周期蛋白E在细胞周期调节中的作用

ｃｙｃｌｉｎ Ｅ是Ｇ１期的周期蛋白,基因定位于１９ｑ１２－１３,参与细胞周期的调节及肿瘤的发生。ｃｙｃｌｉｎ Ｅ与ＣＤＫ２结合在Ｇ１期末发挥作用,促进细胞进入Ｓ期。ｃｙｃｌｉｎ Ｅ的过量表达通过对ｐＲＢ及其它低物的磷酸化、释放出转录因子进而启动ＤＮＡ的合成,加速细胞的Ｇ１期进程。ｐ２１、ｐ２７及ＴＧＦ－β通过对ｃｙｃｌｉｎ Ｅ－ＣＤＫ２活性的抑制而减缓Ｇ１期的进程。ｃｙｃｌｉｎ Ｅ是周期进程的基本     

G1期细胞周期调节因子与细胞癌变

目前研究结果表明，细胞周期中的多种调整因子参与细胞癌变，特别是Ｇ１期的Ｄ型细胞周期蛋白（ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ）的过表达，细胞周期蛋白依赖性抑制因子（ＣＤＩ）的ｐ１６，ｐ１５，ｐ２１，ｎ２７及参与Ｇ１期负向调节的抑癌基因产物ｐ５３，Ｒｂ的低表达或基因突变皆可导致恶性肿瘤的发生。     

转化生长因子β1对G1期的负性调节

ＴＧＦ是具有生物活性的多肽，它通过下调Ｇ１期细胞周期蛋白Ａ，Ｄ，Ｅ的表达、改变细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶ＣＤＫ２，ＣＤＫ４和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制因子ｐ１６，ｐ１５，ｐ２１，ｐ２７的活性，使细胞停滞在Ｇ１期，ＴＧＦ－β１还可通过抑癌基因产物Ｒｂ非磷酸化状态的聚积和下调Ｇ１早期“演进因子”ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达阻止Ｇ１期细胞向Ｓ期进展     

血管紧张素Ⅱ和血小板源生长因子对心肌细胞周期素和p27蛋？…

目的 细胞周期素（ｃｙｃｌｉｎ）和ＣＤＫ抑制蛋白（ＣＫＩ）是对细胞周期起正性和负性调节作用的两类物质。ｐ２７蛋白是ＣＫＩ是一种,主要对细胞外部促进或抑制增殖的信号起反应,本文观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）和血小板源生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）对心肌细胞细胞周期素和ｐ２７蛋白表达量的影响。方法 培养的心肌细胞除血清２４ｈ使其处于静止状态,加入ＡｎｇⅡ１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＰＤＧＦ－ＢＢ２０ｎｇ／ｍＬ后不同时间     

抑癌基因p21

抑癌基因Ｗａｆｌ／Ｃｉｐｌ／ｐ２１（Ｗｉｌｄ┐ｔｙｐｅ┐ｐ５３┐ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔ／ＣＤＫ┐ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ１／ｐ２１）既与肿瘤抑制作用密切相关，又能通过抑制周期素┐周期素依赖激酶（Ｃｙｃｌｉｎ┐ＣＤＫｓ）复合物活性，协调细胞周期、ＤＮＡ复制与修复之间的关系，从而将肿瘤抑制作用与细胞周期控制过程紧密相连。ｐ２１基因的发现、克隆及其在细胞周期控制与肿瘤发生中有重要作用     

血管紧张素Ⅱ和血小板源生长因子对心肌细胞周期素和p27蛋白表达量的调节

目的：细胞周期素（ｃｙｃｌｉｎ）和ＣＤＫ抑制蛋白（ＣＫＩ）是对细胞周期起正性和负性调节作用的两类物质。ｐ２７蛋白是ＣＫＩ的一种，主要对细胞外部促进或抑制增殖的信号起反应。本文观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）和血小板源生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）对心肌细胞细胞周期素和ｐ２７蛋白表达量的影响。方法：培养的心肌细胞除血清２４ｈ使其处于静止状态，加入ＡｎｇⅡ１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＰＤＧＦ－ＢＢ２０ｎｇ／ｍＬ后不同时间收集细胞，用碘化丙啶（ＰＩ）标记细胞ＤＮＡ，以确定细胞所处的周期。用细胞周期素或ｐ２７蛋白的单抗和标记ＦＩＴＣ的二抗标记细胞，用流式细胞仪测定被激发出的荧光量来测定细胞周期素和ｐ２７蛋白表达的相对量。结果：ＡｎｇⅡ可促进细胞周期素的表达，但对ｐ２７蛋白的表达没有影响，不能促进心肌细胞增殖；ＰＤＧＦ明显促进心肌细胞细胞周期素的表达，也不能明显抑制ｐ２７的表达，也不能促进心肌细胞增殖。结论：细胞周期素的表达增加与心肌细胞能否进入细胞周期并不一致，ｐ２７蛋白是心肌细胞能否进入细胞周期并进行有丝分裂的重要调节因子。     

细胞周期素D1与套细胞淋巴瘤

肿瘤发生过程中原癌基因的激活是重要因素之一。原癌基因活化的机制有基因扩增、点突变、染色体易位或缺失等〔1〕。在Ｂ细胞淋巴瘤中 ,染色体重排可导致原癌基因的激活而产生过量的癌蛋白 ,使正常的细胞发生癌变〔2〕。现将原癌基因ｂｃｌ 1及其蛋白产物细胞周期素 (ｃｙｃｌｉｎ)Ｄ1与套细胞淋巴瘤的关系综述如下。1　ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ1结构和功能细胞周期由三类调节因子进行调控 ,它们分别是周期素依赖性激酶 (ｃｙｃｌｉｎ ｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｋｉｎａｓｅｓ,ＣＤＫｓ)、周期素 (ｃｙ ｃｌｉｎｓ)和周期素依赖性激酶抑制因子 (ｃｙｃｌｉ…     

细胞周期分子调控与癌变

细胞周期蛋白（ｃｙｃｌｉｎ）、细胞周期蛋白依赖的蛋白激酶（ＣＤＫ）以及ＣＤＫ抑制蛋白（ＣＫＩ）三类分子的调控。细胞周期蛋白分别在细胞周期的不同时期程序性合成和降解，同时做为调节亚基对ＣＤＫ活性进行调节。ＣＤＫ的活性还受磷酸化状态的影响。ＣＫＩ能结合ＣＤＫ－ｃｙｃｌｉｎ复合物并抑制其活性，ＣＫＩ的失活可导致ＣＤＫ活性的异常。使细胞无限增殖。肿瘤的发生同细胞周期调控机制的改变密切相关。     

细胞周期分子调控与癌变

细胞周期蛋白（ｃｙｃｌｉｎ）、细胞周期蛋白依赖的蛋白激酶（ＣＤＫ）以及ＣＤＫ抑制蛋白（ＣＫＩ）三类分子的调控。细胞周期蛋白分别在细胞周期的不同时期程序性合成和降解，同时做为调节亚基对ＣＤＫ活性进行调节，ＣＤＫ的活性还受磷酸化状态的影响。ＣＫＩ能结合ＣＤＫ－ｃｙｃｌｉｎ复合物并抑制其活性，ＣＫＩ的失活可导致ＣＤＫ活性的异常，使细胞无限增殖。肿瘤的发生同细胞周期调控机制的改变密切相关。     

细胞周期调节因子与肿瘤的发生和调控

细胞的转化和肿瘤发生受到多种细胞周期调节因子的影响。Ｃｙｃｌｉｎｓ和ＣＤＫｓ／Ｃｄｃ２作为细胞周期的正调节因子，促进细胞的生长和分裂，ＣＫIｓ作为负调节因子则抑制细胞生长和促进细胞分化。Ｃｙｃｌｉｎｓ、ＣＤＫｓ／Ｃｄｃ２与ＣＫＩｓ相互调节，相互控制，组成一个复杂的分子调节网。Ｃｙｃｌｉｎｓ过度表达或ＣＫＩｓ的功能性缺失或突变，有利于细胞的转化和肿瘤的发生发展。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.