻孔蝶窦入路行显微镜下垂体腺瘤切除手术 ,其中垂体微腺瘤 7例 ,大腺瘤 79例 ,巨大腺瘤 2 9例 (其中累及海绵窦者 6例 ,肿瘤卒中 2例 )。结果　 10 0例肿瘤获全切 ,目前4例复发 ,其中 3例二次手术 ,10例大部切除 ,5例部分切除。所有病人术后内分泌症状均有不同程度改善。术后尿崩症 15例 ,经治疗出院时均恢复正常 ,1例术后单眼视力较术前明显下降 ,脑脊液鼻漏 2例 ,术后嗅觉丧失 2例。结论　此入路有手术距离缩短、损伤小、省时、简单、并发症少等优点。     

经蝶窦入路显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤30例

目的 观察经蝶窦入路显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤的效果.方法 回顾性分析经蝶窦入路显微手术治疗的30例垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料,其中25例采用经唇下鼻中隔-蝶窦入路,5例经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路.结果 肿瘤全切除22例,大部分切除7例,部分切除1例.术后一过性尿崩症12例,脑脊液鼻漏6例,无死亡病例.结论 经蝶窦入路显微手术路径短、术后并发症少、恢复快,是治疗垂体腺瘤的理想方法.     

神经内镜经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤38例疗效观察

目的探讨神经内镜下经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤临床效果。方法38例垂体腺瘤患者均行CT和MRI检查证实,采用单鼻孔-蝶窦入路,单纯神经内镜下切除垂体腺瘤。结果随访时间3~24个月,本组患者内分泌症状得到不同程度改善。肿瘤全切35例(92.1%),其余3例(7.9%)显示肿瘤部分残留,术后无死亡病例。结论神经内镜下经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤技术是一种安全、有效、并发症少的微侵袭手术方法,值得临床应用。     

Minimally invasive surgical techniques in the treatment of pituitary and peripituitary tumors: experience with the paraseptal approach

INTRODUCTION: The direct endonasal, paraseptal approach, performed with the aid of an operating microscope, for removal of pituitary and peripituitary tumors has the potential advantage over the traditional sublabial, transseptal routes of minimizing postoperative rhinological complications, yet maintaining a high degree of efficacy and safety. Combination of this approach with the endoscope or neuronavigation may improve the effectiveness of the operation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between June, 2000 and June, 2003 two hundred and seventeen patients underwent 221 paraseptal operations for tumor removal at the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest. To asses the effectiveness of this procedure, duration of the operation, tumor remission rates and surgical complications as well as postoperative complaints of patients were reviewed. Surgical remission rates for pituitary adenomas were as follows: 94% for microadenomas, 67% for macroadenomas and 29% for giant adenomas. There were five surgical complications and no operative deaths. Ten out of 12 patients, who had undergone transseptal surgery previously, preferred the endonasal approach in terms of pain and ease of recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The direct paraseptal route for pituitary and pericellar tumor removal has an efficacy and complication rates comparable to those of the transseptal and sublabial routes. Patients generally recovered rapidly from this minimally invasive procedure and had no or minimal sinonasal complaints. For patients requiring a repeated operation, the paraseptal route appears to be less painful and easier to recover from, than the transseptal route.     

三维CT血管造影对颅内肿瘤外科诊治价值

目的　探讨三维CT血管造影 ( 3D -CTA)在颅内肿瘤外科诊治的价值及适应证。方法　颅内肿瘤患者 30例(包括脑膜瘤 16例、胶质瘤 4例、垂体腺瘤 3例、听神经瘤 4例、血管母细胞瘤 2例、皮样囊肿 1例 ) ,术前 3D -CTA检查 ,以容积重建法 (VR)及最大强度投影法 (MIP)法等作图像三维重建处理 ,模拟手术入路。结果　本组所有病例3D -CTA图像均可较清楚地显示肿瘤的生长部位、形态、大小等 ;并立体地将肿瘤与血管、颅骨及周围结构呈现 ,与手术及病理检查吻合 ,与MRI诊断效能一致。结论　 3D -CTA能作MRI的补充 ,对颅内肿瘤诊断及鉴别诊断、设计手术入路等有独到和重要的意义     

神经内镜手术切除侵袭型巨大垂体腺瘤七例体会

目的探讨侵袭型巨大垂体腺瘤神经内镜手术适应证、手术切除过程中风险规避以及手术技巧。方法回顾性分析经鼻蝶神经内镜手术切除61例垂体腺瘤患者中7例侵袭型巨大垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料。结果全切除肿瘤1例，次全切除6例均侵袭海绵窦，其中5例切除肿瘤后均见鞍膈，2例未见鞍膈下落。手术时间平均100min。无术中输血患者。术后术区血肿2例，1例术后36h死亡，1例进行内镜下血肿切除术后痊愈。结论伴随神经内镜技术的发展，对于手术适应证的选择有了新的变化，对于侵袭型巨大垂体腺瘤的手术治疗，神经内镜技术为我们提供了一次性手术切除的可能，该方法是安全的，可以避免出现灾难性后果。     

垂体瘤的影像学诊断及评优

目的：探讨如何运用影像学检查方法对垂体瘤做出正确及早期的诊断。方法：对42例经手术和病理证实的垂体瘤病例进行回顾性分析，研究其临床及影像学表现。结果：大腺瘤（直径大于10mm）30例，以无功能性腺瘤多（占63．3％），微腺癌（直径不大于10mm）12例，以功能性腺瘤多（占91．7％）。微腺瘤直接征象为垂体内CT低密度或MRI（T1W1）低信号。CT和MRI增强后将显著提高低密度或低信号的显示率。大腺瘤增强后均有不同程度的强化。CT和MRI增强对于显示肿瘤的部位、大小、范围、鞍旁结构的受侵情况均有很高的价值。结论：对临床疑似病例，MRI行Gd—D1PA增强扫描可作为诊断垂体瘤的首选影像检查方法。     

神经导航在经蝶垂体腺瘤显微切除术中的应用

目的探讨神经导航系统在经蝶垂体腺瘤显微切除术中的应用价值。方法对21例垂体腺瘤患者实施导航指引的经蝶入路手术。结果神经导航系统能准确指引手术进行,术中无一例损伤颈内动脉等重要结构,术后患者临床症状均有所改善,并发症少。结合术中镜下所见、术后复查影像及随访资料,肿瘤全切率达90.5%,复发率仅4.8%。结论经蝶入路的垂体瘤导航手术能提供实时的三维解剖信息,准确指导手术进行,安全性好,肿瘤全切除率高,并发症少。     

Staged repair of giant recurrent omphalocele and gastroschesis "camel-litter method"-a new technique

The aim of this article is to present a new Technique of giant omphaloceles repair in neonatal period and also later in life in patients that the primary repair has been failed. From 1999 to 2006, seven consecutive children (male/female ratio 0.4) with giant omphalocele (n=6) and Gastroschesis (n=2) were underwent this new operation in our center. In this technique, there were two operations. The mean of hospital stay was 38 days (range, 23-42 days), and full enteral feeding was achieved on the 8 to 25 postoperative day (Mean, 14 day). The final closure, in all patients was achieved between the 14 to 32 days after the first operation (Mean, 21 day). Mechanical ventilation was necessary for the mean of 5 days (range, 2-8 days). All patients are alive and have no complication due to the operation (1 month-7 years). Giant omphalocele and Gastroschesis can be safely repaired. The placement of an intraperitoneal tissue expander and traction of abdominal muscles can create the needed space for closure in several weeks in patients with giant omphalocele/ Gastroschesis.     

腹腔镜辅助手术治疗巨大卵巢囊肿18例分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助手术治疗巨大卵巢囊肿的方法和可行性。方法:对18例巨大卵巢囊肿患者行腹腔镜辅助手术治疗,镜下行囊肿穿刺抽吸囊液,经11 mm Trocar切口将囊壁牵拉出腹腔外处理,根据病情行囊肿剥除术或附件切除术。结果:18例患者均在腹腔镜辅助下完成手术,术中未发生任何并发症,术中出血(50.3±10.2)ml,平均手术时间(51.3±12.3)min,术后平均住院日(3.4±1.6)天。结论:在严格选择病例的前提下进行腹腔镜辅助手术治疗巨大卵巢囊肿,创伤小、术后恢复快,有较大的应用价值。     

成年人骶前肿瘤的临床特点及外科治疗方法的选择

目的探讨成年人骶前肿瘤的临床特点及外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2007—2012年诊治的24例成年人骶前肿瘤的临床特点及治疗措施。所有患者术前均行直肠指检及影像学检查明确定位诊断,经旁骶尾入路17例,经腹入路4例,经腹经骶联合入路3例。结果切口一期愈合22例,术后并发切口感染2例,经换药后治愈。无围手术期死亡病例。24例中有20例术后随访3—17个月,1例经腹入路患者术后复发,再行手术切除治愈。结论直肠指检、影像学检查是成年人骶前肿瘤的主要诊断方法,可指导手术方式,大多数肿瘤都可以采用经旁骶尾入路切除。     

Gonadotroph cell pituitary adenomas in males

BACKGROUND: Considered exceptional in the past, gonadotroph cell pituitary adenomas account for 3.5-6.4% of total surgically excised pituitary adenomas when examined with immunospecific staining. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, hormonal, radiological and immunohistochemical features, the management and the follow-up of our patients with gonadotroph adenoma. METHODS: In this retrospective study we describe 14 male subjects aged 19-70 yrs affected by gonadotroph cell pituitary adenomas; the patients were studied by hormonal, radiological and immunohistochemical investigations and followed up for 3-13 yrs by ambulatory and/or hospitalized care. RESULTS: Visual impairment and/or decreased libido and erectile dysfunction were the symptoms at presentation. Increased serum gonadotropin concentrations were shown in 3 patients. Reduced levels of testosterone were present in 9 patients, and normal in the remainder. At diagnosis all patients had pituitary macroadenomas, with wide extrasellar extension in 12. All patients underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery and immunohistochemical staining of surgically excised specimens showed the presence of gonadotroph and alpha-subunit cells in all pituitary adenomas. After surgery 3 patients had clear radiological evidence of normal pituitary; in the others a doubtful MRI picture or a residual adenomatous tissue were present. In the patients who did not undergo radiotherapy immediately after surgery, a regrowth of tumoral tissue was shown in 1-10 yrs. CONCLUSIONS: We stress the importance of a close follow-up of patients with gonadotroph adenomas after surgery, and we raise the question of whether radiotherapy may be useful for avoiding any further adenomatous regrowth.