福莫特罗治疗哮喘急性发作期患儿即刎肺功能变化

目的探讨哮喘急性发作期患儿吸入福莫特罗后起效时间和及即刻肺功能变化。方法能掌握肺功能测定方法及都保吸入方法的急性发作支气管哮喘患儿52例,测基础肺功能,随机分为A组吸入福莫特罗4.5μg,B组吸入9.0μg,吸药3～5min后复查肺功能。结果两组吸药后第1秒用力呼气肺活量占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)、呼气峰流速占预计值的百分比(PEF%)及最大呼气中段流速占预计值的百分比(MMEF%)均有明显改善(P均<0.05)。B组吸药后肺功能改善较A组更显著。结论福莫特罗起效迅速,可快速缓解哮喘症状。     

福莫特罗治疗哮喘急性发作期患儿即刻肺功能变化

目的探讨哮喘急性发作期患儿吸入福莫特罗后起效时间和及即刻肺功能变化。方法能掌握肺功能测定方法及都保吸入方法的急性发作支气管哮喘患儿52例,测基础肺功能,随机分为A组吸入福莫特罗4.5μg,B组吸入9.0μg,吸药3～5min后复查肺功能。结果两组吸药后第1秒用力呼气肺活量占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)、呼气峰流速占预计值的百分比(PEF%)及最大呼气中段流速占预计值的百分比(MMEF%)均有明显改善(P均<0.05)。B组吸药后肺功能改善较A组更显著。结论福莫特罗起效迅速,可快速缓解哮喘症状。     

白三烯受体拮抗剂在儿童支气管哮喘并变应性鼻炎的临床研究

目的评价白三烯受体拮抗剂在治疗儿童支气管哮喘(哮喘)与变应性鼻炎(AR)的临床效果。方法选择2005年10月至2006年4月在我院儿科门诊诊断为哮喘并AR的患儿100例,随机分3组:口服孟鲁司特组(1组,吸入布地奈德都保加口服孟鲁司特5 mg,每晚1次);鼻内吸入激素组(2组,吸入布地奈德都保加鼻内吸入布地奈德鼻喷剂64μg,每日1次);对照组(仅吸入布地奈德都保)。观察期为6个月,每隔4周随访,记录患儿的临床症状评分;在治疗前及治疗后第8、24周检查肺功能,记录1秒钟用力呼气量占正常预计值的百分比(FEV1%)、鼻内分泌物嗜酸性细胞数、速效β2受体激动剂使用次数、所用药物分值以及哮喘急性发作次数及无症状天数。结果与治疗前比较,1组和2组明显降低了哮喘日间、夜间症状评分与鼻炎症状评分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1组在哮喘日间、夜间症状评分与鼻炎症状评分、速效β2受体激动剂使用次数、所用药物分值与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而与2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但1组在改善FEV1%、增加无症状天数及减少哮喘急性发作的次数均优于2组(P<0.05、P<0.001、P<0.0...     

妥洛特罗贴剂和口服硫酸沙丁胺醇治疗儿童支气管轻中度哮喘急性发作期的有效性和安全性比较

目的：比较妥洛特罗贴剂和口服硫酸沙丁胺醇治疗儿童轻中度支气管哮喘急性发作期的有效性和安全性。 方法：将92例轻中度哮喘急性发作期患儿随机分为沙丁胺醇组和妥洛特罗组,每组各46例。两组均给予抗组胺药、选择性白三烯受体拮抗剂、糖皮质激素治疗。沙丁胺醇组使用硫酸沙丁胺醇缓释胶囊,妥洛特罗组使用妥洛特罗贴剂。比较两组咳嗽、喘息、呼吸频率、哮鸣音、三凹征、呼气峰流速（PEF）评分变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果：两组症状评分随治疗的进行均下降。与治疗前评分比较,治疗第3天两组喘息、呼吸频率、哮鸣音、三凹征和PEF评分均显著下降（均P<0.05）,但妥洛特罗组评分较沙丁胺醇组低,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。与治疗前评分比较,两组咳嗽评分到治疗第14天开始显著下降(均P<0.05) ,妥洛特罗组评分较沙丁胺醇组低,差异有统计学意义 (P<0.05)。沙丁胺醇组有1例出现手震颤,妥洛特罗组未出现不良反应。结论：与口服硫酸沙丁胺醇比较,妥洛特罗贴剂治疗儿童轻中度哮喘急性发作期疗效更显著,安全性高。     

婴幼儿哮喘急性发作雾化吸入硫酸沙丁胺醇对肺功能影响的研究

目的 通过观察哮喘急性发作的婴幼儿雾化吸入硫酸沙丁胺醇前后肺功能的变化,客观评价该药对低龄儿童气道阻力的影响.方法 将轻中度哮喘急性发作的49名婴幼儿按年龄分为1～3岁幼儿(32例)和<1岁婴儿(17例)两组,予0.5%硫酸沙丁胺醇0.25ml/次,驱动式压缩泵雾化吸入,在治疗前及后30min分别检查其肺功能,做潮气呼吸流速容量环检查,采用到达潮气呼气峰流速时的呼气量/潮气量(%V-PF)、呼出75%潮气量时的呼气流速/潮气呼气蜂流速(25/PF)和潮气呼气中期流速/潮气吸气中期流速(ME/MI)参数反映大小气道阻力情况.结果 在幼儿组和婴儿组治疗前肺功能指标%V-PF、25/PF和ME/NI降低,显示大小气道阻力增高,治疗后幼儿组肺功能各指标均有所提高,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);婴儿组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 对幼儿哮喘急性发作予雾化吸人硫酸沙丁胺醇后能有效地改善肺功能,降低气道阻力,对婴儿治疗的关键是结合有效的抗炎和积极的祛痰.     

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目的观察布地耐德(BUD)联用福莫特罗(FOM)与单用双倍剂量BUD干粉吸入疗法对轻度持续性哮喘患儿的有效性和安全性,探讨儿童轻度持续性哮喘的理想治疗方案。方法选取2005-01—2005-06在广州医学院附属第一医院呼研所专科门诊就诊的轻度持续哮喘患儿50例,采取开放、随机、平行对照方法把50例患儿分为两组,分别吸入BUD联用FOM(B+F组)或双倍剂量BUD(Double B组)8周,药物均用都保干粉吸入装置吸入。8周的观察期内由患儿或家长记录哮喘日记,包括日间和夜间症状评分、无症状天数、其它平喘药物(包括应急用速效β2-受体激动剂、长效缓释茶碱、口服长效β2-受体激动剂、全身用糖皮质激素)使用情况,同时以简易峰流速仪监测其呼气峰流速值(PEF)作为主要肺功能指标。结果B+F组和Double B组在治疗8周后,日间症状及PEF均较治疗前明显改善,无症状天数明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与治疗前比较,B+F组在治疗8周后夜间症状评分明显下降(P<0.05),而Double B组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组间日间症状评分、夜间症状评分、无症状天数及PEF治疗前及治疗后比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组间病情反复发作次数、需联合应用速效β2-受体激动剂次数及口服强的松、长效缓释茶碱或口服长效β2-受体激动剂的天数均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论低剂量吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)联用长效β2-受体激动剂(LABA)与单用双倍剂量ICS治疗儿童轻度持续性哮喘的疗效相当。但从减少或避免ICS潜在的全身性副反应方面考虑,联用低剂量ICS+LABA可能是更好的选择。     

硫酸镁和/或沙丁胺醇雾化吸入对哮喘患儿吸入乙酰胆碱激发后肺功能影响的随机对照研究

目的观察硫酸镁雾化能否改善哮喘患儿吸入乙酰胆碱激发后的肺功能,并与雾化吸入沙丁胺醇和硫酸镁＋沙丁胺醇进行比较。方法330例乙酰胆碱激发试验阳性的哮喘患儿随机分为3组,3组分别给予雾化吸入硫酸镁,沙丁胺醇,硫酸镁+沙丁胺醇,观察用药后2个时点（10 和20 min）第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、最大呼气流速(PEF）的肺功能指标。结果①3组患儿用药后2个时点的FEV1、PEF值均较激发值显著上升（P<0.05）,但3组2个时点的FEV1、PEF值两两比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;②沙丁胺醇组及硫酸镁+沙丁胺醇组2个时点的FEV1、PEF值占预计值的百分比高于硫酸镁组（P<0.05）;③硫酸镁组和硫酸镁+沙丁胺醇组用药后20 min时点的FEV1及PEF值占预计值的百分比高于用药后10 min时点的百分比（P<0.05）。 结论硫酸镁雾化吸入能改善哮喘患儿吸入乙酰胆碱激发后的肺功能,但其效果不如单用沙丁胺醇;硫酸镁+沙丁胺醇联合应用不具有协同效应。     

卡介苗/纯蛋白衍生物对支气管哮喘患儿临床症状及肺功能的影响

目的探讨卡介苗(BCG)及其纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)对支气管哮喘(哮喘)患儿的临床控制等级和肺功能的影响,为BCG/PPD在哮喘中的防治提供理论根据。方法安徽医科大学附属省立医院哮喘门诊随机抽取年龄5～14岁哮喘患儿,使用PPD试验筛选出68例PPD试验阴性的哮喘患儿,入组前评估患儿哮喘严重程度,随机分为BCG/PPD干预组(常规治疗并予BCG/PPD干预)和非干预组(仅予常规治疗)。治疗前检测肺功能、评估哮喘病情严重程度。干预组除常规治疗外接种BCG,用PPD试验判定接种成功后,每月皮内注射PPD 5 U,共6个月。每月评估并根据患儿临床控制等级予相应治疗,治疗3个月、6个月时评估2组患儿最大呼气流量占预计值百分比(PEF%)、肺功能、临床症状及临床控制等级的变化。结果 1.临床控制等级:3个月时干预组日间症状、夜间症状、活动受限及临床控制例数与非干预组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05);6个月时干预组夜间症状、PEF%改善情况及临床控制例数与非干预组比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05)。2.肺功能:2组肺功能各指标治疗3个月、6个月时较治疗前均明显改善(Pa<0.05);治疗3个月、6个月时干预组PEF%较非干预组改善(Pa<0.05);6个月时干预组肺功能改善较非干预组明显(Pa<0.05)。结论常规治疗基础上加用BCG/PPD可显著改善哮喘患儿临床症状及肺功能,且在6个月内能持续改善患儿肺功能。     

舌下特异性免疫治疗对尘螨过敏性哮喘儿童的作用

目的：观察舌下特异性免疫治疗(sublingual immunotherapy, SLIT)联合吸入糖皮质激素(inhaled corticosteroids, ICS)与单独ICS治疗尘螨过敏轻、中度哮喘儿童的临床疗效,为哮喘的联合治疗提供更多的选择方案。方法：对尘螨过敏的轻、中度哮喘患儿32例随机分为两组： SLIT组(SLIT联合ICS治疗,18例)和对照组(单独ICS治疗,14例)。两组共30例完成为期1年的临床观察。比较两组患儿ICS给药总量、哮喘日间和夜间症状评分、皮肤点刺试验、肺功能、血清sIgE和sIgG4值、VAS评分（visual analog scale）的差异。结果：SLIT组在1年治疗结束ICS给药总量较对照组显著减少;与对照组相比,SLIT组的日、夜间哮喘症状评分显著降低,肺功能FEF25- 75%值显著增加,sIgE值及VAS评分降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;皮肤点刺反应计分、FEV1及sIgG4值两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在整个随访期两组均无严重不良反应。结论：SLIT联合ICS治疗在改善尘螨致敏哮喘患儿的日、夜间哮喘症状、肺功能及VAS评分方面的疗效优于单独使用ICS治疗。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（5）：344-347］     

孟鲁司特钠单用于轻度持续哮喘患儿疗效和安全性的随机双盲安慰剂对照试验

目的：研究孟鲁司特钠单用于治疗5~14岁轻度持续哮喘患儿的疗效和安全性。方法：采用安慰剂随机双盲对照试验,对首诊诊断为轻度持续哮喘患儿,采用调查问卷方式采集患儿基线数据,经过2周安慰剂洗脱期,随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别睡前咀嚼口服孟鲁司特钠或安慰剂5 mg·d-1,疗程均为12周。在入组后4、8和12周记录哮喘日记卡内容：日间和夜间哮喘症状评分、β2受体激动剂使用频率、最大呼气峰流速（PEF）、因哮喘急性发作而需急诊或住院治疗的次数等;于治疗后12周检测肺功能指标：FEV1%预计值、FEF25%~75%。结果：2009年9月至2010年9月上海交通大学附属第一人民医院儿科哮喘专科门诊的轻度持续哮喘患儿安慰剂组纳入42例,孟鲁司特钠组纳入89例,至观察终点安慰剂组35例,孟鲁司特钠组77例进入分析。与安慰剂组相比,孟鲁司特钠组的PEF明显改善（P<0.05）;每周日间和夜间哮喘症状平均评分、每月因哮喘发作而需急诊或住院就诊率和每周平均β2受体激动剂使用次数均下降,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）;治疗后12周孟鲁司特钠组FEV1%、FEF25%~75%较安慰剂组显著提高（P<0.05）;研究期间两组患儿均未观察到不良反应事件。结论：孟鲁司特钠单独用于轻度持续性哮喘患儿具有良好的疗效,不良反应少,患儿依从性高。     

Comparison of terbutaline and salbutamol inhalation in children with mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy and side effects of terbutaline and salbutamol administered by metered dose inhaler and holding chamber in the mild to moderate acute exacerbations of asthma in children.Methods: The study subjects were children in the age group of 5–15 years who presented with a mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma. Baseline assessment included clinical parameters and spirometry. The children were then randomized to receive salbutamol or terbutaline. Three puffs each of either 100 mcg salbutamol or 250 mcg of terbutaline were administered using 750 ml holding chamber with valve. Thirty minutes after drug administration, the children were reevaluated for clinical parameters and spirometry.Results: Of the total 60 subjects studied, 31 were administered terbutaline and 29 salbutamol. The baseline spirometric parameters were comparable. After drug administration, all the studied variables showed significant improvement within each group. However, there were no statistically significant differences when the two groups were compared with each other. There was no significant difference in the side effects between two groups.Conclusion: Terbutaline and salbutamol, when administered by MDI with holding chamber, are equally efficacious in children with mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma.     

Randomized controlled trial of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol versus salbutamol alone in children with acute exacerbation of asthma

Objective To evaluate effect of addition of ipratropium to salbutamol delivered by metered dose inhaler and spacer in the beginning of treatment of mild to moderate exacerbation of asthma. Methods Children between 5 to 15 years of age with mild to moderate exacerbation of asthma were randomized to receive either a combination of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol or salbutamol alone administered by metered dose inhaler and spacer. The effects on clinical asthma score and spirometric parameters were compared. Results A total of 60 children were randomized in the study. The baseline characteristics of two groups were comparable. Children getting combination of salbutamol and ipratropium showed significantly greater improvement in percent-predicted PEFR and FEF25–75% than children receiving salbutamol alone. Conclusion There was beneficial effect of addition of ipratropium to salbutamol administered by MDI with spacer at the beginning of therapy for mild to moderate acute exacerbation of asthma in children.     

Potassium disturbance associated with an inpatient childhood asthma pathway

BackgroundPaediatric asthma exacerbations in Alberta are treated via standardized order sets known as the Alberta Acute Childhood Asthma Pathway (ACAP). This pathway is utilized in paediatric tertiary hospitals and in remote and rural locations. Incidence, magnitude, and risk factors for hypokalemia in inpatients receiving salbutamol for asthma exacerbations via this pathway are presently unknown.ObjectiveEstablish incidence, magnitude, and risk factors for hypokalemia associated with salbutamol therapy as directed by a paediatric asthma pathway.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using visit-level electronic medical data. Inpatients aged <18 years old receiving salbutamol via the ACAP with at least one potassium level were included. Hypokalemia was defined as mild (3.0 ≤ [K⁺] < 3.5 mEq/L), moderate (2.5 ≤ [K⁺] < 3.0 mEq/L), or severe ([K⁺] < 2.5 mEq/L), as measured in serum or blood gas. Binomial logistic regression was utilized to examine risk factors for hypokalemia, route of administration, location of lowest [K⁺], nil per os (NPO) status during admission, potassium supplementation, gender, and age.ResultsThere were 821 patients screened for analysis and 433 patients were analyzed after exclusions. There was an incidence of hypokalemia of 38.8%. Of patients experiencing hypokalemia, 71.4% were mild, 25.6% moderate, and 3.0% severe. Risk factors included nebulized salbutamol, patient location (emergency department or paediatric intensive care unit), and age (>5 years) although these risk factors may actually represent patients receiving higher doses of salbutamol.ConclusionsThe majority of the 38.8% of children experiencing hypokalemia associated with the ACAP were mild. Routine monitoring of potassium status in children receiving salbutamol per standardized pathway is recommended for children with described risk factors, and ideally within the first 12 hours of presentation.     

Inhaled budesonide in acute asthma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of aerosolized budesonide therapy (with metered dose inhaler and spacer) early in the emergency room treatment of acute moderate exacerbations of bronchial asthma in children. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Paediatric Emergency Service of an urban teaching hospital and a tertiary case referral centre. STUDY POPULATION: Sixty children between 3 and 12 years of age with an acute moderate exacerbation of asthma. INTERVENTION: All patients received humidified oxygen (5-8 L/min by Venturi(R) mask; Hudson Respiratory Care, Temecula, CA, USA), nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg in 3 mL saline) and were randomized to receive either budesonide (400 microg) or placebo inhalation (MDI and spacer) at half hourly intervals for three doses. If there was an inadequate response or no response to treatment at the end of 2 h, oxygen and salbutamol therapy were continued and the patient was given one of dose intravenous hydrocortisone and was started on an aminophylline infusion. If there was no response at the end of a further 4 h, the patient was hospitalized. INITIAL EVALUATION AND MONITORING: Colour, respiratory rate (RR), heart rate, accessory muscle usage, chest retraction, wheeze, oxygen saturation (by pulse oximetery) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was recorded at admission and thereafter at hourly intervals for 3 h or until till the child recovered. The need for oxygen therapy after 2 h and need for hospitalization were recorded. MAIN RESULTS: Both groups showed a significant improvement in respiratory status at the end of 2 h. However, children in the intervention group showed greater improvements in RR and PEFR (P < 0. 05) and respiratory distress score (P < 0.1). A significantly lower proportion of the intervention group patients required oxygen therapy for more than 2 h (23% vs 50%; P < 0.05) and aminophylline infusion and systemic corticosteroid therapy (7% vs 27%; P < 0.05). None of the children in the budesonide group, in contrast to 23% of those in the placebo group, required hospitalization (P < 0.05). The length of hospital stay (i.e. time taken to recover from acute asthma) was significantly shorter in the intervention group (3.2 +/- 2.5 h) than in the placebo group (7.8 +/- 11.3 h; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Aerosolized budesonide therapy (with MDI and spacer) together with nebulized salbutamol early in the emergency room treatment of acute moderate exacerbations of asthma helped in early recovery and decreased the need for hospitalization. It may be worthwhile calculating this regimen for home-based early treatment of acute exacerbations.     

Avoidance of food allergens in childhood asthma

Twenty-four patients of moderate persistent perennial asthma with documented aggravation to severe persistent asthma, during monsoon season in the past two years, were put on specific elimination diet during August and September. The diet was based on results of in-vitro allergy tests for a selected food panel. On specific elimination diet, five patients improved to mild persistent asthma and twelve patients improved to mild persistent asthma with occasional exacerbations . Six patients remained at moderate persistent asthma and only one patient deteriorated to severe persistent asthma. These results indicate that food avoidance may help in asthma control in children.     

Treatment of acute asthmatic exacerbations with an increased dose of inhaled steroid

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of an increased dose of inhaled steroid used within the context of an asthma self management plan for treating exacerbations of asthma. DESIGN: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial. METHODS: Twenty eight children aged 6-14 years with asthma of mild to moderate severity were studied for six months. Eighteen pairs of exacerbations were available for analysis, during which subjects took an increased dose of inhaled steroids or continued on the same dose. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between increasing inhaled steroids or placebo on morning or evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs), diurnal peak flow variability, or symptom scores in the two weeks following an asthma exacerbation. Difference (95% confidence intervals) in baseline PEFR on days 1-3 were 3.4% (-3.5% to 10.4%) and -0.9% (-4.7% to 2.9%) for inhaled steroid and placebo, respectively. Spirometric function and the parents' opinion of the effectiveness of asthma medications at each exacerbation were also not significantly different between inhaled steroid or placebo. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that increasing the dose of inhaled steroids at the onset of an exacerbation of asthma is ineffective and should not be included in asthma self management plans.     

A 3-day course of 1 mg/kg versus 2 mg/kg bodyweight prednisolone for 1- to 5-year-old children with acute moderate exacerbation of asthma: a randomized double-blind noninferiority trial

BackgroundEven though the guidelines on the management of preschool asthma recommend early use of corticosteroids for acute moderate-to-severe exacerbations, considerable variation exists with regard to type and dose of steroids.ObjectivesTo compare the clinical outcomes and side effect profile between 1 mg/kg/day and 2 mg/kg/day of oral prednisolone when administered for 3 days in preschool children with acute moderate asthma exacerbations.Study Design and SettingRandomized double-blind noninferiority trial was done in the paediatric emergency of a teaching hospital.Patients, Interventions, and OutcomesA total of 128 children aged 1 to 5 years who presented to the paediatric emergency with acute moderate exacerbation of asthma were enrolled. They were randomized into two groups. One group received 1 mg/kg/day and the other 2 mg/kg/day of oral prednisolone for 3 days. Severity of asthma exacerbation was measured by Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) score. The PRAM scores, wheeze recurrence, and side effect profile were compared and analyzed between the two groups.ResultsThe difference in the PRAM scores at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after intervention between the two groups was statistically insignificant. Need for escalation of therapy, salbutamol nebulization, time for resolution of symptoms, and recurrence of wheeze were similar between the two groups. Vomiting was significantly less frequent in low-dose group with a relative risk of 0.19 to 0.99 compared to high-dose prednisolone.ConclusionPrednisolone at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day was not inferior to 2 mg/kg/day in terms of clinical improvement and recurrence of wheeze within 1 week and has less frequent vomiting compared to higher dose.     

血清维生素D水平与儿童哮喘急性发作严重程度的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清维生素D水平与儿童哮喘急性发作严重程度之间的关系.方法 选取2013年3月至2014年3月因哮喘急性发作就诊的患儿49例.依据儿童哮喘急性发作严重程度分级标准,将患儿分为轻度发作组、中度发作组和重度发作组.对比三组患儿人口学资料、血清25-羟维生素D及总IgE水平,并分析血清25-羟维生素D与总IgE水平的相关性.结果 共筛选入组哮喘急性发作患儿49例,轻度发作组20例、中度发作组15例和重度发作组14例.三组患儿的性别比例、年龄、身高和体重差异均无统计学(P＞0.05).从血清25-羟维生素D水平来看,三组之间差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.001),中度(15.30±4.97) nmol/L和重度(13.87±3.33) nmol/L发作组患儿血清25-羟维生素D水平明显低于轻度发作组(35.77±13.64) nmol/L,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);重度发作组患儿血清25-羟维生素D水平虽略低于中度发作组,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).从血清总IgE水平来看,虽然三组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但随着发作程度的加重,总IgE水平有逐渐增高的趋势.哮喘急性发作患儿血清25-羟维生素D与总IgE之间呈负相关,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 本研究提示低水平维生素D可能与儿童哮喘发作程度的加重及总IgE水平增高有关.足量维生素D可能通过下调总IgE而降低急性发作的程度,维生素D补充治疗可能成为预防或治疗儿童哮喘等过敏性疾病的一种有效途径.     

A review of the role of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma

Systemic corticosteroids (CSs) are generally accepted as treatment for acute exacerbations of asthma. In contrast, inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) have been used for the long-term management of asthma but are not widely accepted for the treatment of asthma exacerbations. The onset of action of ICs in acute asthma begins in 1 hour. In patients with mild to moderate exacerbation, administration of high-dose ICs may decrease the need for hospital admission and the number of symptomatic days.