血清25-羟维生素D水平对妊娠妇女细菌性阴道病发生率的影响

目的探讨妊娠中、晚期血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平对细菌性阴道病(BV)发生率的影响。方法对2013~2014年在我院进行产检的300例孕妇孕期在14~23周及24~28周的孕妇进行血清25(OH)D检测并取阴道分泌物进行BV检查,描述性统计分析25(OH)D缺乏[25(OH)D≤50.0 nmol/L]、不足[50.0 nmol/L<25(OH)D≤75.0 nmol/L]和正常[25(OH)D>75.0 nmol/L]三类孕妇的百分构成及其相应的细菌性阴道病(BV)发生率,并应用2检验比较分析其显著性水平。结果 1在孕中期妇女中,25(OH)D缺乏、不足和正常者分别占53.00%(159/300)、30.70%(92/300)和16.30%(49/300),其相对应的BV的发生率分别为42.13%(67/159)、31.50%(28/92)、8.20%(4/49);在孕晚期妇女中,25(OH)D缺乏、不足和正常者分别占69.00%(207/300)、27.00%(81/300)和4.00%(12/300),其相对应的BV的发生率分别为48.80%(101/207)、39.50%(32/81)、8.33%(1/12)。2比较分析发现:妊娠晚期比中期孕妇25(OH)D水平明显下降,相对应的BV感染率明显升高,妊娠中、晚期25(OH)D不足和缺乏组孕妇的BV发生率显著高于正常组。结论妊娠妇女随着妊娠期的延续,25(OH)D缺乏程度不断加重,BV发生率与25(OH)D缺乏程度呈正相关,在孕期中必须注意补充适量的维生素D。     

不同季节112例母婴维生素D营养状况分析

目的 以血清25-(OH)D为检测指标, 了解不同季节、不同居住环境孕妇及其新生儿的维生素D营养状况及母婴血清维生素D的相关性。方法 选取冬季(2010年12月-2011年2月)和夏季(2011年6月-2011年8月)在河北北方学院附属第二医院妇产科正常分娩的孕妇及其新生儿为研究对象。72对孕妇及其新生儿为冬季组, 40对孕妇及其新生儿为夏季组。孕妇于分娩前采集静脉血, 新生儿于娩出后采集脐血, 分离血清。酶联免疫法测定血清25-(OH)D水平。维生素D营养状况采用三分法:1)维生素D缺乏:25-(OH)D＜50 nmol/L;2)维生素D不足:50 nmol/L≤25-(OH)D＜75 nmol/L;3)维生素D充足:25-(OH)D≥75 nmol/L。结果 1)冬季和夏季孕妇血清25-(OH)D水平分别为(19.48±7.04)nmol/L和(53.15±17.50)nmol/L, 冬季显著低于夏季;对应的新生儿脐血25-(OH)D水平分别为(19.95±6.79)nmol/L和(47.39±15.31)nmol/L, 冬季显著低于夏季。2)冬季孕妇25-(OH)D水平为9.19~36.99 nmol/L, 新生儿25-(OH)D水平为7.78~37.36 nmol/L, 冬季孕妇及新生儿维生素D缺乏率为100%。夏季孕妇25-(OH)D水平为26.72~103.90 nmol/L, 新生儿25-(OH)D水平为20.76~79.91 nmol/L, 夏季孕妇和新生儿维生素D缺乏率分别为47.5%和62.5%。3)孕妇与新生儿25-(OH)D水平具有显著正相关(r=0.902)。4)冬季组孕妇及其新生儿25-(OH)D水平无城乡之间的差异;夏季组孕妇及其新生儿25-(OH)D水平存在城乡之间的差异, 农村孕妇及其新生儿25-(OH)D水平高于城市。结论 孕妇及其新生儿25-(OH)D水平存在明显的季节差异。冬季孕妇及其新生儿普遍维生素D缺乏, 即使夏季孕妇及其新生儿维生素D缺乏比率也较高。     

3 560例住院患儿血清25-羟维生素D水平临床特点分析

目的了解3 560例住院患儿血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]的营养状况及与年龄、性别、季节的关系,以期对疾病的辅助治疗提供新的线索。方法回顾性分析2016年3 560例住院患儿血清25(OH)D水平,同时收集患儿的性别、年龄、就诊时间、既往体质状况以及有无合并先天性疾病等,分析其与25(OH)D水平的关系。结果 3 560例患儿中男2 296例,女1 354例,其中维生素D缺乏278例占7.81%,平均血清25(OH)D水平为(18.78±5.705)nmol/L;维生素D不足2 721例占76.43%,平均血清25(OH)D水平为(37.82±6.249)nmol/L;维生素D充足561例占15.76%,平均血清25(OH)D水平为(58.86±16.072)nmol/L。1～6月组、6月～2岁组、2岁组之间及各年龄组不同性别之间25(OH)D水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。住院患儿血清25(OH)D水平夏季(45.00±13.799)nmol/L,春季(39.88±11.296)nmol/L,秋季(38.77±16.085)nmol/L,冬季(36.88±9.511)nmol/L,四季间两两比较,除春季与秋季外其余差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论住院患儿维生素D缺乏及不足发生率较高,冬季患儿易发生维生素D不足及缺乏。提示疾病状态、冬季是维生素D不足及缺乏的高危因素,疾病状态下及冬季应特别重视维生素D制剂的补充。     

25-羟基维生素D水平与育龄妇女营养状况的相关性分析

目的探讨血清25-羟基维生素D水平[25(OH)D]与育龄妇女营养状况的相关性。方法选取2016年1-12月在湖南省妇幼保健院健康体检的育龄妇女214例,检测25(OH)D、甲状旁腺(PTH)、空腹血糖、血清钙、磷等指标,以及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果根据维生素D水平分组,维生素D缺乏组[25(OH)D]≤25nmol/L妇女106例,不足组[25nmol/L25(OH)D]≤50 nmol/L 91例,适宜组[5025(OH)D]≤75 nmol/L 17例;各组血清PTH、血钙、血磷、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、总胆固醇和糖化血红蛋白比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);维生素D适宜组HOMA-IR为(2.30±0.77),明显低于维生素D缺乏组和不足组(P0.05);维生素D不足组HOMA-IR为(2.43±0.83),明显低于维生素D缺乏组(P0.05);胰岛素抵抗妇女血清25(OH)D水平为(24.11±4.03)nmol/L,明显低于无胰岛素抵抗妇女(P0.05);血清25(OH)D与HOMA-IR呈负相关(r=-0.277,P0.05)。结论 25-羟基维生素D水平与育龄妇女胰岛素抵抗增加有关,与血清钙、磷、PTH等生化指标无明显关系。     

妊娠期妇女维生素D状况与血糖水平关系的分析

目的了解无锡地区孕妇维生素D状况、空腹血糖水平以及二者间的关系。方法收集于该院产前诊断中心进行孕期产检的妊娠期妇女1 499例,采用ELISA法检测血清25-(OH)D浓度,己糖激酶比色法测定空腹血糖。结果无锡地区孕妇血清25-(OH)D平均值为(36.67±15.58)nmol/L,维生素D缺乏(25-(OH)D50 nmol/L)人群为77.99%,维生素D不足(25-(OH)D介于50~74.9 nom/L)人群为20.88%,维生素D充足(25-(OH)D≥75 nom/L)人群仅为1.13%;孕妇血清25-(OH)D水平在夏季、秋季、春季、冬季依次下降,分别为(43.30±16.39)nmol/L、(40.72±15.37)nmol/L、(34.27±14.48)nmol/L、(29.45±12.14)nmol/L,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);不同年龄组(19~24岁、25~29岁、30~35岁)孕妇维生素D水平具有显著性差异,30~35岁孕妇血清25-(OH)D较18~24岁高9.78%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);1 499例孕妇空腹血糖平均水平为(4.41±0.54)mmol/L,其中6.07%孕妇空腹血糖水平升高(≥5.1 mmol/L),空腹血糖与血清25-(OH)D水平呈负相关(r=-0.057,P=0.043)。结论无锡地区孕妇普遍存在维生素D水平缺乏,不同季节孕妇维生素D水平不同,维生素D水平与空腹血糖呈负相关。     

孕妇血清维生素D水平与自然流产的相关性研究

目的 探讨妊娠期孕妇血清25-羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平与自然流产的相关性.方法 将2015年6月至2017年1月在玉环县人民医院妇科病房住院的136例自然流产孕妇作为观察组,选择同期在玉环县人民医院妇产科门诊正常体检的孕妇60例作为对照组,两组病例均检测血清25-(OH)D水平,比较两组检测结果.结果 观察组血清25-(OH)D水平为(51.76±6.86)nmol/L,对照组血清25-(OH)D水平为(59.55±7.79)nmol/L,观察组血清25-(OH)D水平显著低于对照组(t=7.02,P<0.05);观察组血清25-(OH)D水平缺乏率为44.12%,对照组血清25-(OH)D水平缺乏率为26.67%,观察组血清25-(OH)D水平缺乏率显著高于对照组(χ2=5.34,P<0.05).结论 妊娠期孕妇血清25-羟维生素D缺乏可能增加自然流产发生的风险.     

广州市儿童维生素D水平及其与甲状旁腺素的关系

了解广州市儿童维生素D水平及其与甲状旁腺素(PTH)的关系,为减少儿童维生素D缺乏性疾病的发生和改善儿童骨骼健康提供科学依据.方法 采用横断面研究,对2015年广州市某妇幼保健院健康体检的976名儿童进行体格检查,采集空腹静脉血,用化学发光法检测血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]和甲状滂腺素(PTH).结果 儿童血清25(OH)D平均水平为(90.67±36.55) nmol/L,其中男童为(90.14±34.89) nmol/L,女童为(91.33±38.58) nmol/L,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).维生素D缺乏率及不足率分别为11.37%和25.31%,性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).不同年龄儿童血清25(OH)D水平差异有统计学意义(F=55.547,P<0.05),血清25(OH)D水平随年龄增长呈下降趋势.不同年龄儿童维生素D营养状况差异有统计学意义(x2=87.352,P< 0.05),维生素D缺乏率及不足率随年龄增长而升高(x2趋势=68.909,P<0.05).儿童血清PTH平均水平为(2.38±1.29) pmol/L,维生素D缺乏及不足儿童血清PTH水平均高于维生素D充足儿童,差异有统计学意义(F=10.427,P<0.05).血清25(OH)D水平与PTH呈负相关(r=-0.149,P=0.000).结论 广州市0~16岁儿童维生素D缺乏率及不足率较高,年长儿童维生素D营养状况较年幼儿童差,血清25(OH)D与PTH水平呈负相关.应采取合理措施改善儿童维生素D的营养状况.     

维生素D对冬季母乳喂养婴儿血清25-羟维生素D水平的影响

目的 了解常规口服鱼肝油对纯母乳喂养婴儿冬季血清25-羟维生素D［25(OH)D］水平的影响。方法 采用自身对照方法,于2009年12月至2010年2月,以首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院各项检查正常孕妇分娩的新生儿为对象,取脐带血2 ml,分离血清。新生儿自出生后第15天开始补充鱼肝油,随访至4个月,采集纯母乳喂养婴儿的空腹静脉血2 ml,分离血清,与脐带血清同时检测25(OH)D。结果 共43例纯母乳喂养婴儿,其中男26例,女17例。脐带血清25(OH)D为（20.9±5.1）nmol/L（12.5~32.1 nmol/L）,维生素D缺乏率为100%。第4个月婴儿静脉血清25(OH)D为（106.3±42.4）nmol/L（30.2~208.5 nmol/L）,其中4例＜50 nmol/L（维生素D缺乏率9.3%）,7例50~75 nmol/L,25例75~150 nmol/L,7例＞150 nmol/L。血清25(OH)D水平与口服鱼肝油量呈正相关（r=0.530,P=0.001）。鱼肝油漏服率（漏服时间/应服时间）平均为36.1%（39/108）,血清25(OH)D与漏服时间呈负相关（r=-0.634,P=0.001）。结论 北方冬季新生儿普遍存在维生素D缺乏,母乳喂养婴儿每日口服鱼肝油可显著提高血清25(OH)D水平,但漏服不能确保婴儿免于维生素D缺乏。     

妊娠早期维生素D缺乏对妊娠期糖尿病的预测价值及妊娠结局影响

目的:探讨妊娠早期维生素D[25(OH)D3]缺乏对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的预测价值及妊娠结局影响。方法:选取2015年1月—2017年10月本院定期产检的早期妊娠女性80例为研究对象,分别检测25(OH)D3和血糖水平。根据25(OH)D3水平分为维生素D充足组(39例)、维生素D不足组(20例)、维生素D缺乏组(21例),依据血糖水平分为GDM组和非GDM组,分析不同25(OH)D3水平组GDM及不良妊娠结局差异,logistic回归分析25(OH)D3缺乏与GDM、不良妊娠结局的关系。结果:GDM组孕妇25(OH)D3在早期妊娠和中期妊娠水平[(14.02±3.25)ng/ml]、[(13.77±3.05)ng/ml]均低于非GDM组(P0.05)。维生素D不足、缺乏组GDM发生率(45.0%、61.9%)高于维生素D充足组(P0.05)。维生素D缺乏组流产、早产、胎儿宫内窘迫的发生率(38.1%、33.3%、28.6%)高于维生素D充足组(P0.05),维生素D不足组与维生素D充足组无差异(P0.05)。妊娠早期、中期血清25(OH)D 320ng/ml孕妇发生GDM的OR值分别为3.828(95%CI:1.398～10.95)、6.201(95%CI:1.692～20.86);妊娠早期25(OH)D 320ng/ml孕妇发生流产、早产、胎儿宫内窘迫的OR值为1.482(95%CI:1.120～4.352)、1.771(95%CI:1.135～3.035)、1.350(95%CI:1.251～6.325)。结论:GDM孕妇存在25(OH)D 3不足和缺乏,且与GDM的发生和妊娠不良结局均相关,检测25(OH)D 3可预测GDM和不良妊娠结局的发生。     

高龄非酒精性脂肪肝患者与血清25-羟维生素D水平的相关性研究

目的探讨高龄非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者血清25-羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平变化及与NAFLD发生发展的相关性。方法选择在北京大学人民医院老年科住院的老年患者434例,年龄为(80.05±8.69)岁,分为NAFLD组(n=138例),无NAFLD组(n=296例),检测血清25-(OH)D水平。结果 NAFLD组血清25-(OH)D水平[(33.43,66.01)nmol/L]显著低于无NAFLD组[(41.55,17.53)nmol/L](P0.05);在NAFLD组中维生素D缺乏的患者比例明显升高(P0.05)。结论 NAFLD组的血清25-(OH)D水平低于无NAFLD组。血清25-(OH)D水平与老年NAFLD显著相关。     

High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in black and white pregnant women residing in the northern United States and their neonates

In utero or early-life vitamin D deficiency is associated with skeletal problems, type 1 diabetes, and schizophrenia, but the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in U.S. pregnant women is unexplored. We sought to assess vitamin D status of pregnant women and their neonates residing in Pittsburgh by race and season. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at 4-21 wk gestation and predelivery in 200 white and 200 black pregnant women and in cord blood of their neonates. Over 90% of women used prenatal vitamins. Women and neonates were classified as vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D<37.5 nmol/L], insufficient [25(OH)D 37.5-80 nmol/L], or sufficient [25(OH)D>80 nmol/L]. At delivery, vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency occurred in 29.2% and 54.1% of black women and 45.6% and 46.8% black neonates, respectively. Five percent and 42.1% of white women and 9.7% and 56.4% of white neonates were vitamin D deficient and insufficient, respectively. Results were similar at <22 wk gestation. After adjustment for prepregnancy BMI and periconceptional multivitamin use, black women had a smaller mean increase in maternal 25(OH)D compared with white women from winter to summer (16.0+/-3.3 nmol/L vs. 23.2+/-3.7 nmol/L) and from spring to summer (13.2+/-3.0 nmol/L vs. 27.6+/-4.7 nmol/L) (P<0.01). These results suggest that black and white pregnant women and neonates residing in the northern US are at high risk of vitamin D insufficiency, even when mothers are compliant with prenatal vitamins. Higher-dose supplementation is needed to improve maternal and neonatal vitamin D nutriture.     

2012年广州地区25 295名儿童维生素D营养状况分析

目的 分析广州地区25 295名儿童维生素D营养状况与年龄、季节的关系。 方法 采用酶联免疫法检测25-羟基维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平,收集2012年全年广州市妇女儿童医疗中心25 295例0~16周岁健康儿童25-(OH)D结果,维生素D营养状况以血清水平判断:维生素D严重缺乏(<12.5 nmol/L)、维生素D缺乏(12.5~37.5 nmol/L)、维生素D不足(37.5~50.0 nmol/L),分别各年龄组及各月份应用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。结果 2012年广州地区25 295例儿童25-(OH)D平均水平72.41 nmol/L,无性别差异;无维生素D严重缺乏病例;25-(OH)D<50 nmol/L的比例为13.22%。儿童25-(OH)D水平随年龄的增长而降低,维生素D的缺乏和不足与年龄呈正比;2012年1月份为全年最低水平,1~7月份25-(OH)D水平逐月上升, 8、9月份达到全年峰值,10~12月份逐月下降;各月份维生素D缺乏和不足的比例在1月份为全年最高,全年最低值在9月份。 结论广州地区在冬春季节儿童维生素D营养水平较低,3周岁以上的儿童维生素D营养缺乏较严重。     

城市居民维生素D营养状况调查

目的调查分析浙江2城市居民维生素D营养状况。方法选取杭州、宁波2城市,按多阶段整群随机抽样方法,采集442名居民的血样,采用放射免疫法进行血清25羟维生素D[25（OH）D]检测,分析2城市居民维生素D营养状况。结果 6岁-、12岁-、18岁-、45岁-和60岁-组血清中25（OH）D中位数分别为53.19（41.85-64.89）、48.76（32.56-60.52）、59.91（48.05-72.79）、68.67（55.50-78.07）和70.97（56.91-84.65）nmol/L。居民维生素D缺乏、不足、正常和适宜人数分别占2.95%、30.84%、44.22%和22.00%。结论所调查的2城市居民维生素D缺乏状况普遍,维生素D营养状况有待改善。     

High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Pregnant Saudi Women

Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a public health problem worldwide due to its important role in health and disease. The present work is intended to examine prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant Saudi women and related risk factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 160 pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and maternal characteristics were collected and vitamin D intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. Weight and height were measured using standardized methods. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (25(OH)D = 50–74 nmol/L) were reported in 50% and 43.8% of the study sample, respectively. Median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 49.9 nmol/L. Adequate vitamin D intake (≥600 IU/day) was reported among only 8.1% of pregnant women. Age group, educational level, sun exposure frequency and daytime and daily practice of exercise were significantly associated with vitamin D status. Overall, vitamin D deficiency was common among pregnant Saudi women in Riyadh. Steps should be taken to address the current situation, including increased sunlight exposure, consumption of fatty fish, and vitamin D supplements.     

Public health implications of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: A decrease in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among older women in Germany

Objective.

To compare the public health implications of using unstandardized immunoassay measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations versus using measurements standardized by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) when assessing the prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency in various subgroups of individuals.

Method.

We standardized immunoassay-based measurements of 25(OH)D with LC-MS/MS in a population-based sample of 5386 women aged 50-74 recruited in 2000-2002 in Germany. We used multivariate regression to assess 25(OH)D determinants and the association of vitamin D deficiency with health status.

Results.

Prevalences of 25(OH)D levels < 50 nmol/L (insufficiency) and < 30 nmol/L (deficiency) decreased considerably by standardization. The decrease in vitamin D deficiency (from 64.4% to 17.9%) was particularly strong in March-May among women aged ≥ 65. Independent of season of blood draw and standardization, women ≥ 70 years, obese, or currently smoking had an increased risk of having 25(OH)D levels < 30 nmol/L.

Conclusion.

The proportion of older women with vitamin D deficiency in Germany is much lower than previously reported, but prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high. Standardization of 25(OH)D values by immunoassay methods to LC-MS/MS equivalent values or direct measurement by LC-MS/MS is indispensable in drawing valid conclusions about the health implications of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency.     

Vitamin D status among postmenopausal Malaysian women

Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) were determined in 276 (103 Malays and 173 Chinese) postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 65 years. The level of 25 (OH) D was significantly lower in the postmenopausal Malay women (44.4 +/-10.6 nmol/L) compared to the Chinese women (68.8 +/- 15.7 nmol/L) (P<0.05). There were 27% Malay women with serum 25 (OH) D in the range of 50 - 100 nmol/L (defined as lowered vitamin D status, or hypovitaminosis D) and 71% with levels in the range of 25 - 50 nmol/L (defined as vitamin D insufficiency) compared to 87% and 11% Chinese women respectively. Serum 25 (OH) D was found to significantly correlate with BMI, fat mass and PTH level. Multivariate analyses showed that race has a strong association with vitamin D status. The high prevalence of inadequate levels of serum vitamin D found in our study may have important public health consequences and warrants the development of a strategy to correct this problem in the older adult Malaysian population.     

冬季早期婴儿维生素D营养状况观察

目的 观察早期婴儿维生素D营养状况,为合理地补充维生素D提供依据。方法 以我国北方地区冬季出生的72例婴儿为研究对象,自生后15 d起口服维生素D补充剂,满月起逐月询问生活史和体检。于出生及4月龄时分别采集脐血和静脉血,测定血清25-(OH)D、钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶浓度。结果 脐血25-(OH)D平均水平(21.91±5.75)nmol/L,72例(100.0%)维生素D缺乏;婴儿4月龄时血清25-(OH)D平均水平(108.12±45.30)nmol/L,10例(13.9%)维生素D缺乏。血清25-(OH)D平均水平在每日摄入维生素D 200 U~组升至(112.37±37.98)nmol/L,在400 U~组升至(133.97±34.93)nmol/L。但维生素D不足和缺乏者在每日摄入维生素D 200 U~组6例(23.1%),400 U~组仅2例(7.1%)。新生儿及婴儿血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶水平均正常。结论 北方地区冬季新生儿普遍存在维生素D缺乏,生后尽早补充可以显著改善维生素D营养状况。每日补充200 U维生素D可显著提高早期婴儿血清25-(OH)D水平;若要达到维生素D营养充足,至少补充400 U维生素D。     

Vitamin D Status in Malaysian Men and Its Associated Factors

Vitamin D insufficiency is a global health problem. The data on vitamin D status in Malaysian men is insufficient. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status among Chinese and Malay men in Malaysia and its associating factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 men aged 20 years and above, residing in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Their age, ethnicity, body anthropometry and calcaneal speed of sound (SOS) were recorded. Their fasting blood was collected for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact parathyroid (PTH), total calcium and inorganic phosphate assays. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level <30 nmol/L and insufficiency as a serum 25(OH)D level between 30 and 50 nmol/L. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 0.5%, and insufficiency was 22.7%. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more prevalent in the Malays compared to the Chinese. Being Chinese, older in age, having lower body mass index (BMI) and a high physical activity status were associated significantly with a higher serum 25(OH)D level (p < 0.05). The serum PTH level was inversely associated with the serum 25(OH)D level (p < 0.05). As a conclusion, a significant proportion of Malaysian men have vitamin D insufficiency, although deficiency is uncommon. Steps should be taken to correct the vitamin D status of these men.     

Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in young adult Japanese women: a cross sectional study

OBJECTIVES: The vitamin D nutrition status of young adult women is unclear, but a recent preliminary report suggested that they may have vitamin D insufficiency. This study assessed the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), an index of vitamin D nutrition status, in young adult Japanese women in comparison with those in older women and investigated whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with other calcium-related hormones and bone mass. METHODS: A cross sectional study of 77 healthy women, age 19 to 66 y, working in nursing homes in Japan was conducted in the winter of 1999 and 2000. The investigation included blood tests, forearm bone mass measurements, and a lifestyle questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in women younger than 30 y was 34.0 nmol/L (standard deviation [SD] = 11.0) and significantly lower than that in women 30 y and older (50.0 nmol/L, SD = 14.4). The proportion of subjects younger than 30 y who had serum 25(OH)D concentrations less than 30 nmol/L was 42.1% and was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the proportion of those 30 y and older (10.3%). There was a weak but significant linear association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and forearm bone mineral content (R(2) = 0.114, P = 0.0052) but not between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and bone mineral density. The association held after adjusting for body weight (R(2) = 0.139, P = 0.0111). Serum intact parathyroid hormone concentrations were within the normal range and not associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in young adult Japanese women (<30 y old) are lower than those of older adult women (30 to 66 y), and lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations are likely associated with lower forearm bone mineral content.