郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症的病理诊断

探讨病理检查在郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症的诊断中的作用。收集我院1991-2001年间收治的诊断为小儿郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症共76例住院病人的资料总结分析。结果，76例病人67例依据皮疹印片或病理活检诊断(88．2％)，1例依据骨髓检查诊断，其余依据临床和依据临床和影像学检查诊断。皮疹印片18例，12例阳性；55例行病理检查，取材自皮肤、淋巴结、肿物(包括腹腔、头部、纵隔肿物)及骨损处穿刺或刮除物检查，找到郎格罕组织细胞；25例行S-100检查，24例阳性(96％)。39例行骨髓检查仅l例示组织细胞明显增加，其余示增生骨髓象或增生减低。结果表明：病理检查是郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症的确诊的唯一手段。皮疹印片对LS病的诊断有特殊意义，骨髓检查诊断价值有限。HSC及EGB的病人诊断有赖于病灶局部肿物、淋巴结活检或病损骨组织的病理检查，S-100阳性有助于对不确定病例的诊断及提高诊断的可信度。     

组织细胞增生症X13例

组织细胞增生症X多发生在小儿,病理上以分化较好的组织细胞增生为其共同特点。现将所见13例报告如下。诊断依据:1.典型临床表现 发热,皮疹,肝脾肿大;2.皮疹印片、骨髓、淋巴结活检可见网状细胞;3.头部、胸部、脊椎X线摄片具特征性变化。本组勒雪病7例分别有皮疹印片见成堆组织细胞增生或淋巴结活检见组织细胞增生,     

郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症评估与治疗指南介绍

2009年4月国际组织细胞协会发布了《郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症评估与治疗指南》(以下简称"指南")[1],对于郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)的诊断、评估和治疗规范提出了新的建议,介绍如下.一、LCH病理诊断标准1987年国际组织细胞协会的《郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症病理诊断标准》中,确诊指标中的金标准有"电镜检查发现病变细胞内含Birbeck颗粒",由于近年来发现郎格素(langerin,CD207)表达阳性可以代表Birbeck颗粒,所以郎格素具有与Birbeck颗粒相同的确诊意义.因此,在新版"指南"中规定,上述两者具备其中1项即可确诊."指南"认为,只有在颈椎的扁平椎或齿状突( odontoid peg)孤立性受累、无软组织受累的LCH患者,由于活检风险大于组织诊断的需要,可以将Birbeck颗粒作为必需项目.     

郎格罕氏组织细胞增生症超微结构的观察(附一例报告)

郎格罕氏组织细胞增生症超微结构的观察（附一例报告）黄丽莉，疗宁广西医科大学一附院儿科郎格罕氏组织细胞增生症原名组织细胞增生症Ｘ，１９８５年国际组织细胞协会根据本症病理特点，主要是Ｌａｎｇｅｒｈａｎｓ细胞浸润，而改名为郎格罕氏组织细胞增生症。过去本病主...     

特殊类型郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症一例报导

特殊类型郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症一例报导支文靖北京铁路总医院郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症（Ｌａｎｇｅｒ－ｈａｎｓＣｅｌｌＨｉｓｔｉｏｃｙｔｏｓｉｓ，ＬＣＨ）原名为组织细胞增生症Ｘ（ＨＸ），是一种反应性非肿瘤性增殖性疾患。是一种少见的但又多发于小儿时期的疾...     

以噬血细胞综合征为首发表现的儿童郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症2例报告

郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(Langerhan’s cell histiocy-tosis,LCH)是一组病因不明,以郎格罕细胞为主的组织细胞在单核巨噬细胞系统广泛增殖、浸润为基本病理特征的疾病。此类细胞为良性,但生物学行为呈浸润生长,可累及骨与多个器官,好发于婴幼儿及儿童。此类疾病临床表     

郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症临床和实验研究

对近１０年的收治的１７８例组织细胞增生症Ｘ做了临床和实验研究。经免疫组织化学染色和超微结构检查，找到典型的Ｂｉｒｂｅｃｋ颗粒，确立本病为郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症。比较了传统分型和Ｌａｖｉｎａｎｄｏｓｂａｎｄ＇ｓ分级二种诊断方法，证明后者使诊断简单明确，有利于确立治疗方案和判断预后。采用联合化疗和系统追踪观察，使疗效明显提高，病死率下降。     

原发于鼻咽部的郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)1例

患儿 ,女 ,6岁 ,因“鼻塞 3个月 ,间断鼻衄 2个月”入院。当地医院依“鼻炎”治疗无效 ,3月来又先后于多家医院就诊 ,头颅CT、MRI示“右侧鼻咽部、颞下窝、蝶窝占位病变 ,左侧上颌窦、筛窦、乳突异常信号” ,诊为“鼻咽癌” ,行右侧鼻腔、鼻嗯、翼腭窝肿物切除术送病理可见郎格罕细胞 ,免疫组化S 1 0 0蛋白、CD1a阳性 ,诊断为“郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症”转入我院。入院后行上颌窦区CT平扫 :双侧副鼻窦炎 ,右侧颅底骨及蝶骨大翼可见大片骨缺损 ,右侧咽壁软组织影增厚 ,右乳突蜂房变密 ,鼓室变小。依据患儿有上颌窦、蝶窦、筛窦、乳突、…     

力欣奇继续医学教育园地——思考病例系列(2)答案

应完善检查:骨髓穿刺术、颈部淋巴结活检。检查结果:骨髓图像分析报告:增生性骨髓象,基本排除淋巴瘤等恶性疾病。颈部淋巴结活检病理报告:淋巴结结构部分保存,副皮质区扩大,散在不规则片状破碎样坏死,坏死灶内及其边缘处组织细胞增生,坏死区边缘免疫母细胞等转化性淋巴细胞增生,有些组织细胞有切迹(新月形组织细胞),有些组织细胞核扭曲,可见聚集成片的浆细胞样树突细胞。     

郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症研究进展及CD1a检测的应用

郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症 (Ｌａｎｇｅｒｈａｎｓｃｅｌｌｈｉｓｔｉｏｃｙｔｏｓｉｓ,ＬＣＨ)是包括一系列独特的临床表现但具有相同病理学特征的疾病。ＬＣＨ是郎格罕细胞 (Ｌａｎｇｅｒｈａｎｓｃｅｌｌ,ＬＣ)浸润所致 ,ＬＣＨ细胞来源于郎格罕细胞 ,它们均固定表达ＣＤ1ａ及胞浆内可见Ｂｉｒｂｅｃｋ颗粒。近来发现ＬＣＨ与病毒感染的相关性 ,ＬＣＨ细胞具有克隆生长特性。ＣＤ1ａ检测被公认为诊断ＬＣＨ的重要指标。本文就郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症作一综述。1 .历史回顾 :早于 1 983年ＡｌｆｒｅｄＨａｎｄＪｒ.就描述了一种被后人称…     

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of mediastinal node

The predominant clinical and radiological features of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) in children are due to osseous involvement. Extra-osseous disease is far less common, occurring in association with bone disease or in isolation. In the present study, LCH was presumptively diagnosed on Ultrasound guided Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the mediastinal lymph node in a 18 month-old child. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination of the biopsy material. S-100 protein localization in the LCH cells is often positive on immunohistochemistry.     

Systemic Form of Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: Report of a Case with Liver and Bone Marrow Involvement

Systemic form of juvenile xanthogranuloma with involvement of liver and bone marrow is reported in a 2-month-old female infant who presented with hepatosplenomegaly, severe anemia, and thrombocytopenia. There was no skin lesion, nor bone lesion. The enlarged liver has generalized yellowish spots. The diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma was made by pathologic findings of marrow and portal tract infiltration by S-100 negative, CD1a negative, CD68 positive, and Factor XIIIa positive large pale to foamy histiocytes with Touton giant cells, and lack of Langerhans cell granule by electron microscopic examination. The patient was treated with Vinblastine and Etoposide, and experienced slow and gradual disease regression in one year. To the best of knowledge, this is the first documented case of bone marrow involvement in systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma. published online December 6, 2004     

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??Objective To better understand the spectrum of the disease and to explore the clinical significance of diagnostic procedures in clinical application.Method The medical records of 349 children with diffuse parenchymal lung disease /interstitial lung disease admitted to Beijing Children’s hospital from July 2001 to September 2011 were studied retrospectively. The diagnostic approaches were applied??including the history ?? physical examination ?? non-invasive examination and invasive examination. Result The 321 cases were made specific diagnosis through the diagnostic procedures and 28 cases were unclassified. The classification of the 349 cases were as follows:146 cases were with primary lung diseases??14 cases were with lung disease secondary to systemic disease?? 161 cases had the lung disease of known causes?? and the 28 cases were unclassified.The 160/349??45.85%?? cases were diagnosed based on the noninvasive examination?? including all 147 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans??3 cases of hypersensitive pneumonitis??2 cases secondary to aspiration??2 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus?? 2 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis??1 case infected by CMV?? 1 case of Langerhans cell histocytosis??1 case of undifferentiated connective tissue disease and 1 case of Wegener's granulomatosis. The others were diagnosed by invasive examination?? including 2 cases of Langerhans cell histocytosis and 1 case of dermatomyositis by skin biopsies?? 1 case of Langerhans cell histocytosis by lymphaden biopsy ??all 113 cases of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis?? 2 cases of eosinophilic pneumonia and 2 cases of hypersensitive pneumonitis by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid??40 cases were diagnosied by the lung biopsy?? including 23 cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Conclusion Diffuse parenchymal lung disease in children is a heterogeneous group of respiratory disorders . Bronchiolitis obliterans?? idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia are the most common disease in the diffuse parenchymal lung disease of the children. The procedural diagnosis method could make specific diagnosis for 321/349??91.98%?? cases with parenchymal lung disease in this study. The 45.85% of whem are diagnosied by the noninvasive examination??and the other cases such as the idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and the idiopathic interstitial pneumonia were confirmed by the invasive method.     

Cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children under one year

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical course and outcome of infants with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involving skin and to estimate the incidence of progression to multi-system (M-S) disease in those with isolated skin involvement. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 22 LCH patients who were younger than 12 months at the onset of their skin eruption. RESULTS: Twelve patients had isolated skin involvement at diagnosis and 10 were evaluable for progression. Four of the 10 (40%) evaluable patients progressed to multi-system (M-S) disease. Of the 10 patients with M-S disease at diagnosis, 5 had a history of a preceding skin eruption 2 to 13 months prior to diagnosis. Eleven of the 14 (79%) patients with M-S disease had risk organ involvement. The mortality rate of M-S disease was 50%. CONCLUSIONS: It is important for primary caregivers to recognize that isolated cutaneous LCH in infants is not always a benign disorder. The diagnosis of self-healing cutaneous LCH should only be made in retrospect. Careful, albeit non-invasive, follow-up is recommended to monitor for disease progression and development of long-term complications.     

Pattern and course of single-system disease in Langerhans cell histiocytosis data from the DAL-HX 83- and 90-study

BACKGROUND: Single-system (SS) disease is the most common presentation in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with a heterogenous clinical picture and course. Mostly bone and rarely skin or lymph nodes are involved. PROCEDURE: One hundred and seventy patients with SS-LCH were registered in the DAL-HX 83/90 studies. They were diagnosed according to uniform diagnostic criteria and followed by a standardised schedule. RESULTS: Single bone lesions were most common (68%), followed by multiple bone lesions (19%), isolated skin disease (11%), and isolated lymph node involvement (4 patients). In the detection of bone lesions radiographic skeletal survey proved to be superior to bone scan (97% vs. 82%). Treatment comprised surgery, irradiation and local instillation of steroids, and standardised chemotherapy for multifocal bone disease. After initial therapy 81% of the patients remained disease free. Reactivations restricted to the skeleton occurred in 18% of both unifocal and multifocal bone disease. Two skin patients had a chronic course. Fatality occurred only in one infant with skin disease who progressed to multi-system disease. Twenty-five percent of all patients developed permanent consequences, which were already present at diagnosis in about half of these patients and comprised mainly orthopedic problems related to lesional sites. Diabetes insipidus occurred in 3% and anterior pituitary dysfunction in 2% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The course in SS%LCH was benign. In bone disease reactivations remained restricted to the skeleton and did not influence survival. However, reactivations had an impact on morbidity, as permanent consequences were mostly related to the site of disease activity. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:108-114.     

From idiopathic diabetes insipidus to neurodegenerative Langerhans cell histiocytosis--an unusual presentation and progression of disease

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is rare in childhood and has a wide-ranging aetiology including the involvement of uncontrolled proliferation of dendritic cells in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, characteristic of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). DI may manifest as a sequela of multisystem LCH disease involving skin, bone, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. In very rare cases patients diagnosed with LCH exhibit neurodegenerative changes, such as severe ataxia, tremor, dysarthria and intellectual impairment. We report a 2 1/2-year-old boy who presented initially with apparent idiopathic DI, developed anterior pituitary hormone deficiency and progressive neurological deterioration secondary to neurodegenerative LCH.     

Simultaneous Occurrence of Viral-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case Report

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a class I histiocytosis characterized by the presence of the pathologic Langerhans cell, an unique histiocyte. In contrast to LCH, class II histiocytosis is characterized by the proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes other than Langerhans cells and includes sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, viral-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocylosis. Until now, these two classes have been considered separate, if related, entities. We report a 10-month-old girl who presented with pyrexia, hepatosplenomegaly, an edematous skin rash, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a markedly elevated serum IgG and IgM antibody level to cytomegalovirus. Histologic proof of both hemophagocytosis in the liver and bone marrow and LCH in the skin was obtained at presentation. The clinical course and response to treatment over 6.5 years is recorded. Although the etiology of both class I and class II histiocytosis remains unknown, we speculate that the monocytic/macrophage disorder, as well as the LCH, were both triggered by virus or viral-related monokines secreted by activated macrophages.     

Monoclonal Antibody MT1: A Marker for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cells and their pathologic counterparts can be identified in paraffin sections using immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein. This procedure is useful in confirming a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). However, many other cell types are also positive for S-100 protein. Positive staining for CD1 (Leu 6) supports a diagnosis of LCH, but requires frozen tissue. A panel of antibodies would be desirable in confirming a diagnosis of LCH, particularly if these antibodies could be used on paraffin-embedded material. We studied the pattern of staining for commercially available monoclonal antibodies MT1, MT2, MB2, and LN1, which were originally marketed as lymphocyte markers, using paraffin-embedded tissue sections of cases of LCH. In all 20 cases pathologic Langerhans cells stained positively with MT1 only. Various other S-100 protein-positive lesions were also examined with MT1 and were consistently negative for MT1. Other cutaneous histiocytic and mast cell lesions were positive with MT1, but S-100 protein negative. Our results demonstrate that the monoclonal antibody MT1 serves as an additional marker for LCH and, together with S-100 protein, would make up a diagnostic panel of antibodies for LCH to be used on routine paraffin-embedded sections.     

Monoclonal antibody MT1: a marker for Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Langerhans cells and their pathologic counterparts can be identified in paraffin sections using immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein. This procedure is useful in confirming a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). However, many other cell types are also positive for S-100 protein. Positive staining for CD1 (Leu 6) supports a diagnosis of LCH, but requires frozen tissue. A panel of antibodies would be desirable in confirming a diagnosis of LCH, particularly if these antibodies could be used on paraffin-embedded material. We studied the pattern of staining for commercially available monoclonal antibodies MT1, MT2, MB2, and LN1, which were originally marketed as lymphocyte markers, using paraffin-embedded tissue sections of cases of LCH. In all 20 cases pathologic Langerhans cells stained positively with MT1 only. Various other S-100 protein-positive lesions were also examined with MT1 and were consistently negative for MT1. Other cutaneous histiocytic and mast cell lesions were positive with MT1, but S-100 protein negative. Our results demonstrate that the monoclonal antibody MT1 serves as an additional marker for LCH and, together with S-100 protein, would make up a diagnostic panel of antibodies for LCH to be used on routine paraffin-embedded sections.     

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the sphenoid sinus: a case report

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), previously known as histiocytosis X, is a rare disorder characterized by clonal proliferation and excess accumulation of pathologic Langerhans cells causing local or systemic effects. Bone is the most common organ involved and a single skull lesion is the most frequent presentation of childhood LCH. However, sphenoid sinus is an uncommon condition of involvement in LCH. Here we report a case of LCH in the sphenoid sinus, which occurred in a seven-year-old girl who presented initially with headache. The girl had suffered from headache for one month before she went to an otorhinolaryngologist one week before. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lesion of inflammatory granuloma. Surgery was performed and the disease was diagnosed pathologically as single-site LCH via hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining.