纤维心包镜在中大量心包积液病因诊断中的应用

目的观察纤维心包镜在中大量心包积液诊断中的作用。方法对188例中大量心包积液病因不明患者进行剑突下心包开窗术及纤维心包镜检查,明确心包积液病因及镜下表现。结果癌性心包炎90例,心包积液多为血性,符合镜下特征51例,临床病因诊断符合率56.7%;非特异性心包炎67例,诊断符合率56.7%;结核性心包炎22例,诊断符合率63.6%;化脓性心包炎8例,诊断符合率100%。术中曾出现心率减慢、血压偏低7例,气胸6例,腹膜损伤3例,偶发室性期前收缩30例,减压性肺水肿6例,经相应治疗或自行缓解。结论纤维心包镜对中大量心包积液的病因诊断有较大的实用价值。     

689例心包积液病因及误诊分析

目的：分析心包积液病因变化及误诊原因。方法：病例回顾分析。结果：结核性、非特异性、肿瘤性、心力衰竭性及尿毒症性心包积液分别占６８９例心包积液的２５．５％、１２．６％、１２．２％、６．５％和６．１％，其他各种原因所致者合计占３７．１％。结核性心包积液由８０年代中期以前的２９．０％降至８０年代中期以后的２２．３％（Ｐ＜０．０５），而肿瘤性心包积液则由９．９％升至１４．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：结核性心包积液比例明显下降，而肿瘤性心包积液所占比例则明显上升。心包积液病因误诊主要是将肿瘤性心包积液误诊为其他性质心包积液     

心包置管引流并IL-2治疗癌性心包积液

2000年9月至2003年4月，我科采用中心静脉导管置管加心包腔内间歇注入白介素-2(IL-2)100万U治疗癌性心包积液9例，并与同期采用单纯置管引流的8例癌性心包积液患者比较。现报告如下。     

72例心包积液病因及误诊分析

目的 分析72例心包积液病因及误诊原因。方法 回顾分析2000年1月-2006年3月诊断有心包积液的病例72例。结果 心包积液病因依次是肿瘤性（22．2％）；结核性（16．7％）；心力衰竭性（12．5％）；非特异性（11．1％）；甲状腺机能减退性（8．3％）；其他病因及诊断不明的占29．2％。结论 肿瘤性心包积液发病率最高，且肿瘤性心包积液误诊为结核性及非特异性最高。     

经剑突下心包穿刺留置导管治疗癌性或结核性心包积液的经验

经剑突下心包穿刺留置导管治疗癌性或结核性心包积液的经验张绍仪，杜修海８２例大量心包积液患者均经Ｘ线及超声心动图等检查证实隔面有２．０ｃｍ以上液性暗区，经组织学或细菌学证实癌性４２例，结核性４０例，随机分为两组，常规穿刺组３１例，采用经剑突下心包穿刺留...     

导管法治疗心包积液30例分析

自1999年2月以来．我们采用中心静脉导管心包置人法治疗心包积液30例，取得满意效果。现报告如下。资料与方法：30例中，男18例，女12例；年龄6～72岁，平均38．5岁；其中结核性心包积液16例，心脏术后迟发性心包积液6例，化脓性心包积液3例，癌性心包积液1例，原因不明心包积液4例。     

中心静脉导管引流治疗恶性心包积液的护理

心包疾病是一种常见疾病。据尸检统计发病率约为5%,Hiroki[1]及韩立宪等[2]经纤维心包镜检查统计,恶性心包积液约占心包积液病因的47.1%,且心包积液生长迅速,积液量多,患者常出现心包填塞的症状,有效的控制积液对改善病人症状、提高病人的生活质量尤为重要。我院自2002-01～200     

经皮心包、胸腔导管引流术

常规治疗心包积液针穿抽吸法往往需要多次穿刺,有刺伤心肌冠脉之虑,而常规治疗胸腔积液、气胸所采用的胸腔闭式引流术损伤又较大。我科应用经皮穿刺心包、胸腔导管引流术治疗3例癌性心包积液,2例癌性胸腔积液,4例自发性气胸,收效较好,现介绍如下:     

癌性心包积液12例报告

癌性心包积液１２例报告淄博市淄川区人民医院（２５５１００）丁乃晴本文１２例癌性心包积液病人中，肺癌９例，乳腺癌３例，均经临床、Ｘ线、Ｂ超及病理检查确诊。其中男９例，女３例，年龄３６～６５岁。１２例均逐渐出现呼吸困难、心前区压迫感，端坐，不能平卧，肝大...     

心包介入法诊断和治疗肺癌合并心包转移

心包介入法诊断和治疗肺癌合并心包转移王蓉吴建国董其克肺癌合并心包转移的诊断用心包穿刺后细胞学检查方法很难确定。心包液的病因诊断率仅为２０％～２５％。癌性积液生长迅速极易导致急性心包填塞，不及时处理很快死亡。我们从１９９４年２月应用超声监测经皮心包介入...     

115例结核性毁损肺的耐药分析及临床特点

目的 分析结核性毁损肺耐药情况及临床特征,为耐药肺结核的诊断与治疗提供依据。 方法 对2005年5月至2011年5月住院的结核性毁损肺患者115例的耐药分型、耐药的分布、病变部位情况、结核性毁损肺病程与耐药关系、耐药结核性毁损肺是否规律治疗情况、及肺内临床表现与耐药关系进行分析。并对结核性毁损肺耐药的60例患者,分为病程>5年、1年<病程≤5年和病程≤1年的3组,对病程与耐药情况进行进一步分析统计。应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。 结果 115例结核性毁损肺中,耐药60例,非耐药55例。结核性毁损肺耐药率为52.2%。在60例耐药的结核性毁损肺中,单耐药3例,占5.0%;多耐药15例,占25.0%;耐多药(MDR-TB)29例,占48.3%;广泛耐药(XDR-TB)13例,占21.7%。单耐药、多耐药、耐多药、广泛耐药比较,耐多药易发生毁损肺,差异有统计学意义（χ²=22.933, P<0.001）。在60例耐药患者中,抗结核药物中最易发生耐药的是利福喷丁（Rft）,占90.0%（54/60）,其余依次为RFP（占86.7%,52/60）、INH（占71.7%,43/60）、S（占68.3%,41/60）、Lfx（占53.3%,32/60）、丙硫异烟胺(Pto)（占40.0%,24/60）,其中卷曲霉素(Cm)和Ofx耐药最低［占10.0%（6/60）和13.3%（8/60）］。60例耐药患者病程与耐药关系：病程≤1年与其他比较易发生耐药,病程>5年（4例）、1年<病程≤5年（14例）和病程≤1年（42例）。3组相比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=38.800,P<0.001）,耐药肺结核可能在短时间内（1年内）发生毁损肺,治疗耐药肺结核的关键是第一年。结核性毁损肺耐药患者,不规律治疗易发生耐药规律治疗17例（28.3%）,不规律治疗43例（71.7%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=11.267,P<0.05）。 结论 结核性毁损肺耐药情况较为严重,耐药患者以耐多药多见,结核性毁损肺耐药的患者耐药率高与毁损肺本身是互为因果、相辅相成的。     

Chromogranin A and biochemical progression-free survival in prostate adenocarcinomas submitted to radical prostatectomy

The primary aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic role of elevated levels of chromogranin A (CgA) in terms of biochemical prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression after radical prostatectomy (RRP) for prostate adenocarcinoma. Two hundred and sixty-four consecutive men with non-metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma submitted to RRP represented our population. In all cases, a blood sample for the determination of serum total PSA and CgA levels was obtained (RIA). Two different upper reference values for serum CgA levels were used: > 60 and > 90 ng/ml. The main end point of this study was biochemical (PSA) progression-free survival. In our population, 35.0% (91/264 cases) of cases presented a serum CgA level > 60 ng/ml and only 6.4% (17/264) presented CgA > 90 ng/ml. After RRP, during a mean follow-up of 64.59 +/- 26.34 months (median 60 months; range 12-120 months), 59 patients (22.3%) showed a biochemical (PSA) progression. Using 60 ng/ml as upper reference value for CgA, 10.4 and 45.0% of cases showed PSA progression after RRP in the group with preoperative CgA levels < or = 60 and > 60 ng/ml respectively. The proportion of PSA progression-free survival was significantly lower in cases with preoperative CgA > 60 ng/ml than in cases with CgA < or = 60 ng/ml (P < 0.0001). In addition, at the multivariate analysis, preoperative serum CgA levels were confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for PSA progression after RRP. In non-metastatic prostate carcinomas, we described a significant prognostic role of CgA in terms of biochemical progression-free survival.     

原发性肝癌患者乙型肝炎病毒基因型与突变的地区性差异分析

目的 研究原发性肝癌患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型、亚型和突变的地区性差异.方法 HBV阳性的原发性肝癌组织标本80例,其中广西地区20例,上海、浙江、江苏(长三角地区)60例.应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增患者携带的HBV DNA序列,PCR产物直接纯化测序.用NCBI在线的软件viral genotyping tool确定HBV基因型,MEGA(Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis,version 3.1)软件构建系统进化树和进行亚型分型及突变分析.结果 80例肝癌标本中,17例为B基因型(21.3%),57例为C基因型(71.3%),6例为B、C基因型混合感染(7.5%).对17例B基因型和57例C基因型的亚型分型,其中B基因型的亚型全部为B2型,C基因型的亚型有C1、C2、C5等三型,其中有12例为C1型(21.1%),44例为C2型(77.2%),1例为C5型(1.8%).广西地区的C1亚型35%(7/20)明显高于长三角地区的C1亚型8.5%(5/60),而广西地区的C2亚型20%(4120)明显低于长三角地区的C2亚型66.7%(40160).两地区HBV基因亚型分布在统计学上有显著差异.比较两地区的HBV序列还发现,广西地区B基因型CP区T1762/A1764呈现更高的突变性,有6例(100%)存在突变,而长三角地区只有2例(16.7%).结论 两地区原发性肝癌患者的HBV亚型分布和基因型B的CP区T1762/A1764突变率有显著差异.     

Clinical and laboratory features of de novo acute myeloid leukaemia with trilineage myelodysplasia

Primary myelodysplastic syndromes progress to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in about 30% of cases. We have sought evidence of pre-existing trilineage myelodysplasia (TMDS) using the FAB criteria (1982) in 160 consecutive cases of primary de novo AML. TMDS was found in 24 cases (15%) including two of 33 cases of M1 (6%), four of 40 cases of M2 (10%), none of 18 cases of M3, five of 31 cases of M4 (15%), six of 30 cases of M5 (20%), all of six cases of M6 and one of two cases of M7. The median presentation bone-marrow blast-cell count in the 24 AML/TMDS cases was 53% (30-90%) and 82% (45-100%) in the 136 cases of AML without TMDS. 60% of the AML/TMDS bone-marrow aspirates contained fewer than 60% of blasts compared with only 11% of those from AML without TMDS (P less than 0.001). In AML the occurrence of symptomatic cytopenias when the marrow blast-cell count is below 60% and the peripheral blood blast-cell count is below 20% is highly correlated with dysplastic haemopoiesis (P less than 0.001).     

Clinical and endoscopic features of ischemic colitis

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical and endoscopic features, and outcome of ischemic colitis. METHODS: Sixty cases with the diagnosis of ischemic colitis were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were under observation in hospital and most of them underwent colonoscopy at least twice: once for diagnosis and then follow‐up after treatment. The demographic data, presenting symptoms, endoscopic findings, laboratory tests, and treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty‐two of the 60 cases were over 50 years old (87%; mean age, 59.9 years): 40 female, 20 male (2 : 1); 76.0% of these patients had a coexistent disease such as a cardio‐cerebrovascular disorder, diabetes, hematologic diseases or a previous history of abdominal surgery. Abdominal pain (57/60, 95%), hematochezia (55/60, 91.7%), and diarrhea (26/60, 43.3%) were the main complaints. Lesions seen on colonoscopy were more commonly located in the left colon (46/60, 79.3%) and rectum (5/60, 8.6%), and were characteristically segment‐distributed, including hemorrhagic edematous mucosa, erosions, ulcerations, pseudopolyps, and stricture. Ultrasonography revealed colonic wall thickening in 13 cases (13/55, 21.7%), and small to moderate ascites was detected in 4 cases (4/55, 7.3%). In this cohort, most of the patients recovered (49/60, 81.7%) or improved (10/60, 16.7%) after conservative treatment. Only one patient who had a myocardial infarction prior to the onset of the ischemic colitis, died from peritonitis complicated with septic shock. Progress and outcome were associated with the patient's age, severity of the lesions, clinical course, underlying diseases and the complications. CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy is safe and helpful in the early diagnosis of ischemic colitis. Nongangrenous colonic ischemia usually requires only medical management and is associated with a good prognosis.     

Systematic evaluation of paediatric cohort with iron refractory iron deficiency anaemia (IRIDA) phenotype reveals multiple TMPRSS6 gene variations

Systematic screening identified patients with an iron refractory iron deficiency anaemia (IRIDA) phenotype and genotype in iron‐deficient children in the Indian subcontinent. Cases of moderate to severe microcytosis and anaemia with no obvious cause and normal C‐reactive protein, HbA₂ and tissue transglutaminase antibody levels (n  = 550) were put on a trial of oral iron for 4 weeks. Sixty of these 550 cases (11%) were variably refractory to oral iron therapy (<10 g/l Hb rise) at 4–6 weeks and were subsequently evaluated for plasma iron, ferritin and hepcidin levels. The mean age of this cohort was 2.06 years. Low‐normal to normal ferritin and normal to high hepcidin levels were noted in 25/60 (41.6%) and 47/60 (78.3%), respectively. An IRIDA phenotype was noted in 38.3% (23/60) based on standard criteria. TMPRSS6 gene sequencing in 20 cases with IRIDA phenotype revealed 9 potentially deleterious intronic and two benign exonic variations in 12/20 cases (60%). Of these, 4 intronic and both exonic variations were noted in multiple cases and are likely to act synergistically leading to an IRIDA phenotype. However, given that only 38% (23/60 cases) of cases with iron refractoriness had IRIDA phenotype, a balanced approach is needed and other causes for refractoriness should be investigated before genetic studies for TMPRSS6 are undertaken.     

湖南省157例结核病并发HIV感染患者的特点分析

目的 分析湖南省结核病并发HIV感染患者的流行病学及临床特征,为其防治提供可靠的参考依据。方法 收集2013—2017年湖南省胸科医院收治的157例结核病并发HIV感染患者,作为观察组;并通过分层随机抽样方法,从同期本院收治的未感染HIV的结核病患者中抽取200例作为对照组,对两组患者的社会学特征、临床特征、实验室检测等指标,以及结核病并发HIV感染患者的影响因素进行统计分析。结果 单因素分析结果显示,男性(125例,79.6%)、年龄在20~60岁[其中20~39岁55例(35.0%)、40~60岁79例(50.3%)]、已婚(102例,65.0%)、发热(70例,44.6%)、颈部肿块(31例,19.7%)、腹胀(9例,5.7%)、腹痛(10例,6.4%)、淋巴结结核(50例,31.8%)、并发梅毒感染(32例,23.0%)的结核病患者更易被检出HIV感染,差异均有统计学意义(χ ²值分别为7.55、21.31、15.06、49.98、15.70、4.85、5.95、22.39、25.05,P值分别为0.006、0.000、0.005、0.000、0.000、0.028、0.015、0.000、0.000);结核抗体、结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)检测在观察组的阳性检出率[16.8%(25/149)和61.7%(50/81)]均低于对照组[34.1%(60/176)和78.2%(86/110)],差异均有统计学意义(χ ²值分别为12.52、6.45,P值分别为0.000、0.040)。多因素分析结果显示,结核病患者中20~39岁和40~60岁年龄组是影响结核病并发HIV感染的危险因素[OR值(95%CI值)分别为12.54(1.53~102.89)、9.09(1.20~69.40)];临床表现为发热、淋巴结结核、并发梅毒感染在结核病并发HIV感染患者中的比率更高[OR值(95%CI值)分别为6.51(2.35~18.01)、5.80(1.93~17.41)、15.06(2.71~83.84);结核病并发HIV感染患者并发支气管结核的比率更低[OR值(95%CI值)为0.03(0.00~0.31)]。 结论 20~60岁年龄段的结核病患者出现HIV感染的概率更大,结核病并发HIV感染临床表现以发热、淋巴结结核为主要特征。     

Immunohistologic study on focal lymphocytic infiltration in the liver of the elderly autopsy cases

Immunologic and immunohistologic analyses were performed on lymphocytic infiltration in periportal areas of the liver obtained from 105 autopsy cases over 60 years of age and 63 cases under 60 years of age, all cases showing no symptoms of overt liver diseases. Lymphocytic infiltration in the periportal areas began to be found in the livers of young autopsy cases in the 4th decade, with an incidence of more than 60%. The incidence reached 100% in cases of 6th decade and over, accompanied by increased severity. The infiltrating lymphocytes consisted mainly of T cells, (approximately 85%), regardless of sex, age and underlying diseases. In terms of T cell subsets composing the infiltrating lymphocytes, there were 3 types; A:CD4+ cells greater than CD8+ cells. B:CD4+ cells = CD8+ cells. C:CD4+ cells greater than CD8+ cells. Type A was seen in 60/105 cases (57%), type B in 10/105 (9%) and type C in 35/105 (34%). The presence of cases with predominant CD8+ cells appeared to be characteristic of lymphocytic infiltration lesions in the liver, and was different from lesions in other organs. It was suggested that lesion of lymphocytic infiltration in the periportal areas of the liver might be of an autoimmune nature, gradually advancing with age.     

ras、c—erbB—2、P^53基因与金葡菌L型感染在实验性小鼠肿瘤中的作用

目的 探讨癌基因ras、c-erbB-2和抑癌基因P^53与金葡菌L型感染在C57小鼠致瘤中的作用和意义。方法 应用免疫组化及核酸原位杂交对L型感染后诱发的10只小鼠肿瘤的13只小鼠癌前病变组织进行ras、c-erbB-2及P^53蛋白产物及基因的检测。结果 小鼠肿中P^21、c-erbB-2、P^53的蛋白表达阳性率分别为60％、70％、60％;癌前病变15．38％、15．38％、38．46％。原位核酸杂交ras、c-erbB-2、P^53、mRNA表达在小鼠肿瘤中分别为50％、70％、50％;癌前病变中为15．38％、0％、38．46％。结论 癌基因ras、c-erbB-2及抑癌基因P^53在小鼠肿瘤中有不同程度异常表达,L型极有可能成为诱癌因素之一,它们有协同致癌作用。     

Interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma patterns during tuberculosis treatment: possible association with recurrence

Interleukin (IL) 10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-) levels in induced sputum supernatants of 21 tuberculosis (TB) patients at diagnosis and during chemotherapy were correlated to recurrence rates. IL-10 decreased until day 60 of treatment (T60), and between T60 and T180 it increased again in 7 cases (Pattern 1) and further decreased in 14 cases (Pattern 2). Follow-up of 69 months was performed in 20/21 cases; 6 had recurrence of TB, of which 5/7 (71%) had Pattern 1 and 1/13 (7.7%) Pattern 2 (OR 30.0, 95%CI 2.19411.3, P 0.0072). This was not observed for IFN-. High IL-10 levels at the end of treatment may function as a risk factor for TB recurrence.