热性惊厥患儿24 h内惊厥反复发作的危险因素分析

目的探讨热性惊厥患儿24 h内惊厥反复发作的危险因素, 为早期识别有危险因素的患儿并采取干预措施提供临床依据。方法选取2019年6月至2021年6月河北省人民医院儿科收治的384例热性惊厥患儿为研究对象, 分为单次发作组和反复发作组, 回顾性分析两组患儿的临床资料及惊厥反复发作的危险因素。结果 384例热性惊厥患儿, 年龄6个月～5岁, 单次发作组296例, 反复发作组88例, 两组患儿在是否首次发作、首次发作的年龄、发作时体温、发作持续时间≥15 min、热性惊厥家族史及C-反应蛋白这6项指标, 差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现, 非首次发作(OR=2.085, 95%CI 1.232～3.529, P=0.006)、首次发作年龄小(OR=0.970, 95%CI 0.948～0.993, P=0.010)、发作持续时间≥15 min(OR=3.587, 95%CI 1.497～8.596, P=0.004)、有热性惊厥家族史(OR=1.892, 95%CI 1.126～3.180, P=0.016)是热性惊厥患儿24 h内反复出现惊厥发...     

616例小儿热性惊厥首次发作的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的了解热性惊厥患儿首次发作的临床特点及危险因素,指导临床医师对有危险因素的患儿采取相应干预措施,降低热性惊厥的发生。方法选取我院2016年8月至2018年8月收治的616例首次热性惊厥患儿为研究对象,回顾性分析患儿的临床特征及首次发作危险因素,并随机抽取同期发热但无惊厥发作(既往也无惊厥病史)的601例患儿为对照组。结果616例热性惊厥患儿,男344例,女272例,汉族584例,蒙古族32例。1岁以下126例(20.5%),~3岁405例(65.8%),3岁以上85例(13.7%)。发作病因中以急性上呼吸道感染[53.6%(330/616)]、疱疹性咽峡炎[25.9%(160/616)]及幼儿急疹[10.5%(65/616)]居前3位。惊厥发作时体温在38.0℃及以上者570例(92.5%),16例(2.6%)患儿惊厥发作后出现发热。534例(86.7%)患儿在发热24 h内出现惊厥发作。608例(98.7%)患儿表现为全面强直阵挛性发作。惊厥持续时间<5 min 548例(89.0%)、~14 min 48例(7.8%)、~29 min 16例(2.6%)及≥30 min 4例(0.4%)。572例(92.9%)患儿在单次热程中仅1次惊厥发作。临床类型中单纯性热性惊厥占88.3%(544/616),复杂性热性惊厥占11.0%(68/616),惊厥持续状态占0.7%(4/616)。危险因素分析显示首次惊厥时年龄、低钠、低铁、低锌、剖宫产、异常出生史、抽搐前1周疫苗接种史及热性惊厥家族史在热性惊厥组和对照组中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现首次发热惊厥年龄、低铁、剖宫产、低钠及热性惊厥家族史是热性惊厥首次发作的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论热性惊厥首次发作多见于3岁以内婴幼儿,以单纯性热性惊厥为主,惊厥发作时体温高,易发生于发热后24 h内,病毒感染是最常见病因。引起热性惊厥首次发作的危险因素依次为首次发作年龄、低铁、剖宫产、低钠及热性惊厥家族史,针对危险因素采取相应的干预措施可降低热性惊厥的发生。     

复方地西泮灌肠剂预防小儿热性惊厥复发的临床研究

目的：探讨复方地西泮灌肠剂预防小儿热性惊厥(FC)复发的作用。方法：91例热性惊厥患儿随机分成复方地西泮组(A组)、地西泮组(B组)和布洛芬组(C组),3组剂量均为地西泮每次 0.2 mg/kg,布洛芬每次5 mg/kg。体温＞37.5℃时给药,8 h后体温未退可重复使用,直至体温＜37.5℃,3组同时治疗原发病及对症处理。结果：A组复发率均小于B组和C组(P＜0.05。结论：复方地西泮预防热性惊厥优于B组或C组。     

热性惊厥复发危险因素与预后分析

目的研究热性惊厥患儿的复发危险因素及预后情况.方法结合98例热性惊厥患儿的临床及脑电图资料,研究其复发、转为癫和出现智力障碍及行为异常的情况.结果复发共52例(53.0%),复发危险因素与惊厥家族史、初次发作体温＜38.5℃、初次发作年龄＜1岁及复杂型热性惊厥有关(P＜0.01);热性惊厥转为癫共20例(20.4%),转为癫的危险因素与复杂型热性惊厥、初次发作年龄＜1岁、热性惊厥反复发作有关(P＜0.01);发生智力障碍及行为异常2例(2.0%),说明热性惊厥患儿绝大部分预后较好,智力低下及行为障碍发生率低.结论对有复发危险因素及转为癫危险因素的患儿,应密切随访,采取适当的干预措施.     

神经系统及精神疾病

010553不同月龄患儿热性惊厥的临床特征/陈琅…//福建医科大学学报一2000,34(2)一196~198 初发采用问卷调查表调查结果:完成随访92例,早期(初发<18月)发作组有以下特点:(1)初发时体温较低,39℃以下诱发热性惊厥发生率高;(2)出生时有产伤等异常对本组发病影响较大;(3)家庭遗传因素影响大;(4)复发率高;(5)发作持续时间长;(6)转变为无中国医学文摘·儿科学第20卷第1期热惊厥率高;(7)脑电图(E EG)异常率低。晚期(初发>31月)发作组有以下特征:(1)初发时体温高;(2)出生异常史较少,(3)具有家族史者少;(4)大多数仅发作1次;(5)发作时间长,(6)转变为…     

幼儿急疹合并热性惊厥的临床特征

目的 探讨幼儿急疹合并热性惊厥的临床特征.方法 回顾性总结本院2005年1月至2008年2月确诊的幼儿急疹病例和热性惊厥病例,对幼儿急疹并热性惊厥的31例患儿的临床资料进行总结,与其他热性惊厥患儿及幼儿急疹未合并热性惊厥者对比,并结合文献进行分析.结果 幼儿急疹合并热性惊厥患儿占所有热性惊厥的17.1%(31/181),占2岁内热性惊厥的24.4%(31/127),占幼儿急疹患儿的15.7%(31/198);幼儿急疹并热性惊厥患儿出现热性惊厥的平均年龄为(0.85 4±0.38)岁,早于一般的热性惊厥患儿(2.41±1.30)岁,P<0.01;与不伴热性惊厥的幼儿急疹患儿比较,伴热性惊厥者的性别、年龄、最高体温、热程、出疹时间均无显著差别(P>0.05),而热性惊厥家族史有显著差别(P<0.05).结论 遗传因素是导致幼儿急疹并热性惊厥发作的一个危险因素;幼儿急疹并热性惊厥时一般预后良好,但要警惕发生严重中枢神经系统损伤的可能性,如癫痫.对于1岁内初次发热并出现热性惊厥的患儿要注意幼儿急疹的可能.     

癫癎和热性惊厥患儿血清及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶测定的临床意义

目的探讨癫癎(EP)和热性惊厥(FC)患儿血清和脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)的含量及其与脑损伤的关系.方法采用电化学发光法测定 EP和 FC患儿惊厥发作后 24 h内血清和脑脊液 NSE的水平.结果 EP组和 FC组惊厥发作后 24 h内血清和脑脊液 NSE水平均明显高于对照组 (P<0.05);惊厥严重组( 24 h内发作≥ 3次和 /或单次发作时间≥ 15 min) EP患儿血清和脑脊液 NSE水平也明显高于较轻组( 24 h内发作 <3次及单次发作时间 <15 min), P<0.05; FC严重组患儿血清和脑脊液 NSE水平也明显高于较轻组 (P<0.05).结论 EP和 FC发作可引起血清和脑脊液 NSE水平的升高, NSE水平与惊厥发作的严重程度有关;提示 EP和 FC发作可导致神经元损伤,频繁发作或长时间持续发作神经元损伤更严重.     

神经系统及精神疾病

900858 高热惊厥214例临床分析/关承稔∥新疆医学院学报.-1989,12(4).-260～261 214例占儿科住院总人数的4.35％(214/4910)。男132例,女82例。好发年龄为>6个月～6岁(占93.5％)。首发年龄多为6月～4岁(89.9％)。首次发作多见149例(70.3％)。惊厥发作时体温39℃以上(74.6％)。发热至惊厥发生时间在24小时之内占91.4％。热病过程中惊厥次数为1次者188例(87.9％),一般     

癫和热性惊厥患儿血清及脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶测定的临床意义

目的探讨癫(EP)和热性惊厥(FC)患儿血清和脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的含量及其与脑损伤的关系。方法采用电化学发光法测定EP和FC患儿惊厥发作后24h内血清和脑脊液NSE的水平。结果EP组和FC组惊厥发作后24h内血清和脑脊液NSE水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05) ;惊厥严重组 (24h内发作≥3次和/或单次发作时间≥15min)EP患儿血清和脑脊液NSE水平也明显高于较轻组 (24h内发作<3次及单次发作时间<15min) ,P<0.05 ;FC严重组患儿血清和脑脊液NSE水平也明显高于较轻组(P<0.05)。结论EP和FC发作可引起血清和脑脊液NSE水平的升高 ,NSE水平与惊厥发作的严重程度有关 ;提示EP和FC发作可导致神经元损伤 ,频繁发作或长时间持续发作神经元损伤更严重。     

反复发作热性惊厥患儿海马体积动态变化的临床研究

目的 分析反复发作热性惊厥患儿海马体积(HCV)的变化及意义.方法 回顾性选择34例热性惊厥反复发作且于2013年1月1日至2019年9月30日期间完善2次头部及海马磁共振平扫患儿的临床资料和检查结果.根据随访时间,分为第1次随访组和第2次随访组;根据预后,分为热性惊厥组、无热惊厥组和癫痫组.分析比较各组患儿HCV变化...     

Age-dependency of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors on thrombocytes and lymphocytes of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children

Among the possible mechanisms which may cause wheezing or asthmatic episodes a genetically determined -adrenoceptor blockade and a hyperresponsiveness of -andrenoceptors has been postulated. Evidence to support this hypothesis stems from an increased bronchial sensitivity to -blockers, a reduced formation of cyclic AMP in response to -adrenergic stimulation and enhanced -adrenergic responses in asthmatic subjects. The recent development of techniques for measuring the specific, high-affinity binding of radiolabeled -and -adrenergic antagonists made it possible to study - and -adrenoceptors in vitro. Based upon the assumption that a change in the number and/or affinity of adrenergic receptors might be a general phenomenon, we have performed - and -receptor binding studies on lymphocytes and platelets from wheezing infants and asthmatic children as well as of infants, children, and adults not suffering from these diseases.Using ¹²⁵[I]-cyanopindolol (ICYP) and ³[H]-yohimbine (HYOH) as highly specific ligands for - and -adrenoceptors, the following results were obtained: (1) Lymphocytes and platelets from control subjects and asthamatics bound similar amounts of ICYP and HYOH and thus showed no differences either in the number or the affinity of - and -adrenoceptors. Lymphocytes and platelets of wheezing and nonwheezing infants also bound the same amounts of the radioligands. (2) In asthmatic children receiving 4×2 puffs salbutamol -adrenoceptor were down-regulated and this may mimic -adrenoceptor blockade. (3) When subjects were divided into four categories according to age (0–5, 5–10, 10–20 years, adults) the number of -adrenoceptor binding sites showed an age-dependent increase. The number and affinity of -adreneceptor binding sites on platelets was neither influenced by age nor disease.It is concluded that the - and -adrenoceptors of wheezing infants and asthmatic children at least on blood cells are normal. However the -adrenoceptors show an age-dependent maturation process, which may account for an unresponsiveness to -adrenoceptor agonists in wheezing infants.Supported by a grant from the Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, NRWPresented at the 19th Workshop for Pediatric Research, University of Göttingen, March 10–11, 1983     

Parent Preferences and Perceptions of Milliliters and Teaspoons: Role of Health Literacy and Experience

Background and Objectives

A recent American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement recommends milliliter-exclusive dosing for pediatric liquid medications. Little is known about parent preferences regarding units, perceptions about moving to milliliters only, and the role of health literacy and prior milliliter-dosing experience.

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??The physiological characteristics of children determine their own particularity of their needs for the quality and quantity of proteins. Proteins not only play an important role in the development of children’s growth and development??cognitive function and immune function??but also have important effects on the long-term health of children.In this paper??the dietary protein reference intakes??amino acid patterns??dietary amino acid reference intakes??sources of high quality protein??and harm of deficiency and excess of protein in children were discussed in detail.     

婴幼儿膳食营养与生长发育指标调查

目的确定当前3岁以下儿童主要的营养问题，为制定营养改善对策提供科学依据。方法对在本院儿童保健中心定期进行体检的386例6—36个月儿童进行体格测量及智力发育检测，并同时进行膳食分析。结果膳食中能量、蛋白质、视黄醇、硫胺素、抗坏血酸及铁、钙的摄入均达到膳食营养素参考摄入量（DRIs）标准，膳食锌平均摄入量未达到DRIs的80％。Logistic回归分析提示碳水化合物摄入量过高是婴幼儿肥胖的一个危险因素。能量和碳水化合物摄入越多，智力发育指数越高。结论婴幼儿生长发育和膳食状况良好，父母要注意培养婴幼儿科学的膳食习惯。     

Prenatal and postnatal administration of prebiotics and probiotics

Colonization of the neonatal gut by beneficial bacteria is important for the establishment and maintenance of the mucosal barrier, thus protecting the neonate from enteric pathogens and local and systemic inflammation. The neonatal microbiome is influenced by infant diet, environment, and the maternal microbiome. Dysbiosis in pregnancy increases the risk of pre-eclampsia, diabetes, infection, preterm labor, and later childhood atopy. Dysbiosis of the neonatal gut plays an important role in colic in the term infant, in the disease processes which plague preterm infants, including necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis, and in the long-term outcomes of neonates. Administration of enteral prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics during pregnancy, lactation, and postnatal life appears to be a safe and feasible method to alter the maternal and neonatal microbiome, thus improving pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.     

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??Bronchiolitis has been one of the hot spots in the researches on diseases of respiratory system nowadays. However?? the concepts and classifications of this disease remain unclear. In this paper?? the denotative and connotative concepts of bronchioles and bronchiolitis were analyzed from the views of anatomy and development biology?? and the classification changes of adult bronchiolitis were introduced. These content can be used as references for the systematic studies of pediatric bronchiolitis.     

Caring for the health and medical and emotional needs of children of migrants and asylum seekers

Political turmoil, military conflicts and other international sociological upheavals are causing significant immigration of large numbers of people, including infants and children, in Europe. Many of these young migrants are refugees. These youngsters have significant health needs, and medical conditions (such as infectious diseases) and mental health problems due to their previous stressful situations and the difficulties that they often experience while settling, even temporarily, into their new environments. Government authorities must screen for transmissible diseases and ensure that vaccine-preventable infections are adequately covered. Paediatricians must give the best possible care for these children and act as their advocates. This can be enhanced by collaborating with national and international paediatric societies and with international non-government agencies. This problem is not confined to Europe; world-wide, it occurs on a massive scale and causes huge burdens for poorer countries that have serious difficulties in coping with the extra financial, personnel and infrastructure needs imposed by massive, uncontrolled migration of populations that are often unhealthy and inadequately nourished. However, this should not be used as a pretext to deny safe refuge to children and their families who need it.

Conclusion: Massive movements of infant and child immigrants and refugees across European borders over recent years have brought challenges to paediatricians because of the needs for the health and medical and mental health care of these young people. Paediatricians have an important role in their care and by acting, wherever possible, as their advocates. This is a massive problem, world-wide, in which paediatricians can have a potentially significant positive impact.