扩散敏感因子800时乳腺良恶性病变ADC界值的确定

目的：确定扩散敏感因子为800s/mm^2时乳腺良恶性病变的ADC界值,评价MR扩散加权成像（DWI）对乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断的价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的70例（78个病灶）乳腺病变的DWI图像,其中良性病变26例（31个病灶）,恶性病变44例（47个病灶）。测量DWI图像上显示的病变表观扩散系数（ADC）值。通过ROC曲线确定ADC值的诊断阈值,并以此值进行鉴别诊断,同时计算ROC曲线下面积。结果：良恶性病变的ADC值均符合正态性分布,良恶性病变的ADC平均值分别为（1.46±0.26）×10^-3mm^2/s和（1.02±0.19）×10^-3mm^2/s,恶性病变的ADC值明显低于良性病变（P〈0.05）。约登指数最大法确定的ADC诊断阈值为1.28×10^-3mm^2/s,以此值进行鉴别诊断时的敏感度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为93.6%,75.9%,86.8%;阳性似然比最大法确定的ADC诊断阈值为1.035×103mm^2/s,以此值进行鉴别诊断时的敏感度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为46.8%,96.6%,65.8%;ROC曲线下面积为0.905（95%可信区间为0.836-0.975）。结论：扩散敏感因子为800s/mm^2时乳腺良恶性病变的ADC界值确定为1.28×10^-3mm^2/s,DWI的ADC值测定有助于乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断。     

磁共振动态增强联合扩散加权成像对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨磁共振动态增强（DCE-MRI）及扩散加权成像（DWI）对乳腺良恶性病变的定性诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的122例乳腺病变患者的临床和影像学资料，所有病例术前行双乳MRI检查。分析病灶的形状、边界、强化方式、早期强化率（EER）、时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）及表观扩散系数（ADC）值，参照Fischer评分标准对影像表现进行评分，根据乳腺影像报告与数据系统第5版（BI-RADS）进行分类诊断。与病理结果对照，计算DCE-MRI、DWI、DCE联合DWI对乳腺病变的诊断敏感度、特异度和符合率，并采用ROC曲线分析其诊断效能。结果：122例中恶性80例，良性42例。DCE-MRI诊断敏感度为87.5%，特异度87.5%，符合率86.9%。以恶性病变ADC值的95%可信区间上限1.225×10-3mm2/s作为鉴别诊断阈值，敏感度为85.7%，特异度78.9%，符合率83.6%。DCE联合DWI的诊断敏感度达93.8%，特异度90.5%，符合率92.6%。DCE联合DWI鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的AUC（0.915）高于单独诊断（0.866，0.855）。结论：DCE-MRI鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的诊断效能较高，DWI可提供辅助诊断信息，DCE与DWI联合诊断能明显提高对乳腺病变的术前定性诊断准确性。     

The Relationship Between ADC of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and SUV of 18F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Imaging in Lung Carcinoma

目的 研究肺癌MR扩散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)与PET/CT代谢成像标准摄取值(SUV)的相关性.方法 搜集本院行胸部MR DWI和PET/CT代谢成像的26例肺癌患者的影像资料,分别测量MR DWI和PET/CT代谢成像对应层面病变实质部分的ADC最小值(ADCmin)、ADC平均值(ADCmean)和SUV最大值(SUVmax)、SUV平均值(SUVmean),计算相对ADC(rADC)(ADCmin/ADCmean)和相对SUV( rSUV)(SUVmax/SUVmean),分析ADCmin与SUVmax,ADCmean与SUVmean以及rADC与rSUV之间的相关性.结果 26例肺癌MR DWI的ADCmin为(0.891±0.167)×10-3mm2/s,ADCmean为(1.244±0.351)×10-3mm2/s,rADC为0.74±0.14;PET/CT代谢成像SUVmax为10.5±4.6,SUVmean为5.6±1.8,rSUV为1.80±0.28.ADCmin与SUVmax没有相关性(P =0.207 ＞0.05),ADCmean与SUVmean没有相关性(P=0.331 ＞0.05),rADC与rSUV呈负相关性(P =0.021 ＜0.05),相关系数为-0.451.结论 肺癌的MR DWI rADC与PET/CT代谢成像rSUV存在一定的负相关性,ADC与SUV在肺癌的临床应用中可以互为补充.     

DWI联合CT对肺内良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨DWI联合CT对肺内良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法：搜集经病理或治疗后随诊证实的肺内病变共68例,其中恶性病变46例,良性病变22例,所有患者均在接受治疗及病理检查前行CT平扫+增强扫描及DWI检查,记录b值为800s/mm2时病变的平均表观扩散系数值（ADC值）,分析良、恶性病变的ADC值差异,计算ROC曲线下面积,判断ADC值的最佳阈值及鉴别诊断效能,对比分析单独使用CT与CT联合DWI的诊断效能。结果：肺内良性病变的平均ADC值为（1.712±0.293）×10-3mm2/s,恶性病变的平均ADC值为（1.219±0.138）×10-3mm2/s,良、恶性病变的平均ADC值差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ADC值的最佳诊断阈值为1.522×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线的曲线下面积最大（0.942）,对肺内良、恶性病变鉴别诊断的敏感度为72.7%,特异度为100%,诊断符合率为91.2%;CT对肺内良恶性病变的诊断符合率为88.2%,CT与DWI联合的诊断符合率为95.6%。结论：DWI联合CT可提高对肺内良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断符合率。     

肺癌MR扩散加权成像ADC与18F-FDG PET/CT代谢成像SUV的相关性研究

目的研究肺癌MR扩散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)与PET/CT代谢成像标准摄取值(SUV)的相关性。方法搜集本院行胸部MR DWI和PET/CT代谢成像的26例肺癌患者的影像资料,分别测量MRDWI和PET/CT代谢成像对应层面病变实质部分的ADC最小值(ADCmin)、ADC平均值(ADCmean)和SUV最大值(SUVmax)、SUV平均值(SUVmean),计算相对ADC(rADC)(ADCmin/ADCmean)和相对SUV(rSUV)(SUVmax/SUVmean),分析ADCmin与SUVmax,ADCmean与SUVmean以及rADC与rSUV之间的相关性。结果 26例肺癌MR DWI的ADCmin为(0.891±0.167)×10-3mm2/s,ADCmean为(1.244±0.351)×10-3mm2/s,rADC为0.74±0.14;PET/CT代谢成像SUVmax为10.5±4.6,SUVmean为5.6±1.8,rSUV为1.80±0.28。ADCmin与SUVmax没有相关性(P=0.207>0.05),ADCmean与SUVmean没有相关性(P=0.331>0.05),rADC与rSUV呈负相关性(P=0.021<0.05),相关系数为-0.451。结论肺癌的MR DWI rADC与PET/CT代谢成像rSUV存在一定的负相关性,ADC与SUV在肺癌的临床应用中可以互为补充。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肌肉骨骼良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在鉴别肌肉骨骼良恶性病变诊断中的应用价值。方法对65例肌骨系统病变患者(良性组23例,恶性组42例)行MRI常规T1加权成像、T2加权成像、抑脂T2加权成像及DWI检查,测量并分析两组病变间ADC值差异,采用接受者操作特征曲线判定良恶性鉴别诊断阈值,并计算ADC值对病变潜在恶性评估的敏感度、特异度、准确度。统计学分析均使用统计软件SPSS 19.0完成。结果165例患者中,良性病变组平均ADC值为(1.83±0.50)×10-3 mm2/s,恶性病变组平均ADC值为(1.04±0.36)×10-3 mm2/s,两组间有显著性统计学差异(P0.05);2以1.38×10-3 mm2/s为阈值,ADC值对肌骨病变潜在恶性评估的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为95.24%、95.65%、95.38%。结论 DWI可以较好地反映病变的弥散特征,ADC值作为量化指标对肌骨病变良恶性的鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

单b值磁共振DWI对肺部良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨单b值MR扩散加权成像对肺部良恶性病变的诊断意义.方法:56例肺结节患者(≥6 mm)行常规MRI及EPI-DWI(b=0、500 s/mm2)检查,所有病灶经病理证实,其中恶性40例,良性16例.以脊髓为参照物,将病灶在DWI图像上的信号强度(SI)分为5个等级:依次为明显低于脊髓、稍低于脊髓、与脊髓信号相同、稍高于脊髓和明显高于脊髓.同时测量病灶、脊髓和肌肉的SI和ADC值,计算SI病灶/SI脊髓(LSRSI)、SI病灶/SI~ (LMRSI)、ADC病灶/ADC脊髓(LSRADC)和ADC病灶/ADC肌肉 (LMRADC).采用Mann-Whitney U检验评价良恶性病灶SI评分、ADC值、LSRSI、LMRSI、LSRADC和LMRADC的差异,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验分析肺癌不同病理类型之间各参数的差异,采用ROC曲线评估上述各参数对肺部良恶病变的鉴别诊断效能.结果:①SI评分:恶性肿瘤SI评分均明显高于良性病变(P=0.005),以≥3.0分为阈值,SI评分诊断良恶性病变的的敏感度、特异度及符合率分别为67.5％、68.8％和67.9％;小细胞肺癌的SI评分明显高于非小细胞肺癌,而鳞癌、腺癌和其它类型恶性肿瘤之间SI评分的差异无统计学意义.②ADC、LSRSI、LMRSI、LSRADC和LMRADC值:良性病变依次为(1.91±0.70)×10-3mm2/s、0.67±0.42、1.27±0.80、0.83±0.27、1.13±0.41,恶性病变依次为(1.42±0.46)×10-3mm2/s、0.90±0.34、1.85±0.92、0.69±0.29和0.82±0.29,恶性病变的ADC、LSRADC和LMRADC值明显低于良性病变(P值分别为0.003、0.034和0.002),LSRSI、LMRSI明显高于良性病变(P值分别为0.022和0.025).③ADC值取1.6×10-3mm2/s时鉴别良恶性病变的诊断效能最优(诊断敏感度、特异度和符合率分别为80.0％、75.0％和78.6％).④小细胞肺癌的LSRI、LMRSI明显高于非小细胞肺癌(P＜0.05),腺癌与鳞癌之间各参数的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:DWI(b=500s/mm2)定量参数测量能够有效鉴别肺部良恶性病变,ADC值对鉴别肺部良恶性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性最高,但对不同病理类型肺癌的诊断鉴别诊断价值较小,信号强度评分、相对信号强度值对小细胞与非小细胞肺癌的鉴别诊断有一定价值.     

磁共振扩散加权成像对睾丸肿块的鉴别诊断价值

【摘要】目的:探讨扩散加权成像(DWI)对睾丸肿块的定量鉴别诊断价值。方法:搜集经病理证实的睾丸占位患者47例,其中恶性病变33例,良性病变14例,47例患者均行MRI平扫及DWI检查,其中27例行增强MRI检查。两位医师采用双盲法进行ADC值测量,一致性分析运用组内/组间相关系数,采用独立样本t检验及单因素方差分析比较不同病变的ADC值差异,ADC值对睾丸良恶性病变以及生殖细胞瘤的鉴别诊断效能采用受试者工作特性（ROC）曲线进行评价。结果：DWI图上13例病变呈均匀高信号,30例呈不均匀高信号,4例呈稍低信号;ADC图上37例病变呈均匀或混杂低信号,10例呈稍高或高信号;睾丸良、恶性病变之间的ADC值差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;性索-间质细胞瘤、炎性肉芽肿与恶性非精原细胞瘤两两之间的ADC值差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0.05）,精原细胞瘤、淋巴瘤与性索-间质细胞瘤、炎性肉芽肿、恶性非精原细胞瘤两两之间的ADC值差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;以ADC值=0.79×10-3mm2/s为阈值鉴别诊断睾丸病变的良、恶性并绘制ROC曲线,曲线下面积（AUC）为0.826,敏感度为100%,特异度为67.0%,准确度为76.6%;以ADC值=0.75×10-3mm2/s为阈值鉴别诊断精原细胞瘤与恶性非精原细胞瘤,曲线下面积（AUC）为0.706,敏感度为75.0%,特异度为75.0%,准确度为75.0%。结论:DWI及其ADC值对睾丸病变的术前鉴别诊断有一定价值。     

高b值DWI对前列腺癌和前列腺炎的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨高b值DWI对前列腺癌和前列腺炎的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法 26例经外科手术或穿刺、病理证实的前列腺疾病患者,其中前列腺癌15例,前列腺炎11例,所有患者于手术或穿刺前行MR扩散加权成像,b值选择1000、2000、3000s/mm2,观察对不同b值的扩散加权图像,比较不同b值对前列腺癌及前列腺炎的定性诊断准确率。结果 b值为1000s/mm2时,DWI诊断前列腺癌和前列腺炎的敏感度及特异度分别为66.6%和63.6%;b值为2000s/mm2时,DWI诊断前列腺癌和前列腺炎的敏感度及特异度分别为93.3%和90.9%;b值为3000s/mm2时,DWI诊断前列腺癌和前列腺炎的敏感度及特异度分别为93.3%和100.0%。在b值为1000s/mm2时,DWI诊断前列腺癌和前列腺炎的敏感度及特异度均低于b值为2000、3000s/mm2(P<0.05)。结论选择较高b值,对前列腺癌和前列腺炎的鉴别具有较高的灵敏度和特异度。DWI可作为鉴别前列腺癌和前列腺炎的辅助方法。     

ADC联合DWI鉴别中枢神经细胞瘤与室管膜瘤的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：利用磁共振成像ADC值的测定,联合DWI磁共振成像探讨中枢神经细胞瘤与室管膜瘤的鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析本院经手术及病理检查证实的发生于侧脑室内,15例中枢神经细胞瘤和15例室管膜瘤患者常规MRI平扫、增强、DWI信号强度,并测量肿瘤实质病变的平均ADC值,观察比较两组肿瘤的DWI信号强度和ADC值,运用ROC曲线评价ADC值的诊断价值,统计学分析采用两样本t检验。结果：15例中枢神经细胞瘤DWI上均呈高或稍高信号,ADC 均值( 0．69±0.11)×10-3mm2/s;15例室管膜瘤DWI上12例呈等或稍高信号,3例呈低信号,ADC均值(1.10±0.24)×10-3mm2/s,两组肿瘤的平均ADC值比较具有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。ADC值诊断中枢神经细胞瘤的灵敏度为100%,特异度为92.9%。结论：磁共振成像ADC值的测定辅助DWI信号强度有利于提高中枢神经细胞瘤和室管膜瘤的术前诊断及鉴别诊断。     

Diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) compared to FDG PET/CT for whole-body breast cancer staging

Purpose

The aim of the study was to prospectively compare the diagnostic value of whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and FDG PET/CT for breast cancer (BC) staging.

Methods

Twenty BC patients underwent whole-body FDG PET/CT and 1.5-T DWI. Lesions with qualitatively elevated signal intensity on DW images (b?=?800 s/mm²) were rated as suspicious for tumour and mapped to individual lesions and different compartments (overall 552 lesions). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was determined for quantitative evaluation. Histopathology, MRI findings, bone scan findings, concordant findings between FDG PET/CT and DWI, CT follow-up scans and plausibility served as the standards of reference defining malignancy.

Results

According to the standards of reference, breasts harboured malignancy in 11, regional lymph nodes in 4, M1 lymph nodes in 3, bone in 7, lung in 2, liver in 3 and other tissues in 3 patients. On a compartment basis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the detection of malignancies were 94, 99, 98, 97 and 98% for FDG PET/CT and 91, 72, 76, 50 and 96% for DWI, respectively. Of the lesions seen on DWI only, 348 (82%) turned out to be false-positive compared to 23 (11%) on FDG PET/CT. The average lesion ADC was 820?±?300 with true-positive lesions having 929?±?252 vs 713?±?305 in false-positive lesions (p?<?0.0001).

Conclusion

Based on these initial data DWI seems to be a sensitive but unspecific modality for the detection of locoregional or metastatic BC disease. There was no possibility to quantitatively distinguish lesions using ADC. DWI alone may not be recommended as a whole-body staging alternative to FDG PET(/CT). Further studies are necessary addressing the question of whether full-body MRI including DWI may become an alternative to FDG PET/CT for whole-body breast cancer staging.     

The impact of PET on the management of lung cancer: the referring physician's perspective.

(18)F-FDG PET is a molecular whole-body imaging modality that is increasingly being used for diagnosing, staging, and restaging cancer. The objective of this study was to determine referring physicians' perspectives on the impact of (18)F-FDG PET on staging and management of lung cancer. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to the 292 referring physicians of 744 consecutive patients with known or suspected lung cancer who were evaluated with PET. Questionnaires on 274 patients were returned (response rate, 37%). Management changes were categorized as intermodality (e.g., surgery to medical, surgery to radiation, and medical to no treatment) or intramodality (e.g., altered medical, surgical, or radiotherapy approach). RESULTS: The primary reasons for PET referral were staging of lung cancer in 61% of patients, diagnosis in 20%, and monitoring of therapy or the course of disease in 6%. Physicians reported that PET caused them to change their decision on clinical stage in 44% of all patients: The disease was upstaged in 29% and downstaged in 15%. PET resulted in intermodality management changes in 39% of patients, whereas 15% had an intramodality change. CONCLUSION: This survey-based study of referring physicians suggests that PET has a major impact on staging and management of lung cancer.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging as part of hybrid PET/MRI protocols for whole-body cancer staging: Does it benefit lesion detection?

Purpose

Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) requires efficient scan protocols for whole-body cancer staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the application of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) results in a diagnostic benefit for lesion detection in oncologic patients if added to a whole-body [18F]-fluorodesoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) PET/MRI protocol.

Methods

25 consecutive oncologic patients (16 men, 9 women; age 57 ± 12 years) prospectively underwent whole-body [18F]-FDG-PET/MRI including DWI on a hybrid PET/MRI scanner. A team of two readers assessed [18F]-FDG PET/MRI without DWI for primary tumors and metastases. In a second session, now considering DWI, readers reassessed [18F]-FDG PET/MRI accordingly. Additionally, the lesion-to-background contrast on [18F]-FDG PET and DWI was rated qualitatively (0, invisible; 1, low; 2, intermediate; 3, high). Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was performed to test for differences in the lesion-to-background contrast.

Results

49 lesions were detected in 16 patients (5 primaries, 44 metastases). All 49 lesions were concordantly detected by [18F]-FDG PET/MRI alone and [18F]-FDG PET/MRI with DWI. The lesion-to-background contrast on DWI compared to [18F]-FDG PET was rated lower in 22 (44.9%) of 49 detected lesions resulting in a significantly higher lesion-to-background contrast on [18F]-FDG PET compared to DWI (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

DWI as part of whole-body [18F]-FDG PET/MRI does not benefit lesion detection. Given the necessity to optimize imaging protocols with regard to patient comfort and efficacy, DWI has to be questioned as a standard tool for whole-body staging in oncologic PET/MRI.     

Iatrogenic artifacts on whole-body F-18 FDG PET imaging

PURPOSE: Whole-body F-18 FDG PET images frequently show artifacts related to medical and surgical interventions. We present some of the common artifact patterns in this atlas article. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied whole-body F-18 FDG PET images of 30 adult patients (17 males and 13 females). Of these, 9 patients had lymphoma, 7 had colon cancer, 6 had lung cancer, 3 had lung nodules, 2 each had breast and bladder cancer, and 1 patient had brain cancer. All patients had a history of some surgical or medical intervention for malignant or some other associated disease. RESULTS: PET images of 8 patients showed artifacts related to implanted prostheses and ports and 9 patients showed artifacts related to percutaneous insertion or opening of catheters, tubes, and stomas. Six patients had artifacts from previous surgery, 3 from previous radiation therapy, 3 from previous chemotherapy, and 1 from changes in glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Medical and surgical interventions can give rise to artifacts on whole-body F-18 FDG PET images. The possibilities and patterns of these artifacts should be kept in mind while reporting these studies.     

FDG-PET imaging in lung cancer: how sensitive is it for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma?

While characterization of lung lesions and staging of lung cancer with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is an established clinical procedure, a lower diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET for diagnosis and staging of so-called bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) has been reported. Therefore, the accuracy of PET for diagnosing and staging of BAC was investigated. We studied 41 patients eventually found to have adenocarcinoma with a bronchioloalveolar growth pattern who were referred for characterization or staging of lung lesions with whole-body FDG-PET between January 1998 and March 2001: there were 11 males (27%) and 30 females (73%), with a mean age of 66.0+/-10.9 (range =44-84 years). Patients were imaged using ECAT EXACT or HR+ systems. All patients had non-attenuation-corrected scans, while transmission data for attenuation correction were also available for 12 patients (29%). PET correctly identified BAC in 41 of the 46 (89%) lesions and 39 of the 41 patients (95%). By pathology, 25 patients (61%) were found to have unifocal or nodular lesions; this pattern was correctly identified by PET in 20 patients (80%) and by CT in 18 (72%). PET correctly identified 7 (44%) of 16 patients (39%) who had multicentric or diffuse BAC, and CT identified 11 (69%). Of the 35 patients whose lymph node status was verified pathologically, PET was correct in 27 (77%) and CT in 24 (69%). PET missed 67% of the rare tumors that had a pure BAC pattern with no invasive component. It is concluded that the diagnostic performance of whole-body FDG-PET is similar in most patients with lesions with a BAC pattern and in other non-small cell lung cancer types. PET is less accurate in patients with rare BAC tumors that have no invasive component.     

Tumor detection by diffusion-weighted MRI and ADC-mapping--initial clinical experiences in comparison to PET-CT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical potential of diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-mapping for tumor detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-shot echo-planar-imaging DWI sequence with fat suppression and ability for navigator-based respiratory triggering was implemented. Nineteen patients (11 melanoma, 4 prostate cancer, 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 3 lung cancer) were examined by positron emission tomography (PET) with an integrated computed tomography scanner (PET-CT) and DWI. Images at b = 0, 400, and 1000 s/mm2 were acquired and ADC maps were generated. PET examinations were used as a reference for tumor detection. Four hundred twenty-four regions of interest were used for DWI and 73 for PET data evaluation. RESULTS: DWI and ADC maps were of diagnostic quality. Metastases with increased tracer uptake were clearly visualized at b = 1000 s/mm2 with the exception of mediastinal lymph node metastases in cases of lung cancer. ADC mapping did not improve detection rates. CONCLUSIONS: DWI is a feasible clinical technique, improving the assessment of metastatic spread in routine magnetic resonance imaging examinations.     

HRCT在补充PET/CT对肺内结节诊断中的应用价值

目的:通过总结HRCT在PET/CT对肺内结节数量及病灶内部、周围情况检出率的补充,以探讨HRCT在补充PET/CT诊断中的应用价值。方法:自2007年7月～2008年7月行全身PET/CT检查的受检者中,92例(男性50例,女性42例)发现肺内结节并且高度可疑为恶性肿瘤,常规进行同机HRCT扫描,比较、分析HRCT及PET/CT肺内结节内部及周围征像。结果:全身PET/CT检查发现肺内结节92个,而HRCT发现肺内结节102个;HRCT对肺内结节的内部及病灶周围情况的检出率优于PET/CT,在6例PET阴性结节中有3例经HRCT扫描诊断为恶性并经病理证实。结论:HRCT可以补充PET/CT对肺内结节的诊断,减少漏诊及误诊,实现双方的优势互补。     

Brain abnormalities detected on whole-body 18F-FDG PET in cancer patients: spectrum of findings

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to discuss and show examples of the PET appearance of common brain abnormalities that radiologists encounter when interpreting whole-body 18F-FDG PET examinations of cancer patients. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the PET appearance of various brain abnormalities can yield diagnostically relevant information in cancer patients. Detection of brain abnormalities on whole-body PET often requires adjusting window settings to reduce the intensity of normal brain FDG activity. Often, close correlation of PET/CT and MRI with clinical history offers the most complete radiologic diagnosis.     

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose chest uptake in lung inflammation and infection

PURPOSE: F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) may accumulate at sites of inflammation or infection, making interpretation of whole-body scans difficult in patients with cancer. METHODS: More than 650 whole-body positron emission tomographic (PET) scans performed to examine patients with cancer were reviewed to identify uptake in pulmonary infection or inflammation based on the appearance of F-18 FDG chest uptake, chest radiographs, computed tomography, or all of these. RESULTS: Ten patients had uptake in benign lung disease. Eight patients had head and neck tumors and two patients had breast cancer. Intense focal or multifocal F-18 FDG chest uptake was seen in 6 of 10 scans. This was difficult to distinguish from pulmonary metastases based on the scan appearance. However, in the remaining patients, the uptake was atypical for malignancy and displayed an apical, segmental, or lobar pattern. In all patients, the F-18 FDG lung uptake corresponded to benign radiologic changes (infiltration, consolidation, or atelectasis), and the final diagnosis was pulmonary inflammation or infection. Nine patients were asymptomatic and one patient had clinical aspiration pneumonia. Follow-up PET scans were performed in five patients to evaluate their conditions. Chest uptake disappeared completely in three patients and partially in two patients, and there were no new findings. Variable degrees of F-18 FDG chest uptake have been reported with more than 40 different benign causes. They can be classified based on the underlying mechanism into four major categories: 1) Inflammation or infection, 2) benign tumor, 3) physiologic activity, and 4) iatrogenic. Most of these false-positive cases are included in the first category. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary infection or inflammation might predispose patients to localized F-18 FDG chest uptake mimicking pulmonary metastases and limiting the specificity of whole-body scans performed in patients with cancer.     

Value of whole-body FDG PET in management of lung cancer

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging provides physiologic and metabolic information that characterizes lesions that are indeterminate by CT. FDG PET imaging is sensitive to the detection of lung cancer in patients who have indeterminate lesions on CT, whereas low grade malignancy such as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and carcinoid may be negative on FDG PET. The specificity of PET imaging is less than its sensitivity because some inflammatory processes, such as active granulomatous infections, avidly accumulate FDG. This possibility should be kept in mind in the analysis of PET studies of glucose metabolism aimed at differentiating malignant from benign solitary pulmonary nodules. FDG uptake is considered to be a good marker of cell differentiation, proliferative potential, aggressiveness, and the grade of malignancy in patients with lung cancer. FDG PET accurately stages the distribution of lung cancer. Several studies have documented the increased accuracy of PET compared with CT in the evaluation of the hilar and mediastinal lymphnode status in patients with lung cancer. Whole-body PET studies detect metastatic disease that is unsuspected by conventional imaging. Management changes have been reported in up to 41% of patients on the basis of the results of whole-body studies. Whole-body FDG PET is also useful for the detection of recurrence. Several studies have indicated that the degree of FDG uptake in primary lung cancer can be used as an independent prognostic factor. Thus, whole-body FDG PET is clinically very useful in the management of lung cancer.