新形势下医院药剂科的重要性及发展前景

我国医院的药学工作正处于一个转变时期,由原来的药品供应、门诊调剂、住院调剂、医院制工作等单纯性药品供应保障工作,逐步转化为加强学科建设、积极开展临床药学和全方位的药学服务工作,以适应现代形势的发展和广大人民群众对药学知识渴求。药剂科的工作不仅体现着很强的专业技术性,同时又有着与临床紧密结合的实践性。近年来,医药领域不断发展,医疗体制不断深入,这就需要药剂科在之前的工作基础上,改变管理模式和提高药学人员的理念,以适应新时代下医药药剂科的发展。本文结合我院药剂科具体工作情况对新     

开展门诊药房药物咨询的必要性

医院药剂科作为药品供应管理的职能部门 ,为医院带来了具大的经济效益成为医院的经济支柱之一 ,而业务技术上 ,药剂科却又是辅助科室 ,近几年来 ,随着医疗改革的深入 ,“以药养医”的局面正在逐步改善 ,药剂科在医院如何生存成为摆在广大药剂人员面前的大问题 ,在这一巨大的挑战之下 ,我们应清醒地认识到提高药剂工作的技术含量 ,发挥药师的专业特长 ,乃是挑战之下的一解决之道。目前 ,以患者为中心的药学服务成为继临床药学之后的药剂人员高技术含量工作模式的又一发展方向。医学服务的概念是医师提供直接的和有责任的与药物有关的服务。以…     

浅谈医院药剂科的科学管理

随着国内外医学科学的日益发展，新兴科学技术在临床医学中不断应用，对医院药学工作提出了新的要求。药剂科以往的供应．调配，制剂．管理的简单任务已不适应新形势的发展。知识的更新要求医院药学人员必须从新的高度去探讨、研究、应用新技     

门诊药物咨询服务的必要性

医院药剂科是个主动服务的实体，其工作千头万绪，其基本宗旨就是配合临床、服务于病人。发药工作是药剂科工作的前沿，随着人民物质生活的提高，对身体健康要求更加迫切，药剂人员的工作已由传统的窗口供应型转变为技术信息服务型。尤其象我们基层医院，面对的大部分是农村病人，病人对药学知识知之甚少，急需我们用药指导。多方面的服务，同时还要善于把握患者的心态变化，     

药剂科开展咨询窗口的必要性

<正> 医院药剂科是个主动服务的实体,其工作千头万绪,其基本宗旨就是配合临床、服务于病人。发药工作是药剂科工作的前沿,随着人民物质生活水平的提高,对身体健康要求更加迫切,药剂人员的工作已由传统的窗口供应型转变为技术信息服务型。这就要求药剂人员必须有多学科的知识。多方面的服务,同时还要善于把握患者的心态变化,做好解释工作。做的好能使病人满意而归,早日康复。反之,轻则引起病人不满,重则     

对提高基层医院药剂科管理水平的一点思考

基层医院药剂科的管理是一门综合性学科,卫生行政部门及医院领导必须提高对药剂工作重要性的认识,应把药剂工作列入医院工作的重要日程,对药剂科的工作给予大力支持,使此项工作与医院临床工作同步协调更好地进行。随着医院＂以病人为中心＂服务模式的确立,如何适应新形势的发展,进一步转变职能,更好地为患者服务,是摆在药学人员面前必须认真思考的问题。本文就如何提高基层医院药剂科管理提出一点建议和思考,以供领导决策参考。     

浅谈医院药剂科建设

医院药剂科是医院工作的重要组成部分 ,是提高医疗质量 ,保证患者用药安全有效的重要环节 ,药剂科业务工作水平和管理水平对医院工作将产生极为重要的影响。根据日前医院的情况及发展的趋势 ,对药剂科的建设和发展作以下设想和阐述。1　药剂科的组织机构与人员编制药剂科由院长 (药事管理委员会 )直接领导 ,下设调剂、库房制剂、药品检验、临床药学、药学情报等部门。药剂人员一般占卫生技术人员编制数的 9%为宜。2　管理2 1　建立健全各部门规章制度 ,明确各部门职责 ,严格岗位责任制 ,各级人员认真履行其职责 ,加强执行力度。2 2　按部…     

论药剂科的科学管理

<正> 随着医药科学的日益发展和药学业务的不断扩大,医疗单位的药剂工作已经远远越出了供应调剂和制剂的范畴,医院药剂科是关键性的医疗技术科室之一,既是专业性、技术性很强的业务科室,又是全院治疗用药供应管理部门,其工作的好坏直接影响医院医疗质量,也反映医院的科学管理水平。为将药剂提供一个高层次发展的机会,开拓医院药剂科工作的新局面,谈几点看     

新医改环境下基层医疗机构药剂科发展的几点建议

药剂科是负责医院药剂工作的重要职能部门,集药品采购、供应、调剂、制剂、经济管理、临床药学、科研工作及贯彻执行药政法规为一体,是提高医疗质量、保证患者用药安全有效的重要环节。药剂科属医疗技术部门,具有专业技术性、业务监督性、信息指导性、管理效益性及工作服务性的特点。     

抓住医院质量管理年活动机遇,促进医院药学转型

长期以来我国医院药学的服务形式都是“保障供应型”，药剂科绝大部分的任务就是调剂发药和制剂生产，而代表“技术服务型”的医院药学的核心内容：临床药学，长期受到了忽视。医院质量管理年的目的，是为了加强医院全方位的管理，要求“以病人为中心”，提高医疗服务质量。其中以合理检查、合理用药和因病施治、确保用药安全受到高度的重视。在这次医院质量管理年评价中，对医院药学的要求，要比医院等级评审中的要求又高了许多，要求药学人员参与到临床安全、合理用药当中去。考虑到目前国家对医院制剂的紧缩政策以及对以病人为中心开展药学服务的迫切要求，医院药学从以药品供应型向以广泛开展临床药学为标志的药学服务型转变正处在有利的时机。     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.     

Effect of the disruption of three cytoskeleton components on chondrocyte metabolism in rabbit knee cartilage

Background Chondrocytes＇ phenotype and biosynthesis of matrix are dependent on having an intact cytoskeletal structure.Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are three important components of the cytoskeletal structure of chondrocytes.The aims of this study were to determine and compare the effects of the disruption of these three cytoskeletal elements on the apoptosis and matrix synthesis by rabbit knee chondrocytes in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from full-thickness knee cartilage of two-month-old rabbits using enzymatic methods （n=24）.The isolated cells were stabilized for three days and then exposed to low,medium,and high doses of chemical agents that disrupt the three principal cytoskeletal elements of interest：colchicine for microtubules,acrylamide for intermediate filaments,and cytochalasin D for actin microfilaments.A group of control cells were treated with carrier.Early apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin-FITC binding assay by flow cytometry on days 1 and 2 after exposure to the disrupting chemical agents.The components and distribution of the cytoskeleton within the cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with immunofluorescence staining on day 3.The mRNA levels of aggrecan （AGG） and type Ⅱ collagen （Col-2） and their levels in culture medium were analyzed using real-time PCR and enzymelinked immunosorbent serologic assay （ELISA） on days 3,6,and 9.Results In the initial drug-dose-response study,there was no significant difference in the vitality of cells treated with 0.1 μmol/L colchicine,2.5 mmol/L acrylamide,and 10 μg/L cytochalasin D for two days when compared with the control group of cells.The concentrations of colchicine and acrylamide treatment selected above significantly decreased the number of viable cells over the nine-day culture and disrupted significantly more cell nuclei.Real-time PCR and ELISA results showed that the mRNA levels and medium concentrations of AGG and Col-2 were significantly decreased for     

Liuwei Dihuang,a traditional Chinese herbal formula,suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang （LWDH）, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. METHODS： After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived （OP-CD） rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water （n=12 rats per group）. Twelve obese-resistant-CD （OR-CD） rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. RESULTS： After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） levels. Serum interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION： The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OP-JOP-CD rat model as     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

The Targeted Pro-apoptotic Effect of scFv-mediated Delivery of Caspase-6 on HER2-positive Osteosarcoma Cells

Objective To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of scFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein on osteosarcoma E 10 cells. Methods The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （Her-2） in osteosarcoma cell line E10 was examined by flow cytometry analysis. ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 was generated by sequential fusion of the genes of a signal peptide, a single-chain Her-2 antibody （e23sFv）, a PEA translocation domain （PEA aa253-264）, and an recombinant caspase-6. The pCMV-immunocaspase-6 was produced by cloning above mentioned fusion genes into pCMV plasmid, and then pCMV-immunocaspase-6 plasmid mixed cationic liposome was transfected into E10 cells. The expression of fusion gene on transfected E10 cells was detected by immunocytochemical staining, The pro-apoptotic effects of fusion gene expression on morphology and growth status of E10 cells were observed by trypan blue cell staining, electron microscopy and MTT assay. Results The fusion protein was detected in the cytoplasm of the transfected E10 cells. These cells presented typical characteristics of apoptosis as detected by electron microscopy. MTT assay revealed that the proliferation of transfected E10 cells was suppressed than that of non- or mock-transfected cells （P〈0.01）. Conclusion ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein can induce apoptosis of Her-2 positive osteosarcoma E10 cells, suggesting the potential of this strategy for the treatment of human high-grade osteosarcoma.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度,     

Iloprost inhibits fracture repair in rats

Background Previous studies have shown that prostaglandins （PGs） dramatically stimulate healing processes in bone.However,the effect of prostaglandin l2 （PGI2） on fracture healing remains unclear.To investigate the effect of PGI2,a study on fracture healing process in closed tibia fractures was designed.Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomized into two groups.On the first day,their right tibias were fractured by three-point bending technique.The study group （n=18） received a single injection of 10 μg/kg iloprost for 5 days,while the control group （n=18） received saline solution in the same way.On the 7th,14th and 28th days following the fracture,six rats were sacrificed and their right legs were harvested in each group.The progression of fracture healing was assessed for each specimen by the scores of radiography （by Lane-Sandhu） and histology （by Huo et al）.Results On the 7th day,the radiographic and histologic scores were equal.On the 14th day radiographic total score was 6 and histologic total score was 23 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 11 and histologic total score was 33 in the control group.On the 14th day radiographic and histologic scores were significantly decreased in the iloprost group compared to the control group （P 〈0.05）.On the 28th day radiographic total score was 12 and histologic total score was 37 in the iloprost group,whereas radiographic total score was 15 and histologic total score was 40 in the control group.On the 28th day although there was a decrease in radiographic and histologic scores of the iloprost group acording to control group,it was not statistically significant （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion Iloprost delays fracture healing in early stage in rats.