彩色多普勒超声心动图评估老年房间隔缺损患者右心室形态及收缩功能的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图(CDE)对老年房间隔缺损(ASD)患者右心室形态及收缩功能的评估价值。方法超声科收治的60例老年ASD患者为ASD组,根据不同的肺动脉收缩压(PASP)将ASD患者分为无肺动脉高压患者(PASP<35 mm Hg,低压组)29例和肺动脉高压患者(PASP>35 mm Hg,高压组)31例,并选取该院同期体检正常的成人志愿者30例作为对照组。使用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)对研究对象的右心室形态及收缩功能进行检测和分析,分析参数包括:右心室舒张末期内径(RVDD)、右心室舒张末期容积(RVEDV)、右心室收缩末期容积(RVESV)、右心室每搏量(RVSV)、右心室射血分数(RVEF)。结果 ASD组RVDD、RVEDV、RVESV及RVSV均显著高于对照组,而RVEF显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。高压组RVDD、RVEDV、RVESV、RVSV显著高于低压组和对照组,RVEF显著低于低压组和对照组,高压组ASD最大直径显著高于低压组(P<0.05),低压组RVDD、RVEDV、RVESV、RVSV及RVEF与对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。经Pearson相关分析显示,ASD患者RVEF与患者ASD最大直径、RVDD、RVEDV、RVESV呈负相关(r=-0.387,-0.352,-0.226,-0.302;P=0.015,0.000,0.012,0.023),与RVSV无相关性(r=0.182,P=0.253)。结论 RT-3DE对老年ASD患者的右心室形态及收缩功能评估具有高准确性。     

超声心动图评价肺栓塞患者右心室功能的应用价值及其危险分层的影响因素分析

目的:研究超声心动图评价肺栓塞(PE)患者右心室功能的应用价值并分析PE危险分层的影响因素。方法:选择2016年2月~2017年8月于我院接受治疗的PE患者130例。对所有患者进行危险分层,其中高危组48例,中低危组82例,另选择取同期健康体检者60例作为正常对照组。所有对象均接受二维超声心动图与组织多普勒成像检查,测量比较各组肺动脉干内径以及肺动脉收缩压水平、右室Tei指数、右室舒张末容积(RVEDV)、右室每搏输出量(RVSV)、右室射血分数(RVEF)、右室收缩末容积(RVESV),并以多元Logistic回归分析PE危险分层的独立危险因素。结果:与正常对照组、中低危组比较,高危组的肺动脉干内径[(22.02±1.33)mm比(24.42±2.02)mm比(36.31±2.12)mm]、肺动脉收缩压[(22.28±2.71)mmHg比(32.42±4.83)mmHg比(84.57±21.01)mmHg]、右室Tei指数[(0.30±0.04)比(0.40±0.06)比(0.66±0.05)]、RVEDV[(68.08±4.71)ml比(75.55±7.88)ml比(123.29±7.14)ml]和RVESV[(29.33±3.46)ml比(43.12±6.11)ml比(87.01±9.94)ml]均显著升高,RVSV[(37.79±3.82)ml比(35.34±1.89)ml比(33.12±3.28)ml]和RVEF[(56.93±3.00)%比(45.37±4.88)%比(25.48±4.92)%]均显著降低;且中低危组的肺动脉干内径、肺动脉收缩压、右室Tei指数、RVEDV和RVESV均显著高于正常对照组,RVSV和RVEF显著低于正常对照组,P均=0.001。多元Logistic回归分析显示,肺动脉收缩压、右室Tei指数和RVESV是影响PE危险分层的独立危险因素(OR=1.789~5.602,P0.05或0.01)。结论:超声心动图应用于肺栓塞患者右心室功能评价有较高的临床价值,且肺动脉收缩压、右心室Tei指数以及RVESV三项指标可用于危险分层。     

房间隔缺损介入治疗封堵器的选择对心脏重构的影响

目的 探讨经导管介入封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)的封堵器选择对其疗效及心脏形态学重构的影响.方法 入选146例ASD患者,年龄13.5～70.0(33.5±12.4)岁.其中73例(A组)根据椭圆周长数学公式计算缺损直径选择封堵器型号,另外73例(B组)根据超声心动图测量长径选择封堵器型号.应用经胸超声心动图分别测量ASD患者经导管封堵治疗术前、术后3 d、3个月和6个月的左心房收缩末期横径(LALD)、右心房横径(RALD)、RALD/LALD比值、右心室舒张末期内径(RVDD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDD)、RVDD/LVDD比值及肺动脉内径.结果 A组缺损内径为(20.16±4.98)mm,B组为(21.36±5.69)mm,差异无统计学意义.封堵器直径A组小于B组[(21.95±6.78)mm比(25.85±6.75)mm,P<0.05].142例封堵术成功,两组成功率差异无统计学意义,无主要手术相关并发症发生.随访6个月无残余分流发生.两组患者随访期间RALD、RVDD、RALD/LALD和RVDD/LVDD比值明显下降,肺动脉内径逐渐缩小,LALD、LVDD逐渐增大.A组改善心房重构程度明显大于B组(P<0.05).结论 椭圆形周长公式在非圆形ASD封堵器选择中具有重要应用价值;封堵器大小对心脏重构有明显影响.     

TEE技术与PAC法监测心脏容量负荷与心脏血流动力学变化的一致性研究

目的:评价经食管超声心动图(TEE)法与肺动脉导管(PAC)法监测心脏容量负荷与心脏血流动力学指标的一致性。方法:选择在我院进行冠状动脉旁路移植手术的45例患者,术中分别采用TEE及PAC监测右室舒张末期容量(RVEDV)、右室收缩末期容量(RVESV)和右室射血分数(RVEF),比较两种方法监测数据的一致性。结果:与基础值比较,TEE和PAC法均显示,负荷后RVEDV[TEE:(38±6)ml比(51±9ml),PAC:(153±17)ml比(188±19)ml]、RVESV[TEE:(19±4)ml比(33±5)ml,PAC:(92±16)ml比(110±23)ml]均显著增加(P均0.01),RVEF均无显著差异(P0.05)。PAC与TEE法在治疗前监测的RVEDV、RVESV、RVEF结果均具有良好相关性,相关系数均在0.8以上(r=0.844、0.862、0.916,P均0.01),在治疗后监测的RVEDV、RVESV的相关系数显著降到0.6以下(r=0.552、0.579,P均0.05),RVEF的相关系数仍保持在0.8以上(r=0.892,P0.01)。结论:经食管超声心动图与肺动脉导管在临床监测中一致性较高,前者为非创伤性检查,便于临床采用。     

房间隔缺损合并肺动脉瓣狭窄介入治疗的临床评价

目的:探讨房间隔缺损(ASD)合并肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)行介入治疗的临床安全性及其疗效。方法:31例患者,年龄2.5~67(中位年龄31)岁;24例经胸超声心动图(TTE)诊断为ASD合并PS,房间隔缺损最大直径为7~27(16.0±4.8)mm,7例超声心动图术前漏诊ASD,肺动脉瓣狭窄压差35~120(89.8±22.9)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa),所有患者术前行右心室造影检查。先行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV),而后置入房间隔缺损封堵器闭合缺损,选择的封堵器直径为12.0~38.0(22.6±5.9)mm。结果:本组28例行PBPV术及ASD介入封堵治疗28均获得成功;其中3例封堵器脱落入主动脉,介入方法取出后,再置入较大封堵器封堵成功,PBPV术后即刻右室收缩压由术前(89.8±22.9)mmHg下降至(39.8±11.3)mm Hg,肺动脉右心室跨瓣压差由术前mm Hg降至(14.8±8.9)mm Hg(P<0.001)。右心室舒张末压由术前(9.9±0.28)mm Hg降至(5.07±0.57)mm Hg(P<0.005),PBPV术后即刻跨瓣压差下降达优良为100%。术后超声心动图随访于术后即刻、1、3及6个月,疗效满意,房间隔未见残余分流。结论:同期介入治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄合并房间隔缺损安全可行,效果良好,但由于合并PS患者,超声心动图术前常常低估或漏诊ASD,因此,需先行肺动脉瓣球囊扩张术后,超声心动图重新复核ASD大小,再行ASD封堵术,必要时分期手术。     

经导管介入封堵及外科修补术对房间隔缺损患者右室收缩及舒张功能的影响

目的比较经导管介入封堵及外科修补术对房间隔缺损(ASD)患者右心室收缩及舒张功能的影响。方法 43例接受介入封堵术(介入封堵组)及41例接受外科修补术的继发孔型ASD患者(房缺修补组),于术前及术后7 d、3个月分别进行经胸超声心动图(TTE)及实时三维超声心动图(RT-3D-TEE)检查,测量其右室舒张末期前后径(RVEDD)、右室舒张末期容积(RVEDV)、右室收缩末期容积(RVESV)、右室收缩峰压(RVSP)、右室面积变化分数(RVFAC)及三维右室射血分数(3DRVEF),采用脉冲波多普勒显像技术测量三尖瓣血流频谱(E/A)和组织多普勒血流显像技术(TDI)测量三尖瓣环频谱(E'/A'),并计算E/E'值。结果术后7 d,介入封堵组RVEDD、RVEDV、RVESV及RVSP均较术前明显减小(P0.05);而RVFAC及3DRVEF、E/A、E'/A'及E/E'与术前无显著差异;房缺修补组RVEDD、RVEDV、RVESV、RVSP、RVFAC、3DRVEF、E/A、E'/A'较术前明显减小(P0.05);而E/E'较术前增高(P0.05);术后3个月,两组RVFAC、3DRVEF、E/A、E'/A'较术前增高(P0.05),E/E'较术前降低(P0.05)。结论与房间隔缺损外科修补相比,介入封堵对右心室早期的收缩及舒张功能影响较小,有利于ASD患者右心功能的早期恢复。     

微创封堵术治疗继发孔房间隔缺损的诊治分析

目的总结经胸微创封堵术治疗继发孔房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)的临床应用经验。方法全组27例患者,年龄3～56岁。ASD直径6～36mm。均在全麻下经右胸第4肋间隙胸骨旁2～3cm小切口进胸,在经食管心脏彩超或者经胸心脏彩超引导下经输送器置入封堵器,闭合ASD。结果 27例患者中有26例成功封堵,1例中转体外循环下行ASD修补术;1例术后3h封堵器脱落,换用大号封堵器后再次封堵成功。手术时间(63.2±15.3)min,术中失血量(31.5±9.3)ml。无手术死亡病例,术后(4.8±2.5)d痊愈出院。26例经(9.6±4.5)个月随访,封堵器无移位,1例出现ASD下缘微量分流,心功能改善。结论经胸微创封堵术是一种微创、安全、有效、简便的方法,其适应证较导管介入封堵术宽,在ASD治疗中具有一定的优势。     

关于国产封堵器封堵房间隔缺损效果评价

目的:采用国产封堵器介入治疗44例房间隔缺损(ASD)患者,评价国产封堵器介入治疗ASD的疗效。方法:44例ASD患者,男18例,女26例,年龄:1.2～64,平均(18.9±16.7)岁,在胸部超声指导下,采用国产封堵器作介入封堵治疗。结果:44例ASD封堵均获成功,无封堵器移位、脱落等并发症。结论:国产封堵器与进口封堵器封堵房间隔缺损效果相同,且费用低,易于普及。     

国产封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损后心功能变化的研究

目的探讨国产封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)后心脏形态和功能的变化规律。方法全组60例,年龄5～35(16.10±10.71)岁,体重17～7(243.91±13.21)kg,经胸超声心动图(TTE)示ASD最大径7～3(618.3±7.2)mm,选用封堵器型号为10～4(026±3)mm。术后3d、3个月、6个月和12个月行TTE追踪测量。采用心尖四腔切面面积-长度法计算左右心室容积及射血分数。结果术后3d,右心房上下径、左右径,右心室舒张末期前后径、左右径均逐渐减小(与术前比较,P<0.05);右室舒张末期容积(RVEDV),右室收缩末期容积(RVESV),及右室射血分数(RVEF)均逐渐减小(与术前比较,P<0.05)。3～6个月随访,右心功能进一步改善。至12个月随访时,右心房、右心室大小及右心功能恢复正常(与术前比较,P<0.01)。术后3d,左室舒张末期前后径(LVEDD),左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)均逐渐增大(与术前比较,P<0.05);左室收缩末期容积(LVESV),左室每搏量(LVSV)及左室射血分数(LVEF)均逐渐增大(与术前比较,P<0.05)。3～6个月随访,左心功能进一步改善。至12个月随访时,左心房、左心室大小及左心室功能恢复正常(与术前比较,P<0.01)。结论国产封堵器介入封堵ASD,既阻断了异常分流,又改善了左心室及右心系统功能及其几何构型。     

实时三维超声心动图定量评价急性肺动脉栓塞患者右心功能

目的 探讨应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价急性肺动脉栓塞(APE)患者右室功能的价值.方法 应用RT-3DE观察15例APE患者右室功能参数,并分析各参数与同位素全肺灌注缺损百分数(PPDs% )之间的相关性.结果 APE患者右心室舒张末期容积(RVEDV)、收缩末期容积(RVESV)较对照组显著增加;每搏量(RVSV)及射血分数(RVEF) 较对照组显著减小,两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).RVEDV、RVESV与PPDs%呈显著正相关(r=0.76,P＜0.001;r=0.77,P＜0.001);RVSV及RVEF与PPDs%呈显著负相关(r=-0.541,P<0.05;r=-0.582,P<0.05).结论 RT-3DE参数对APE患者病变程度判定有一定的临床应用价值.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.