特应性皮炎与血清脂溶性维生素水平的相关性分析

目的探讨脂溶性维生素A、D、E水平与特应性皮炎(AD)疾病严重程度的相关性。方法根据HanifinRajka标准,于2013年—2016年收集AD患儿,以健康体检儿童作对照;应用SCORAD方法评估AD患儿疾病严重程度;酶联免疫法检测血清总IgE水平;血细胞分析仪检测嗜酸性细胞绝对计数值;高效液相色谱法测定血清视黄醇、25-(OH)D 3水平,液相质谱法测定血清维α-生育酚水平。结果共纳入AD患儿61例,对照组48例。AD患儿SCORAD评分为(44.71±16.06)。AD患儿血清25-(OH) D3水平为(33.88±1.03)nmol/L,低于对照组的(50.49±1.90)nmol/L;血清视黄醇水平为(0.83±0.03)μmol/L,低于对照组的(0.93±0.04)μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。AD组和对照组之间血清α-生育酚水平的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。AD患儿血清视黄醇、25-(OH) D3水平与SCORAD呈显著负相关(P0.05),α-生育酚水平与SCORAD无相关性(P0.05)。结论 AD患儿维生素A、D水平均下降,且与疾病严重程度相关。     

血清25羟-维生素D3水平与儿童肥胖之间的关系

目的 探讨儿童血清25羟-维生素D3[25-(OH)D3]水平与体质量、肥胖程度、体质量指数(BMI)、血脂的关系,以及他们在肥胖儿童中可能的发生机制.方法 以2011年7月至2013年2月在无锡市妇幼保健院儿童营养门诊就诊的儿童为研究对象,共244例.调查所有受试者每日服用维生素D情况,测量身高、体质量、BMI及25-(OH)D3水平和微量元素,其中38例3岁以上肥胖儿童测定脂代谢水平.结果 1.肥胖儿童的血清25-(OH)D3水平为(68.31 ±23.06) nmol/L,其中36个月龄以上组肥胖儿童最低,为(55.03±15.18) nmol/L.2.肥胖组和超重组儿童血清25-(OH) D3水平远低于正常体质量组儿童水平(F=4.739,P＜0.05).3.重度肥胖儿童25-(OH) D3水平显著低于轻、中度肥胖儿童(F=9.711,P＜0.05).4.儿童体质量、身高/体质量百分比及BMI与25-(OH) D3水平呈负相关(r=-0.365、-0.237、-0.175,P均＜0.001).5.3岁以上肥胖儿童体质量、三酰甘油水平与25-(OH) D3均呈负相关(r=-0.476、-0.324,P均＜0.05).结论 血清25-(OH)D3水平降低与肥胖有关.其原因可能是肥胖者脂肪组织增多,维生素D滞留在脂肪细胞中,导致血清维生素D水平减低.肥胖儿童体内维生素D的消耗高于正常儿童,需要补充更多的维生素D才能达到正常25-(OH)D3水平.     

1型糖尿病并低三碘甲状腺氨酸综合征201例

目的探讨1型糖尿病(T1DM)及糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)患儿并低三碘甲状腺氨酸(T3)综合征的临床特点。方法采用放射免疫分析法检测91例T1DM并DKA患儿(DKA组)及110例单纯T1DM患儿(非DKA组)血清T3、甲状腺素(T4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,观察2组T3、T4下降例数及水平,并将DKA组分为轻、中、重3个亚组,观察不同组别中甲状腺激素变化特点。结果 DKA组易发生T3、T4下降,DKA组T3[(0.54±0.51)μg.L-1]、T4[(5.65±2.80)μg.L-1]与非DKA组T3[(1.02±0.38)μg.L-1]、T4[(9.28±2.85)μg.L-1]比较,差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.000 1)。中、重度DKA组与非DKA组T3比较,差异有统计学意义(Pa<0.000 1),轻、中、重度DKA组与非DKA组T4比较,差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.000 4,0.000 1)。DKA组与非DKA组TSH比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 T1DM患儿甲状腺激素检测的结果主要表现为T3降低,部分伴T4降低,其疾病的严重程度与甲状腺激素降低程度一致,T1DM并DKA患儿的T3、T4水平均有明显下降,提示T1DM患儿需重视甲状腺激素的检测,利于早期防治。     

维生素D含量与幼年特发性关节炎的关系

目的 25 羟维生素D3 [25(OH)D3] 是维生素D(VitD)的主要产物,可反映体内活性VitD 的绝对含量。该文检测了幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)患儿血清25 羟维生素D3 [25(OH)D3] 水平的变化,以了解VitD 含量与JIA 发病、疾病活动度等的可能关系。方法 收集2013 年1 月至2014 年3 月确诊为JIA 的53 例患儿的血清标本,采用酶联免疫法检测其血清25(OH)D3 水平,并与同期106 例正常体检儿童(对照组)血清25(OH)D3水平作比较。并分析JIA 患儿25(OH)D3 水平与JIA 亚型、疾病活动度、外周血超敏C 反应蛋白、血沉的相关性。结果 与对照组比较,JIA 组25(OH)D3 水平明显减低(中位数42.6 nmol/L vs 49.9 nmol/L,P<0.01)。JIA 组VitD 严重缺乏比例明显高于对照组(17.0% vs 6.6%,P<0.05)。JIA 患儿血清25(OH)D3 水平与JIA 亚型、疾病活动度、C 反应蛋白、血沉无明显相关性。结论 JIA 儿童VitD 含量明显减低,VitD 含量降低可能与JIA 的发生有关,但VitD 含量与JIA 亚型、疾病严重度及活动性无关。     

血清25-羟维生素D_3水平与婴儿喘息关系及临床意义探讨

目的探讨血清25-羟维生素D3[25-(OH)D3]水平与婴儿喘息的关系及临床意义。方法以2011年10月至2012年5月在苏州儿童医院呼吸科住院的105例下呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测30例婴儿喘息患儿(喘息≥2次)、38例毛细支气管炎患儿、37例普通肺炎患儿血清25-(OH)D3水平,并对部分患儿行血过敏原检测及鼻咽部抽吸物病原学检测。选择同期在该院儿保门诊体检的34例健康患儿作为对照组。比较各组检测结果。结果 (1)婴儿喘息组、毛细支气管炎组、普通肺炎组血清25-(OH)D3水平分别为(55.73±18.16)nmol/L、(68.43±18.63)nmol/L、(70.74±23.56)nmol/L,三组均显著低于对照组(82.99±16.43 nmol/L)(P0.05);婴儿喘息组显著低于毛细支气管炎组、普通肺炎组(P0.05),而后两者间差异未见统计学意义(P=0.609);(2)毛细支气管炎组、婴儿喘息组病毒检出阳性率分别为75.7%和65.5%,显著高于普通肺炎组37.1%(P=0.001),毛细支气管炎组与婴儿喘息组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)血清25-(OH)D375 nmol/L组呼吸道病毒检出阳性率及反复喘息发生率均分别高于≥75 nmol/L组(P0.05),而两组患儿血过敏原检出阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.393)。结论病毒感染是婴儿喘息发生的主要因素,而维生素D不足或缺乏可能增加反复喘息发生的风险。     

早产儿维生素 D 水平与肺部疾病的关系

目的分析早产儿出生时血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平与肺部疾病的关系。方法选取2015年1月至2016年12月入住NICU的早产儿,收集其临床资料及血清25(OH)D检测结果 ;并根据平均血清25(OH)D水平将早产儿分为低维生素D组和高维生素D组,分析比较两组肺部疾病发生的差异。结果共纳入早产儿115例,平均胎龄为(29.9±1.9)周,平均血清25(OH)D水平为(37.1±16.6)nmol/L。维生素D缺乏[25(OH)D50 nmol/L]、不足[25(OH)D在50~74.9 nmol/L]和正常[25(OH)D≥75 nmol/L]的比率分别为71.3%、17.4%和11.3%。低维生素D组的持续气道正压通气、氧疗时间、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)和支气管肺发育不良(BPD)发生率以及住院天数均显著高于高维生素D组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论早产儿低维生素D水平可能增加RDS、BPD的发生率,并延长住院时间。     

肥胖症儿童脂溶性维生素A、D、E水平及其影响因素北大核心CSCD

目的调查肥胖症儿童脂溶性维生素A、D、E水平,并分析其影响因素。方法选取2019年1月至2021年4月就诊于西安市儿童医院营养科的273例肥胖症儿童(肥胖症组)为研究对象,同期健康体检的226例正常体重儿童为对照组。对两组儿童进行体格及体成分的测量,并检测血清维生素A、D、E浓度。结果与对照组比较,肥胖症组血清维生素A[(1.32±0.21)μmol/L vs(1.16±0.21)μmol/L]、维生素E[(9.3±1.4)mg/L vs(8.3±1.2)mg/L]水平较高(P<0.001),25羟维生素D[25-hydroxyvitamin D,25(OH)D]水平[(49±22)nmol/L vs(62±24)nmol/L]较低(P<0.001)。在肥胖症组中,边缘型维生素A缺乏率为5.5%(15/273),维生素D缺乏/不足率为56.8%(155/273),维生素E不足率为4.0%(11/273)。控制体重指数和腰身比后,肥胖症儿童维生素A水平与年龄呈正相关(P<0.001),维生素E和25(OH)D水平与年龄呈负相关(P<0.001)。在控制年龄因素后,未发现肥胖症儿童血清维生素A、维生素E、25(OH)D水平与其肥胖程度、体脂百分比、肥胖时长的相关性,但维生素A和维生素E水平与其腰身比呈正相关(P<0.001)。结论肥胖症儿童的血清维生素A和维生素E水平较高,尤其是腹型肥胖者,而血清维生素D营养状况较差,且随着年龄的增长,状况愈差。因此,应关注肥胖症儿童维生素D营养状况并积极补充。     

血清维生素D水平与幼龄儿童社区获得性肺炎严重程度及危险因素的相关性研究

目的：探讨幼龄儿童体内血清维生素D水平来分析其与社区获得性肺炎（CAP）严重程度的关系,并探讨CAP的相关危险因素。方法：随机选取2011年10月至2012年4月就诊的CAP患儿103例为研究对象,其中重度CAP患儿15例,轻度CAP患儿88例;另随机选取同期门诊体检的健康儿童90例为正常对照组。采用酶联免疫法测定各组儿童体内25-(OH)D3的水平。结果：重度组患儿血清25-(OH)D3水平显著低于轻度组和对照组（P<0.01）,轻度组与对照组之间差异无统计学意义（P=0.674）。多因素回归分析提示25-(OH)D3水平＜50 nmol/L和有早产史是重度CAP发生的独立危险因素。结论：维生素D缺乏可能影响幼龄儿童CAP的严重程度。     

抽动障碍患儿血清25羟基维生素D水平的检测

目的了解抽动障碍(TD)患儿维生素D的营养状况,探讨维生素D水平与TD的关系。方法选取2016年11月至2017年5月诊断为TD的132例患儿为TD组,其中抽动秽语综合征患儿8例,慢性运动或发声抽动障碍患儿32例,暂时性抽动障碍患儿92例;另选取同期行体检的健康儿童144例为健康对照组。采集两组儿童外周静脉血3 m L,留取血清,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测两组儿童血清25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,根据血清25(OH)D水平,30 ng/m L为正常、10~30 ng/m L为不足、10 ng/m L为缺乏。结果 TD患儿血清25(OH)D水平明显低于健康对照组(P0.01);TD患儿血清25(OH)D不足或缺乏率明显高于健康对照组(P0.01);暂时性抽动障碍患儿血清25(OH)D水平高于抽动秽语综合征患儿(P0.05)。结论维生素D缺乏或不足可能是导致TD发病的因素之一;且维生素D水平高低可能与TD分型存在关联。     

孤独症谱系障碍患儿血清25(OH)D水平的检测

目的了解孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿维生素D营养状况,探讨维生素D水平与ASD的关系。方法采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对117例新诊断的ASD患儿和109例健康对照儿童进行血清25(OH)D检测,并根据血清25(OH)D水平,将维生素D状况分为正常(30 ng/m L)、不足(10~30 ng/m L)和缺乏(10 ng/m L),比较两组儿童维生素D营养状况。结果 ASD患儿25(OH)D水平(19±9 ng/m L)明显低于对照组(36±13 ng/m L),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。ASD患儿中维生素D缺乏和不足率为89.7%,明显高于对照组(52.3%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 ASD患儿存在维生素D缺乏或不足,维生素D缺乏和不足有可能是ASD发病的环境/遗传因素。     

The association between ketoacidosis and 25(OH)-vitamin D levels at presentation in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background:  There is considerable evidence supporting the role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Vitamin D deficiency is also associated with impairment of insulin synthesis and secretion. There have been no formal studies looking at the relationship between 25(OH)-vitamin D₃ and the severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children at presentation with T1DM.
Objective:  To determine the relationship between measured 25(OH)-vitamin D₃ levels and the degree of acidosis in children at diagnosis with T1DM.
Subjects:  Children presenting with new-onset T1DM at a tertiary children's hospital.
Methods:  25(OH)-vitamin D₃ and bicarbonate levels were measured in children at presentation with newly diagnosed T1DM. Those with suboptimal 25(OH)-vitamin D₃ levels (<50 nmol/L) had repeat measurements performed without interim vitamin D supplementation.
Results:  Fourteen of the 64 children had low 25(OH)-vitamin D₃ levels at presentation, and 12 of these had low bicarbonate levels (<18 mmol/L) (p = 0.001). Bicarbonate explained 20% of the variation in vitamin D level at presentation (partial r² = 0.20, p < 0.001) and ethnic background a further 10% (partial r² = 0.10, p = 0.002). The levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D₃ increased in 10 of the 11 children with resolution of the acidosis.
Conclusions:  Acid–base status should be considered when interpreting 25(OH)-vitamin D₃ levels in patients with recently diagnosed T1DM. Acidosis may alter vitamin D metabolism, or alternatively, low vitamin D may contribute to a child's risk of presenting with DKA.     

儿童糖尿病198例

目的 探讨儿童糖尿病(DM)的临床特点,为临床诊治提供理论依据.方法 对1999年1月-2009年3月在本院住院的198例DM患儿的临床表现和实验室检查进行回顾性临床分析.结果 198例DM患儿中,男97例,女101例.均为首诊病例;发病高峰年龄为5～6岁及9～11岁;首诊例数逐年增加,2008年较1999年增加了3.7倍;其中1型糖尿病(T1DM) 174例(占88.9％),2型糖尿病7例(占3.5％),新生儿DM 14例(占7.1％),其他3例(占1.5％).首诊的TlDM患者中,酮症酸中毒(DKA)的发生率为42.0％;发病前有感染史者55例,与无感染史者比较,DKA的发生率有统计学差异(P＜0.01).有DM家族遗传史者23例.并甲状腺功能亢进症2例;并暂时性甲状腺功能减低症31例;并肝功能异常30例,肾功能异常12例,血脂异常48例,尿蛋白阳性27例.糖化血红蛋白为(12.0±1.8)％;共分析了25例T1 DM患者的自身抗体,胰岛细胞抗体阳性率为28％,胰岛素自身抗体的阳性率为20％,谷氮酸脱羧酶自身抗体(GADA)阳性率为72％.结论 首诊的儿童DM逐年增加,以T1DM为主;新生儿DM增加明显;DKA是T1DM患者就诊的重要原因;首诊的T1DM者中,感染是发生DKA的重要诱因;儿童DM常合并暂时性甲状腺功能减低症、肝肾功能异常及血脂异常;糖尿病自身抗体中GADA的阳性率最高.     

Serum vitamin D levels are lower in Australian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes than in children without diabetes

Vitamin D is synthesised in the skin through the action of UVB radiation (sunlight), and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) measured in serum as a marker of vitamin D status. Several studies, mostly conducted in high latitudes, have shown an association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and low serum 25OHD. We conducted a case–control study to determine whether, in a sub‐tropical environment with abundant sunlight (latitude 27.5°S), children with T1DM have lower serum vitamin D than children without diabetes. Fifty‐six children with T1DM (14 newly diagnosed) and 46 unrelated control children participated in the study. Serum 25OHD, 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D) and selected biochemical indices were measured. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms Taq1, Fok1, and Apa1 were genotyped. Fitzpatrick skin classification, self‐reported daily hours of outdoor exposure, and mean UV index over the 35 d prior to blood collection were recorded. Serum 25OHD was lower in children with T1DM (n = 56) than in controls (n = 46) [mean (95%CI) = 78.7 (71.8–85.6) nmol/L vs. 91.4 (83.5–98.7) nmol/L, p = 0.02]. T1DM children had lower self‐reported outdoor exposure and mean UV exposure, but no significant difference in distribution of VDR polymorphisms. 25OHD remained lower in children with T1DM after covariate adjustment. Children newly diagnosed with T1DM had lower 1,25(OH)₂D [median (IQR) = 89 (68–122) pmol/L] than controls [121 (108–159) pmol/L, p = 0.03], or children with established diabetes [137 (113–153) pmol/L, p = 0.01]. Children with T1DM have lower 25OHD than controls, even in an environment of abundant sunlight. Whether low vitamin D is a risk factor or consequence of T1DM is unknown.     

Vitamin D at the onset of type 1 diabetes in Italian children

Low vitamin D levels have been reported in multiple immune disorders such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The purpose of our study was to determine vitamin D levels in children at the onset of T1DM compared with children with other diseases and to test the hypothesis that low vitamin D may increase the odds for developing diabetes. All the children (n?=?58) that were consecutively admitted to our clinic at T1DM onset between May 2010 and July 2012 were compared with a control group of children (n?=?166) hospitalized for other diseases, matched for sex, season of visit, and age. For each subject, we considered clinical and anthropometric data, the season at time of hospitalization, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which were analyzed and compared using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Median 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the diabetic patients (36.2 nmol/l, range?=?7.5–121.0 nmol/l) than in controls (48.7 nmol/l, range?=?7.5–190.2 nmol/l), p?=?0.010. Low 25(OH)D levels seem to increase the odds for developing T1DM (odds ratio (OR)?=?3.45 for 25(OH)D 51–74 nmol/l, OR?=?5.56 for 25(OH)D?≤?50 nmol/l). There was no seasonal effect on the risk of developing T1DM. Median 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in patients admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (30.2 nmol/l, range?=?7.5–101.8 nmol/l) than in patients without ketoacidosis (40.7 nmol/l, range?=?15.2–121.1 nmol/l), p?=?0.019; but when adjusted for season, the p value was 0.116. Conclusions: Children at onset of T1DM have lower vitamin D serum levels than those with other diseases. Further longitudinal studies on children before the onset of T1DM will allow clinicians to explore the causal relationship between vitamin D and T1DM.     

儿童 1型糖尿病 30年临床特征及随访观察

目的 分析儿童1型糖尿病（T1DM）的临床特征,探讨该病对儿童生长发育的影响程度及后期并发症发生的情况。方法 对发病年龄在13个月至14．7岁,经实验室检查确诊为T1DM的210例患儿的临床特征进行了回顾性分性,并对99例患儿进行了1～24年的并发症、生长发育、死因随访。结果 因单纯糖尿病人院者47例（22．4％）;伴酮血症入院者69例（32．9％）;伴酮症酸中毒入院者94例（44．7％）,其中农村患儿78例。起病时有诱因者43例,其中自停胰岛素15例。酮症酸中毒患儿住院时间明显比单纯糖尿病患儿长（P〈0．05）。随访的99例中出现各种并发症50例,其中以微血管病变发生率最高。病程长易并发各种并发症（P〈0．05）,病后的监测方法与并发症的发生也明显相关。患儿组身高明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 酮症酸中毒是儿童糖尿病的基本特征;病程长易并发各种并发症;加强对儿童糖尿病患者的血糖检测和病后教育,将对儿童糖尿病的治疗起重要作用。     

Predicting diabetic ketoacidosis in children by measuring end-tidal CO2 via non-invasive nasal capnography

AIM: To determine if nasal capnography can be used as a screening tool to predict diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) presenting to the emergency department. METHODS: Cross-sectional, prospective, observational study of children with T1DM who presented to the Emergency Department of Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Western Australia, over a 12-month period from June 2003 to June 2004. Information on demographic data and T1DM was recorded. Nasal capnography, venous blood gases and urinary analysis were performed on patients. Data were analysed using chi(2) tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated at different end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO(2)) levels to predict presence of DKA. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients aged 1-18 years (mean 10.7, SD 4.7) were analysed. Thirty-three (57%) were male and 30 (52%) presented with new onset of T1DM. Of the 58 cases, 15 (26%) had DKA, and 11 of these were new T1DM patients. No patients with an ETCO(2) > 30 mmHg had DKA (sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.86). Six patients with an ETCO(2) < 30 mmHg did not have DKA. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal capnography in conjunction with clinical assessment is predictive of DKA. Further research into this area with larger numbers could help validate ETCO(2) as a screening tool for DKA in the emergency department.     

5岁以下1型糖尿病患儿21例

目的探讨5岁以下婴幼儿糖尿病的临床特点、诊断及酮症酸中毒(DKA)的抢救措施。方法回顾性分析21例5岁以下婴幼儿糖尿病患儿的发病情况、临床特点、误诊情况,并探讨急救治疗体会。结果婴幼儿糖尿病临床症状不典型,糖尿病自身抗体阳性率低,初诊误诊率达52.4%,DKA发生率也高达52.4%。感染是诱发DKA的常见原因,患儿无1例死亡,1例放弃治疗,出院后治疗依从性不一。结论婴幼儿糖尿病多为特发性,临床症状不典型,易误诊、漏诊。感染可能导致患儿糖尿病的进展和临床表现出现。小剂量胰岛素持续静滴、调节酸碱平衡和纠正电解质紊乱是急救的关键。     

Increased incidence and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis among uninsured children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: (a) To determine the incidence and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and (b) to stratify according to insurance status at the initial diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects included children <18 yr who presented with new-onset T1DM from January 2002 to December 2003 and were subsequently followed at the Barbara Davis Center. Insurance status and initial venous pH were obtained. RESULTS: Overall, 383 subjects presented with new-onset T1DM and 359 (93.7%) were enrolled. Forty-three (12.0%) of these children were uninsured and 40 (11.1%) had Medicaid. One hundred and two (28.4%) subjects presented with DKA. When compared to the insured subjects, uninsured subjects had a significantly increased risk of presenting with DKA [odds ratios (OR): 6.19, 95% CI 3.04-12.60, p < 0.0001], as well as presenting with severe DKA, defined as venous pH <7.10 (OR: 6.09, 95% CI 3.21-11.56, p < 0.0001). There were no differences, however, between the insured and Medicaid subjects in their probability of presenting with DKA or severe DKA. The risk of presenting with DKA (as well as with severe DKA) was the highest among patients <4 yr old. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of initial diagnosis, uninsured patients were more likely to present with DKA than insured patients. Furthermore, when the uninsured subjects presented with DKA, the condition tended to be more severe and life-threatening. A potential explanation is that uninsured subjects may delay seeking timely medical care, thereby presenting more critically ill, whereas insured subjects may have their T1DM diagnosed earlier.     

1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿缺氧诱导因子-1α与血管内皮细胞生长因子mRNA表达水平的变化

目的探讨1型糖尿病(T1DM)酮症酸中毒(DKA)患儿缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)与血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)mRNA水平的变化。方法天津市儿童医院住院T1DM并DKA患儿30例,于确诊24 h内(DKA 1组)及DKA纠正后10 d(DKA 2组)采血,另选取同期住院的不伴感染、缺氧、肿瘤或结缔组织病的同年龄同性别患儿30例为对照组。实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)法测定其外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞HIF-1α与VEGF mRNA的相对表达水平。PCR产物行琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定特异性。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 3组HIF-1α及VEGF mRNA相对表达水平比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.01)。DKA1组HIF-1α及VEGF水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Pa<0.01);DKA纠正后HIF-1α及VEGF水平恢复,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,0.01),但直至DKA纠正后10 d(DKA2组)仍未恢复至对照组水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,0.05)。Real-timePCR产物行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,产物位于预期位置,确定产物特异性。结论 T1DM并DKA患儿CD4+T淋巴细胞HIF-1α与VEGFmRNA水平升高,且DKA纠正后HIF-1α与VEGF mRNA水平不能恢复至正常,这可能与T1DM并发症的发生发展有关。     

Pediatric stroke associated with new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: case reports and review of the literature

Neurological deterioration in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is commonly caused by cerebral edema. However, stroke should also be suspected when focal neurological deficits are apparent, because children with hyperglycemia and DKA are prone to thrombosis. We report three cases of pediatric stroke associated with new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The first case presented with sinovenous thrombosis, and the other two cases presented in DKA and had a late diagnosis of ischemic stroke following neurological deterioration. Our recent experiences and review of the literature emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, investigation, and treatment for patients that present with new onset T1DM and stroke.