长托宁用于腹部外科术前准备的临床观察

目的：观察选择性M-受体拮抗剂长托宁用于腹部外科术前准备的临床效果。方法：选取腹部外科择期手术69例，随机分为3组（每组23例）：对照组（Ⅰ组），不应用术前药；阿托品组（Ⅱ组）和长托宁组（Ⅲ组），分别于麻醉诱导前30min肌肉注射阿托品或长托宁0．01mg／kg。记录用药后诱导前患者口腔干燥程度，气管插管后5min至术毕拔管时气道分泌物量及心率。结果：用药后Ⅱ组患者的心率明显高于Ⅲ组和Ⅰ组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。诱导前至气管插管后2h，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组患者的气道分泌物明显少于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）。术毕拔管时，Ⅱ组患者的气道分泌物则多于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。结论：选择性新型M-受体拮抗剂长托宁用于腹部外科手术术前用药临床效果优于阿托品。     

不同剂量及途径应用长托宁的效果观察

目的观察不同剂量及途径应用长托宁的临床效果及其安全性。方法160例择期全麻手术病人,根据麻醉前用药均分为8组:Ⅰ组肌注长托宁0.5mg;Ⅱ组肌注长托宁1.0mg;Ⅲ组肌注阿托品0.5mg;Ⅳ组肌注东莨菪碱0.3mg;Ⅴ组静注长托宁1.0mg;Ⅵ组静注阿托品0.5mg;Ⅶ组静注东莨菪碱0.3mg;Ⅷ组静注生理盐水1.0ml。观察用药前、后30分钟心率、血压、口干、术中从气道吸引出分泌物、以及药物副作用等情况。结果Ⅰ～Ⅳ各组药物肌注后血压无明显变化(P>0.05),Ⅲ组肌注阿托品后心率稍有升高(P<0.05)。Ⅵ、Ⅶ组静注阿托品、东莨菪碱后心率、血压升高(P<0.01),但Ⅴ组静注长托宁后心率、血压无明显变化。Ⅰ～Ⅶ各组药物肌注或静注后口干明显,与Ⅷ组相比,P<0.01。Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组术中、术毕拔管时从口腔、气管内吸引出分泌物量与Ⅷ组相比,P<0.05;而Ⅱ、Ⅴ组与Ⅷ组相比,P<0.01。未发现有关长托宁的药物副作用。结论临床剂量长托宁(1.0mg疗效更佳)具有明显抑制气道腺体分泌作用,且对心率无影响,应用范围广,毒副作用少。     

长托宁用于小儿氯胺酮辅助骶管麻醉中的临床观察

目的：观察长托宁与阿托品作为麻醉前用药在小儿氯胺酮麻醉中对血压、心率的影响。方法：50例3~8岁ASAⅠ级患儿随机分为长托宁组和阿托品组,分别静脉注射长托宁0.01 mg/kg和阿托品0.01mg/kg,15 min后给予氯胺酮后行骶管麻醉,监测患儿心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MBP）和血氧饱和度（SpO2）。结果：两组患儿给予麻醉前用药后,长托宁组心率无明显改变（P〉0.05）,阿托品组心率明显增快（P〈0.05）,两组相比有显著性差异。结论：长托宁作为麻醉前用药用于小儿氯胺酮麻醉能够更好地维持术中心率和血压的稳定,是一种更安全、理想的小儿全麻术前用药。     

长托宁和东莨菪碱用于小儿氯胺酮全麻术前药的效果观察

目的观察长托宁和东莨菪碱术前用药在小儿氯胺酮麻醉中对血压、心率、体温和腺体分泌的影响。比较长托宁和东莨菪碱作为小儿氯胺酮全麻术前用药的有效性和安全性。方法 40例ASAⅠ级4～8岁患儿随机分为P组（长托宁组n=20）和S组（东莨菪碱组n=20）,患儿均行氯胺酮静脉全麻,P组术前肌肉注射长托宁0.01 mg/kg,S组术前肌肉注射东莨菪碱0.01mg/kg,分别记录各观察时段的MAP、HR、体温和患儿咽部唾液分泌量的变化。结果 S组术前给药后心率明显增快、血压和体温升高,与基础值比较有差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而两组咽部唾液分泌量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论长托宁作为小儿氯胺酮全麻术前药,具有不影响心率、血压和体温无明显影响等优点。     

小剂量氯胺酮复合右美托咪定预防瑞芬太尼麻醉后急性疼痛的临床观察

目的观察小剂量氯胺酮复合右美托咪定对瑞芬太尼麻醉后急性疼痛的预防作用。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级腹部大中手术全麻病人80例,随机双盲分为三组：Ⅰ组35例（手术结束前30min静脉注射氯胺酮0.5mg/kg、术中复合右美托咪定）,Ⅱ组35例（手术结束前30min静脉注射氯胺酮0.8 mg/kg、术中复合右美托咪定）,Ⅲ组10例（对照组）。结果三组病例麻醉苏醒期指标无统计学差异,说明氯胺酮复合右美托咪定对病人麻醉苏醒影响不大;瑞芬太尼麻醉后NRS评分,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论两组小剂量氯胺酮复合右美托咪定对瑞芬太尼麻醉后急性疼痛均有良好的预防效果。     

长托宁用于新生儿普通外科麻醉前用药的临床研究

目的观察长托宁用于新生儿麻醉前用药的效果和安全性。方法选择新生儿患者30例，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级随机分为两组：长托（I组n=15），阿托品组（Ⅱ组n=15）。所有病人麻醉前10min分别静脉注射长托宁0．2mg／kg，阿托品0．02mg／kg，观察并记录给药前，给药后10min，手术结束时心率（HR）及唾液分泌量，术后拔管时喉痉挛的发生率，术后6h恶心、呕吐发生率。结果Ⅰ组给药前后HR无明显差异（P〉0．05），Ⅱ组给药前后HR明显升高（P〈0．01），口腔分泌物量Ⅰ组日月显〈Ⅱ组，喉痉挛发生率Ⅰ组〈Ⅱ组（P〈0．05），术后6h内恶心、呕吐发生率Ⅰ组〈Ⅱ组（P〈O．05）。结论长托宁用于婴幼儿眼科手术麻醉前用药安全有效且不良反应发生率低。     

长托宁、阿托品、氯胺酮在小儿麻醉前用药比较

目的比较长托宁、阿托品术前用药对小儿氯胺酮麻醉中的优缺点.方法50例4～8岁患儿随机分两组,A组肌注长托宁0.01mg/kg(n=25例),B组肌注阿托品0.01mg/kg(n=25例),均行氯胺酮静脉麻醉,记录每组病人肌注药物前及30min后,开始麻醉时心率、血压的变化和评分,观察呼吸道分泌物情况,评分两组患者在麻醉苏醒期的精神意识恢复过程.结果给长托宁组30min后血压、心率基本不变,无显著性意义(P＞0.05),给阿托品组肌注30min后心率加快,血压升高,(P＜0.05).A组抑制患儿呼吸道分泌物明显好于B组.麻醉苏醒期意识评分结果提示A组患儿氯胺酮精神方面副作用发生率和发作程度显著低于B组.结论长托宁对心率的影响弱于阿托品;长托宁可抑制腺体分泌更完善,更适合小儿氯胺酮麻醉前用药.     

小儿氯胺酮麻醉前静脉注射长托宁与阿托品的对比研究

目的比较麻醉前静脉注射长托宁和阿托品对氯胺酮麻醉儿外科手术术前用药的临床效果。方法 60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级儿外科手术患儿随机分为Ⅰ组(长托宁组,n=30)和Ⅱ组(阿托品组n=30);氯胺酮静脉麻醉前10 min.静注研究药物0.01 mg/kg,记录HR、MAP、SpO_2的变化和唾液分泌量,术后恶心、呕吐不良反应发生率。结果长托宁组心率显著低于阿托品组,与基础值比较无显著差异。长托宁组唾液分泌物量及术后恶心、呕吐发生率显著低于阿托品组。结论长托宁有稳定心率和减少围术期唾液腺分泌的显著作用,可降低术后恶心呕吐发生率,更适合作为小儿氯胺酮麻醉前用药。     

长托宁与东莨菪碱在小儿氯胺酮麻醉中的临床观察

目的;观察长托宁、东莨菪碱术前用药在小儿氯胺酮麻醉中对血压、心率的影响及抑制呼吸道分泌物的效果。方法：40例2～7岁患儿随机分为长托宁组和东莨菪碱组,均行氯胺酮静脉麻醉,记录各个时点的平均动脉压、心率及血氧饱和度,并吸取口腔内分泌物。结果：给术前用药后东莨菪碱组心率明显增快,血压升高（P〈0．05）,长托宁组血压、心率基本不变;氯胺酮麻醉后,东莨菪碱组心率显著增快,血压显著升高（P〈0．01）,长托宁组血压、心率虽有所上升,但并不显著（P〉0．05）。两组均有很好的抑制呼吸道分泌物的作用。结论：长托宁比东莨菪碱更适合小儿氯胺酮麻醉的术前用药。     

长托宁与阿托品术前给药的临床观察

目的比较观察麻醉前应用长托宁和阿托品对病人心率、血压、腺体分泌的影响。方法随机选择40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级全麻下择期手术病人,随机分为A组（阿托品组）20例,B组（长托宁组）20例。分别于麻醉前30分钟肌注阿托品0.5mg。长托宁1mg。结果两组患者的心率、血压数值进行比较。阿托品组给药后明显高于给药前。长托宁组给药前后无显著性差异。长托宁组有较强抑制唾液分泌作用。结论长托宁有效控制麻醉期间气道分泌物,对心血管系统无明显兴奋作用,可作为手术前用药的较好选择。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.