生殖道感染就诊妇女与健康体检妇女中支原体感染状况的调查

目的了解解脲脲原体(Uu)、人型支原体(Mh)在生殖道感染妇女和健康体检妇女中的感染状况。方法采集2005年11月至2006年4月南京市某三甲医院就诊的生殖道感染女性184例和健康体检女性199名的生殖道分泌物样本,同时采用培养法和聚合酶链反应法进行Uu、Mh的检测,在培养的同时采用倍比稀释法进行颜色变化单位(CCU)浓度检测,并结合调查表资料,对两组人群的支原体感染状况进行分析。结果生殖道感染人群支原体阳性率76.1%,显著高于健康女性人群42.2%(X~2=45.1862,P<0.0001)。健康女性以单纯Uu和单纯Mh感染为主,生殖道感染者以Uu和Mh的混合感染为主(单纯Uu、Uu Mh:X~2=39.5956,P<0.0001;单纯Mh、Uu Mh:X~2= 13.2935,P=0.0003)。支原体CCU浓度检测结果显示,生殖道感染女性人群体内Uu、Mh浓度显著高于健康体检人群(Uu:秩和检验Z=7.1058.P<0.0001,Mh:秩和检验Z=8.7201,P<0.0001)。支原体在各年龄段普遍易感。结论两种支原体均为条件致病菌,两者并存具有一定的协同致病作用,当支原体感染量较高时易导致临床症状的出现。     

女性生殖道解脲支原体感染与腹部切口感染的关系探讨

目的探讨女性生殖道解脲支原体（Uu）、人型支原体（Mh）感染与腹部切口感染的关系。方法对50例腹部切口感染患者（观察组）切口分泌物、阴道分泌物及100例腹部切口Ⅰ期愈合患者（对照组）阴道分泌物进行Uu、Mh培养检测及药敏试验。结果观察组单纯Uu阳性率（90％）明显高于对照组（50％），两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；单纯Mh阳性率两组分别为6％、4％，Uu和Mh均阳性率分别为2％、4％，两组比较差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论女性生殖道Uu感染与腹部切口感染的发生关系密切。     

舟山海岛地区336例泌尿生殖道支原体培养及药敏结果分析

目的探讨解脲脲支原体（Uu）和人支原体（Mh）在泌尿生殖系统感染中的致病作用及其药敏情况。方法对336例泌尿生殖道系统感染患者进行支原体培养和9种抗菌药物的药敏试验。结果336例患者中支原体阳性177例，感染率为52．7％，其中Uu、Mh以及Uu＋Mh混合感染的阳性率分别为40．5％、2．4％和9．8％，女性uu感染率明显高于男性（x^2=21.9，P〈0．01），支原体对9种抗菌药物的敏感性最高的是交沙霉素（JOX，99．4％），其次是米诺环素（MNO，98．3％）、多西环素（DOX，98．3％）和氧氟沙星（OFX，88．2％）；uu＋Mh混合感染的耐药率明显高于单-Uu感染（x^2=25．3，P％0．01）。结论泌尿生殖道系统感染主要由解脲脲支原体引起，占76．9％，交沙霉素为首选治疗药物。     

宫颈分泌物支原体检测及耐药性分析

目的了解女性泌尿生殖道感染患者解脲支原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）感染及耐药情况。方法采用支原体鉴定药敏试剂盒，对598例女性泌尿生殖道感染患者标本进行培养及药敏试验。结果598例患者中检出Uu阳性229例（38．2％），Mh阳性8例（1．3％），Uu＋Mh阳性49例（8．2％），总检出率47．8％（286例）；药敏结果表明，Uu与Mh对交沙霉素，强力霉素，四环素等较为敏感，对氧氟沙星耐药率高。结论女性泌尿生殖道Uu和Mh感染率高，主要以Uu为主，Uu和Mh对多种抗菌药物耐药，其中以氧氟沙星为最高，单纯Uu、Mh和Uu＋Mh的耐药率存在一定差异，治疗支原体感染以交沙霉素、强力霉素、四环素最好。     

无锡地区生殖道感染解脲脲支原体、人支原体分子流行病学研究

目的了解无锡地区男女性生殖道感染者解脲脲支原体(Uu)、人支原体(Mh)感染状况。方法收集2007-2008年医院就诊的1580例男女性生殖道感染者病灶部拭子标本,应用套式聚合酶链反应(nPCR)技术进行Uu、Mh 2种支原体核酸检测。结果 1580例男女性生殖道感染者Uu、Mh 2种支原体阳性率分别为42.8%、19.2%,支原体总阳性率达50.9%;其中女性Uu、Mh 2种支原体的检出率明显高于男性。结论无锡地区2007-2008年男女性生殖道感染者中支原体感染率高,且已构成流行。     

广州市黄埔区416例生殖道感染妇女支原体感染状况及药敏分析

目的研究解脲脲原体、人型支原体在广州黄埔区生殖道感染妇女中的感染状况及支原体感染的耐药情况。方法采用解脲脲原体和人型支原体培养鉴定药敏试剂盒检测416例生殖道感染妇女支原体感染情况与及其药敏试验结果。结果416例受试妇女中支原体检出率为48．6％,以解脲脲原体为主（35．6％）,阴道炎患者总感染率（56．7％）高于宫颈炎患者（39．1％）（P〈0．01）。支原体对交沙霉素（93．6％）、强力霉素（87．1％）、美满霉素（87．1％）较为敏感,对罗红霉素耐药率最高（47．5％）。Uu耐药率最高的是司帕沙星（43．1％）,Mh耐药率最高的是克拉霉素、罗红霉素和阿奇霉素（均为100％）;Uu和Mh混合感染对常用抗生素普遍耐药。结论本地区生殖道感染妇女患者的支原体感染主要为解脲脲原体,支原体的不同感染类型耐药性不一致,临床应参照药敏试验结果选用抗菌药物。交沙霉素、美满霉素和强力霉素是经验治疗首选用药。     

女性性服务者生殖道支原体感染情况分析

非淋球菌性尿道炎（NGU）是性传播疾病的一种，所占的比例仅次于淋病发病呈上升趋势。生殖道支原体是NGU的病原体之一。据报道，解脲脲原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）一直被认为是导致不孕不育、流产早产、新生儿感染等疾病的病原体之一，女性生殖道支原体感染尤为多见。云南省红河州位于我国西南边陲，由于特殊的地理位置和较为落后的经济文化水平，卖淫嫖娼现象较为普遍。成为性病艾滋病从高危人群向一般人群传播的桥梁。     

女性生殖道支原体感染及药敏分析

目的了解女性泌尿生殖道支原体感染情况及体外药敏分析,指导临床用药。方法对本院1583例来自妇科门诊的生殖道分泌物进行培养和药敏试验。结果检出女性支原体感染率为42．2％（668／1583）;其中解脲脲原体（Uu）感染率为80．4％（537／668）,人型支原体（Mh）的感染率为2．7％（18／668）,混合感染（Uu＋Mh）的感染率为16．9％（113／668）。支原体感染以20～40岁为主,占83．1％。药敏试验显示对强力霉素、米诺环素、克拉霉素和四环素较敏感。结论女性生殖道支原体感染以Uu为主,治疗首选强力霉素、米诺环素、克拉霉素和四环素。     

518例女性泌尿生殖道支原体感染及药敏分析

解脲脲原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）是引起人类泌尿生殖道感染的2种常见致病性病原体，已成为非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）的最常见病原菌。现将我院妇产科及泌尿科门诊2007年收集的518例就诊患者情况报告如下。     

武汉地区400例泌尿生殖道感染者支原体检测分析

为了解武汉地区支原体所致泌尿生殖道感染现状，对武汉地区400例泌尿生殖道感染患者，采集尿液等标本，进行解脲支原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）培养。结果阳性119例（29．75％），其中Uu阳性99例（24．75％）；Mh阳性35例（8.75％）；Uu和Mh同时感染15例（3．75％）。119例支原体阳性者中其他病原体检查均为阴性者55例（46．22％）。同时做了淋球菌、真菌及滴虫检查，其阳性率分别为14．50％、13．50％和4．50％。结果提示：武汉地区泌尿生殖道感染的常见病原体是支原体，其次为淋球菌、真菌、滴虫。     

Overrepresentation of women veterans among homeless women

OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the proportion of veterans among homeless women and their risk of homelessness relative to that of nonveterans. METHODS: Data came from 2 surveys of homeless women (1 clinical and 1 nonclinical) and 1 survey of domiciled women. RESULTS: The proportion of veterans (4.4%, 3.1%) among homeless women was greater than the proportion among domiciled women (1.3%, 1.2%). When we computed odds ratios for being a veteran among homeless women compared with nonhomeless women, homeless women were significantly more likely than nonhomeless women to be veterans. CONCLUSIONS: Women veterans are at greater risk for homelessness than are nonveterans. Further study is needed to determine whether increased risks for veterans are a product of military service or reflect volunteers' self-selection into the armed forces.     

The cancer screening project for women: experiences of women who partner with women and women who partner with men

The Cancer Screening Project for Women is a study about the experiences of legally unmarried women with breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. During the initial phase of the study, we conducted focus groups to explore factors that influence unmarried women's decisions about cancer screenings. Women were invited to attend one of four group discussions: (1) never married women who either partner with women (WPW) or with both women and men (WPWM), (2) previously married women who now partner either with women (WPW) or with both women and men (WPWM), (3) never married women who partner with men (WPM), and (4) previously married women who partner with men (WPM). Twenty-eight women attended the focus groups, 14 WPW and 14 WPM. Several barriers to screening were consistent across the groups and included lack of acknowledgement and validation in medical settings, administrative barriers, pain, and concerns about body image. WPW specifically discussed fears about discrimination if and when they acknowledge their sexual orientation. WPW also described how women who express their gender androgynously are more likely to avoid health care facilities. Further studies are needed to determine if the themes we identified are consistent among larger samples of unmarried women.     

Obese women show greater delay discounting than healthy-weight women

Delay discounting (DD) is a measure of the degree to which an individual is driven by immediate gratification vs. the prospect of larger, but delayed, rewards. Because of hypothesized parallels between drug addiction and obesity, and reports of increased delay discounting in drug-dependent individuals, we hypothesized that obese individuals would show higher rates of discounting than controls. Obese and healthy-weight age-matched participants of both sexes completed two versions of a DD of money task, allowing us to calculate how subjective value of $1000 or $50,000 declined as delay until hypothetical delivery increased from 2 weeks to 10 years. On both tasks, obese women (N=29) showed greater delay discounting than control women did (N=26; P values <.02). Subsequent analyses showed that these differences were not related to differences in IQ or income. Obese (N=19) and healthy-weight (N=21) men did not differ significantly. Further research is needed to determine why greater delay discounting was not also observed in obese men.     

Schizophrenia in women

This paper examines schizophrenia in women, since it is now well established that men and women differ in terms of the onset, manifestation and longitudinal course of schizophrenia. The paper emphasizes the sex differences in schizophrenia, the epidemiological features of this group of disorders, treatment issues in relation to physical health and family factors, pregnancy and breastfeeding, and how sex differences might provide clues to the aetiology of schizophrenia. The focus is on explaining sex differences in schizophrenia in which men and women may be differently vulnerable to subtypes of those disorders currently classified under the label of ‘schizophrenia.’     

Transvestism in women

Three cases are reported of a previously undefined condition—fetishistic cross-dressing in women. The outstanding common feature found in each woman is a powerful masculinity present since childhood, but no full answer is available yet to the question why these masculine women use men's garments for erotic excitement. Transvestism in women is compared with other types of cross-dressing in women and—in more detail—with transvestism in men. It is hoped that closer observation of sexual states will let us find their true nature and help to determine how women and men differ in their erotic experiences.     

女性抑郁症

资料显示抑郁症存在性别差别 ,包括流行病学资料、临床表现和疗效等方面。女性通常是男性的 2倍 ,其原因可能为生物、社会和心理综合因素造成 ,同时与女性生殖周期相关 ,如经前期、妊娠期、产后以及围绝经期。因此 ,治疗上临床医生需要考虑性别因素。     

Alcoholism in women

171 male and 171 female alcoholic inpatients living in Stockholm were examined and found to fulfill the alcoholism criteria of DSM-III-R. They comprised 171 matched pairs of men and women consecutively admitted to the Karolinska Alcohol Clinic and staying at least one week for treatment. The examination included a general medical examination, a psychiatric and social history, blood tests, ECG, computed tomography of the brain and neuropsychological testing. The subjects' and their families' possibilities of creating a good upbringing environment and their own childhood were studied. The alcoholics and their offspring were followed from the registers of the child welfare committees, temperance boards, social service departments, the Social Insurance Office and the Medical Information System of the Medical Services Board of Stockholm County Council.

The children of the female alcoholics had, during their childhood, more often had contact with an educational welfare officer, a psychologist or a physician for various problems and also had a significantly higher rate of registration in the children's welfare committee registers than children of male alcoholics. The male alcoholics more often came from broken homes. 29% of the female and 32% of the male alcoholics had been fostered by their biological mother alone or by grandparents until 16 years of age. 51% of the woman and 39% of the men had an alcohol-abusing mother and father during childhood. No fewer than 35% of the women and 58% of the men had a history of one or more of the following during childhood: nail-biting, headache, nightmares, gastritis, anxiety, obsession, somnambulism, stammering and being bullied. Signs of early social maladjustment are repeated truancy, running away from home, shop-lifting and thinner-sniffing during adolescence. Signs of social maladjustment and having been under the care of a child welfare committee were recorded in 32% and 24% respectively of the male alcoholics and 20% and 12% of the females. Those in-patients who showed signs of early social maladjustment had more often also had nervous problems during childhood.

It is concluded that female and male alcoholics resemble each other and that they both have a disturbed childhood and that female alcoholics more often have an alcohol and drug-abusing parent, nervous problems in the parents, attempted suicide by a parent and serious schisms in the family than male alcoholics.     

Benefits of participating in internet interviews: women helping women

Advantages of face-to-face qualitative interviews for participants have been addressed in the literature. The benefits of participating in qualitative interviews over the Internet, however, have yet to be discussed. Based on the experiences of 40 women who made up the sample for an Internet study on birth trauma, the author describes in this article the benefits reaped by these mothers through their participation in qualitative e-mail interviews. She used content analysis to identify these benefits. Seven themes emerged: experiencing caring by being listened to and acknowledged, sense of belonging, making sense of it all, letting go, being empowered, women helping women, and providing a voice.