造血干细胞移植治疗血液病110例疗效观察

 【摘要】　目的　观察造血干细胞移植（HSCT）治疗血液病的疗效,探讨移植相关并发症的预防及处理方法。方法　回顾性分析采用HSCT治疗的110例血液病患者临床资料。61例患者采用自体外周血造血干细胞移植（auto-PBSCT）;49例患者采用异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）,其中,28例采用HLA全相合的同胞异基因外周血干细胞移植（allo-PBSCT）,20例采用单倍体异基因骨髓+PBSCT,1例急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿采用脐带血HSCT。预处理方案：淋巴瘤患者采用BEAM方案（卡莫司汀+依托泊苷+阿糖胞苷+左旋苯丙氨酸氮芥）,白血病患者采用改良的Bu／Cy方案（羟基脲+阿糖胞苷+白消安+环磷酰胺+司莫司汀）,多发性骨髓瘤患者采用大剂量左旋苯丙氨酸氮芥方案,急性再生障碍性贫血患者采用FC（氟达拉滨+环磷酰胺）+兔抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）方案。移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的预防采用短程甲氨蝶呤+环孢素A+吗替麦考酚酯,单倍体移植患者加ATG。结果　109例（99.1 %）患者成功获得造血重建,移植后中性粒细胞≥0.5×109／L、血小板≥20×109／L的平均天数在自体移植中分别为10 d和12 d,在异基因移植中分别为12 d和15 d;allo-HSCT中Ⅰ～Ⅲ度急性GVHD的发生率为28.6 ％（14／49）,慢性GVHD的发生率为32.7 ％（16／49）。中位随访36个月（1～60个月）,84例（76.4 ％）患者无病生存,其中,auto-PBSCT组45例（73.8 ％）,allo-HSCT组39例（79.6 ％）;26例（23.6 ％）死亡。auto-PBSCT组16例（26.2 ％）复发死亡,2例（3.3 ％）复发,无移植相关死亡;allo-HSCT组9例（18.4 ％）复发死亡,3例（6.1 ％）复发,1例（2.0 ％）发生移植相关死亡。结论　HSCT是治疗恶性血液病安全、有效的方法,也是治疗血液病的重要手段之一。     

造血干细胞移植治疗多发性骨髓瘤的研究进展

 【摘要】　造血干细胞移植（HSCT）是治疗多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的一线方案。自体造血干细胞移植（auto-HSCT）可提高患者缓解率,延长生存期。首次auto-HSCT后,未获得非常好的部分缓解及以上疗效的患者,可行二次auto-HSCT进一步改善疗效。异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）具有治愈MM的潜能,但移植相关死亡率高,患者生存并未获益。减低剂量的allo-HSCT相关死亡率低,但复发率高,也未显示出生存优势。序贯auto-HSCT及allo-HSCT也未使患者生存明显获益。总结近期HSCT的研究进展。     

造血干细胞移植治疗急性髓系白血病42例

目的 评价造血干细胞移植（HSCT）治疗急性髓系白血病（AML）的临床疗效.方法 收集2007年1月至2013年7月在我科行HSCT的AML 42例,其中自体造血干细胞移植（auto-HSCT）16例,异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT） 26例（含单倍体移植6例）,回顾性分析患者的临床资料.结果 39例患者获得造血重建,中性粒细胞绝对值＞0.5×109/L、血小板计数＞20×109/L的中位时间分别为11.0 d、13.5 d.发生急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）3例,慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）7例,真菌感染4例,出血性膀胱炎7例.9例复发,24例无病生存（DFS）,总生存（OS）率59.5％,DFS率57.1％.自体移植组与异基因移植组疗效差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 allo-HSCT是AML的有效治疗手段,随着移植技术的进步,在没有HLA相合供者时,auto-HSCT、单倍体移植也值得推荐.     

干细胞移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征13例

 目的　探讨干细胞移植（HSCT）在骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）治疗中的疗效以及预处理方式的选择。方法　对13例MDS患者行异基因造血干细胞移植 （allo-HSCT）（包括HLA配型全相合10例、半相合2例、脐血移植1例）。输注单个核细胞（MNC） 6.92（2.65～21.33）×108／kg,CD34细胞4.47（1.49～10.22）×106／kg。其中,5例选择全身照射+氟达拉滨+环磷酰胺（TBI+Flud+Cy）方案预处理,3例白消安（BU）／Cy预处理,3例TBI+CY,2例采用阿糖胞苷（Ara-C）+BU+Cy+替尼泊苷（VM26）预处理。移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的预防：2例HLA配型半相合者给予抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）联合环孢素A（CsA）加短程甲氨蝶呤（MTX）治疗,并于移植后1～28 d持续给予霉酚酸酯（MMF）,其他病例仅给予CsA加短程MTX。结果　13例患者中9例造血完全重建,移植相关死亡4例。结论　HSCT是可以治愈MDS的有效方法。预处理选择应采取个体化。     

恶性淋巴瘤造血干细胞移植的临床疗效观察

 【摘要】　目的　探讨2种不同造血干细胞移植方式在难治、复发及中高度恶性淋巴瘤治疗中的临床疗效。方法　对进行自体造血干细胞移植（auto-HSCT）和异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）的13例难治、复发及中高度恶性淋巴瘤患者临床资料进行回顾性分析并复习文献。结果　13例患者中9例行auto-HSCT,4例行allo-HSCT,随访至2011年12月,随访期5～91个月,9例生存,其中auto-HSCT组6例、allo-HSCT组3例。4例死亡。auto-HSCT组死亡主要原因为原疾病复发;allo-HSCT组死亡原因为移植相关并发症。结论　恶性淋巴瘤患者auto-HSCT应尽量选择完全缓解（CR）1期完成,如果出现骨髓浸润或属于复发、难治及高度侵袭淋巴瘤,则应尽量选择allo-HSCT而非auto-HSCT,以提高患者长期生存率。     

造血干细胞移植的临床进展

 异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）是治愈恶性血液病、重型再生障碍性贫血和遗传性血液病的重要方法,近年造血干细胞移植（HSCT）在诸多方面都取得了重要及深刻的发展,就al-lo-HSCT在血液病治疗体系中的地位、单体型HSCT、非血缘供体HSCT、非清髓性HSCT和脐血HSCT的策略以及临床移植免疫研究领域的相关进展进行了阐述。     

造血干细胞移植治疗慢性髓系白血病的疗效分析

背景与目的：慢性髓系白血病(chronic myelogenous leukemia,CML)是一种常见的恶性血液疾病,造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cells transplantation,HSCT)是治疗CML最主要的手段。本研究评价自体(auto-)或异体(allo-)HSCT治疗CML的临床疗效。方法：44例CML息者接受HSCT治疗,其中8例采用净化auto-HSCT,30例采用相关allo—HSCT,6例采用无关allo-HSCT;预处理方案：31例接受TBI CY(全身放疗 环磷酰胺)方案,12例采用改良BuCY(羟基脲、马利兰、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺)方案,1例采用MACC(马法兰、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺、环已亚硝脲)方案;移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防：相关移植采用CsA MTX(环孢素A 甲氨蝶呤)方案,无关移植采用CsA MTX MMF(霉酚酸酯) ATG(抗胸腺细胞球蛋白)方案。此外,移植前加速期和急变期患者单用CsA。Kaplan—Meier生存模型评估移植后无病生存。结果：8例接受激活骨髓(ABM)联合反义寡核苷酸或联合STI571体内外净化auto-HSCT后,除1例死于移植中相关并发症外,其余均获得部分或完全细胞或分子遗传学缓解,其中1例急变期患者血液学完全缓解(CR)后移植获分子遗传学CR达81个月。36例allo—HSCT患者除1例死于肝静脉闭塞综合征(hepatic veno-occlusive disease,VOD)和1例移植前急变患者移植后无效以外,其余患者均获CR。移植中感染发生率为38．6％,VOD发生率为9．1％,出血性膀胱炎(hemorrhagic cystitis,HC)发生率为15．9％,巨细胞病毒(CMV)性肺炎为11．4％,VOD、HC和CMV肺炎均发生在allo-HSCT患者。急性GVHD发生率在相关与无关移植中分别为40．0％与33．3％。在相关移植中慢性GVHD发生率为43．4％。移植相关死亡率在自体与异体HSCT中分别为12．5％与16．7％,auto—HSCT复发率为37．5％,相关allo-HSCT复发率为13．3％。移植后5年无病生存率在自体与相关异体移植中分别为18．7％与53．7％。移植前慢性期与加速期和急变期患者相关allo-HSCT后5年无病生存率分别为66．4％与26．7％。结论：allo—HSCT对CML患者,尤其是慢性期患者具有较高的临床治愈率;CsA MTX MMF ATG四联方案在无关allo-HSCT中应用能降低移植后急性GVHD的发生率及程度;采用净化骨髓自体移植能延长CML患者生存期,甚至少部分患者可获得临床治愈。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗自体造血干细胞移植后复发的霍奇金淋巴瘤四例

目的 观察异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）治疗自体造血干细胞移植（auto-HSCT）后复发的霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选取auto-HSCT后复发的HL患者4例,采用FBC预处理方案,实施allo-HSCT.结果 4例患者全部获得造血重建,发生急性移植物抗宿主病2例,发生慢性移植物抗宿主病2例,2例患者分别于移植后11个月、19个月疾病复发,另外2例尚健康生存.结论allo-HSCT对于auto-HSCT后复发的HL患者仍然是有效的.     

造血干细胞移植治疗多发性骨髓瘤

 自体造血干细胞移植（auto-HSCT）显著提高了65岁以下多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者的疗效,早期进行auto-HSCT已成为年轻初发MM患者的标准治疗方法。美法仑200 mg／m2目前仍被认为是最佳的预处理方案。对于首次自体移植后未达到非常好的部分缓解（VGPR）及以上疗效的患者,推荐采用序贯双次auto-HSCT以进一步提高疗效。新的治疗MM药物在auto-HSCT前和预处理中的应用可提高自体干细胞移植（ASCT）疗效。异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）虽然 完全缓解（CR）率较高,但因具有较高的移植相关毒性,患者的长期生存率并不比ASCT高。减低剂量的allo-HSCT由于预处理毒性小,移植相关死亡率低,将可能成为一种安全有效的治疗方法。ASCT结合非清髓的allo-HSCT的疗效目前还需大样本的研究来证实。     

2012年欧洲骨髓移植登记处手册:造血干细胞移植治疗成年人霍奇金淋巴瘤

1998年以来,欧洲骨髓移植登记处（EBMT）推出的6版造血干细胞移植（HSCT）手册（The EBMT Handbook）,均对霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）患者的HSCT作了内容丰富、范围广泛且重点深入的相应介绍。根据该手册中的统计资料,在1991年、1997年、2002年与2006年EBMT分别完成自体HSCT（auto．HSCT）420例、1066例f其中自体骨髓移植（ABMT）103例,自体外周血造血干细胞移植（APBSCT）909例1、1390例（ABMT57例,APBSCT1294例）与1770例（ABMT28例,APBSCT1742例）;完成异基因HSCT（allo．HSCT）15例、33例（其中ABMT12例。APBSCT21例）、85例（ABMT28例。APBSCT57例）、260例（ABMT42例,APBSCT210例）[注：未包括骨髓（BM）＋APBSCT同时移植者1。由此可见,HL患者接受auto-HSCT和aUo—HSCT的年度总数均呈逐年上升趋势;其中接受auto-HSCT的年度总数远远超过接受allo-HSCT的年度总数,二者比例已达到6．8：1;无论在auto．HSCT或allo-HSCT中,采用外周血造血干细胞移植（PBSCT）方式的总数均已明显超过骨髓移植（BMT）,且这种趋势日益明显。此次将其最新版中有关HL的HSCT内容进行摘译,希望对相关临床研究及日常工作有所帮助。     

Allogeneic Hemopietic Stem Cell Transplants for the Treatment of B Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Objective: Explore the feasibility of allo- hemopietic stem cell transplants in treating patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: Between september 2006 and February 2011, fifteen patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were treated by allo-hemopietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Stem cell sources were peripheral blood. Six patients were conditioned by busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CY) and nine patients were conditioned with TBI and cyclophosphamide (CY). Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimen consisted of cyclosporine A (CSA), methotrex ate (MTX) and mycophenolatemofetil (MMF). Results: Patients received a median of 7.98×108·kg-1 (5.36-12.30×108·kg-1) mononuclear cells (MNC). The median time ofANC> 0.5×109/L was day 12 (10-15), and PLT> 20. 0×109/L was day 13 (11-16). Extensive acute GVHD occurred in 6 (40.0%) patients, and extensive chronic GVHD was recorded in 6 (40.0%) patients. Nine patients were alive after 2.5-65 months follow-up. Conclusion: Allogeneic stem cell transplant could be effective in treating patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.     

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a salvage strategy for relapsed or refractory nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma

Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma is rare and occurs most frequently in East Asia and Latin America. It is characterized by its aggressive nature and tends to become resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is often associated with a high relapse rate for the active or disseminated disease. There are limited data about allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for relapsed or refractory nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. In our study, two patients with nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma were successfully treated with allo-HSCT. The first patient was a 31-year-old woman who relapsed after auto-HSCT. Subsequently, HLA-matched allo-HSCT was considered as a salvage treatment. Modified BU/CY conditioning regimens included BU/CY/Vm26/Ara-C. Donor lymphocyte infusion was used to reduce the risk of relapse. After allo-HSCT, the tumor in her nasal cavity gradually disappeared. She has been in continuous complete remission (CR) for 3 years. The second patient was a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with stage IIIB advanced nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma who was resistant to combination radiochemotherapy. She underwent HLA-matched allo-HSCT as a salvage treatment. Modified BU/CY conditioning regimens included BU/CY/MeCCNu/Ara-C. She has been in continuous CR for five years. The stem cell source was peripheral blood for both patients, and there was no severe graft-versus-host disease in either patient. Our clinical experience suggests that allo-HSCT with a modified conditioning regimen is a promising treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）治疗阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（PNH）的临床效果及安全性.方法 回顾性分析4例接受allo-HSCT的患者资料,其中3例为难治性PNH,1例为PNH-再生障碍性贫血综合征,均为HLA 6/6相合亲缘供者.预处理均采用白消安（BU）/环磷酰胺（CY）＋抗人T淋巴细胞兔球蛋白（ATG-F）方案,急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）预防采用环孢素A（CsA）＋甲氨蝶呤（MTX）,并复习相关文献.结果 移植后4例患者经DNA短串联重复序列多态性分析证明均为完全供者植入,中性粒细胞＞ 0.5×109/L的平均时间为15d（11～18d）,血小板计数＞ 20×109/L的平均时间为19 d（14～28 d）.移植后15～30 d CD55、CD59恢复正常.2例发生Ⅱ度急性GVHD,1例发生慢性GVHD,未发生移植排斥.中位随访时间14个月（7～42个月）,患者均无病生存.结论 allo-HSCT是根治难治性PNH的有效方法.     

非血缘及HLA配型不合造血干细胞移植的临床研究

 目的 探讨非血缘及HLA配型不全相合造血干细胞移植在白血病治疗中的应用。方法非血缘脐血移植治疗儿童白血病3例,非血缘异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病1例,HLA配型不全相合外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病1例。结果 5例患者完全植入,+15～+25天白细胞（WBC）＞1.0×109／L-1,＋35～＋51天血小板（Plt）＞20×109／L-1。例1出现急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）Ⅰ度;例4 aGVHD Ⅳ度;例5出现肝静脉闭塞综合征（VOD）、aGVHDⅠ度、出血性膀胱炎（HC）;例2移植后6个月复发,放弃治疗死亡;余4例正常生活或工作。结论　非血缘及HLA配型不全相合造血干细胞移植治疗白血病是安全有效的。     

The Use of Post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide in Peripheral Blood HLA-matched Stem Cell Transplantation as Graft-versus-host Disease Prophylaxis in Patients With Malignant or Non-malignant Hematologic Disorders: A Single-center Experience of 52 Patients

IntroductionStudies addressing the utilization of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (CY) as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation from matched sibling donors are limited and with controversial results. Chronic GVHD incidence necessitating systemic treatment is around 35% in peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donors.Patients and MethodsIn this study, high-dose CY was added to PBSCT aiming to reduce the incidence of GVHD to reach a lower figure compared with standard GVHD prophylaxis. Fifty-two patients with either benign or malignant hematologic disorders who underwent stem cell transplantation at Nasser Institute Hospital in Egypt from November 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled in this study. Fifty patients had fully human leukocyte antigen-matched siblings, whereas the remaining 2 patients had 1 locus class I mismatched donors. Pre-transplant conditioning regimen was fludarabine and busulfan (FLU/BU) in malignant cases (73.1%) and FLU/CY in benign hematologic disorders (26.9%) and 1 patient with hypocellular myelodysplastic syndrome. For GVHD prophylaxis, CY was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day on days 3 and 4 post-transplantation, and cyclosporine (CSA) starting day 5 in 96.1% of patients. For the 1-locus mismatched patients, both CSA and mycophenolate mofetil were administered starting day 5.ResultsThe 1-year incidence of acute GVHD (aGVHD) was 15.3% and for chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 13.4%. Historical data of GVHD prophylaxis at our center using CSA and methotrexate showed an incidence of 37% for aGVHD and 33.9% for cGVHD.ConclusionsPost-transplant CY GVHD prophylaxis led to significantly less aGVHD (P = .03) and cGVHD (P = .04).     

自体或异体间充质干细胞移植对造血重建的影响

目的 初步探讨自体或异体间充质干细胞(MSC)移植对造血重建的影响.方法 采用含血清培养体系培养扩增自体或供者骨髓以及来自胚胎的MSC,例1为系统性红斑狼疮(SLE);例2为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL),患者在造血干细胞移植(HSCT)前先输注自体MSC,然后进行自体HSCT;例3为阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿(PNH),在HSCT前先输注供者MSC,然后进行同基因异体HSCT;例4为慢性粒细胞白血病(CML),行异基因HSCT;例5为淋巴瘤行自体HSCT,在移植后造血恢复缓慢(分别为+129天,+78天)移植来自胚胎的MSC.结果 例1、例2和例3患者MSC和HSCT联合无明显不良反应.中性粒细胞≥0.5×109/L和血小板≥20×109/L的时间分别为移植后1、10、10和1、8、33 d.粒细胞缺乏时间分别为0、7、12 d;输注来自胚胎MSC的患者(例4、例5),1个月内造血仍无恢复,MSC移植失败.结论 MSC移植时机掌握很重要,与HSCT同时进行,可以促进造血重建,而在移植后一些造血重建缓慢的患者再进行MSC移植的疗效还有待进一步研究.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the impact of auto and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation on hematopoietic reconstitution. Methods MSC from auto, donor bone marrow or embryonic tissue were cultured and expanded in vitro in the serum culture system. Five patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were investigated. Case 1 of systemic lupus erythematosus and Case 2 of non-hodgkin' s lymphoma (NHL) received auto MSC transplant before auto-HSCT. Case 3 of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria received HLA-identical allogenic MSC transplant before HLA-identical allo-HSCT.Case 4 of chronic myelocytic leukemia and Case 5 of NHL had delayed hematopoietic reconstitution (129th and 78th day, respectively) after allo- and auto-HSCT, respectively, and received MSC from embryonic tissue.Results Case 1, 2 and 3 had no manifested side effects after MSC transplantation combined with HSCT.Neutrophil count of case 1, 2, and 3 were over 0.5 ×109/L at 1st, 10th and 10th day, respectively, platelet count were over 20 ×109/L at 1st, 8th and 33th day, respectively, and agranulocytosis at Ost, 7th and 12th day, respectively. The treatment of embryonic tissue MSC transplant was confirmed to fail for Case 4 and 5.Conclusion The time of MSC transplant has a great impact on hematopoietic reconstitution. MSC transplantation and HSCT performed simultaneously can improve hematopoietic reconstitution. However, the impact of MSC on patients with delayed hematopoietic reconstitution after HSCT needs further study.     

HLA半相合造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的临床观察

背景与目的:异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneichematopoieticstemcelltransplantation,allo-HSCT)是目前治疗恶性血液系统疾病的最有效手段。但仅有25%～30%的患者能找到人类白细胞抗原(humanleukocyteantigen,HLA)相合的亲缘供者;在无关人群中找到相合供者的概率是1/5万～1/10万,甚至更低。若进行HLA半相合造血干细胞移植(hematopoieticstemcelltransplantation,HSCT),则有90%的患者能找到供者,本文旨在探索HLA半相合HSCT治疗恶性血液病的可行性。方法:25例恶性血液病患者进行HLA半相合(其中单倍体20例)的亲缘供者HSCT。采用延长、强化联合免疫抑制促进植入及使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(antithymocyteglobulin,ATG)和/或加舒莱(抗CD25单抗)加强预防移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-hostdisease,GVHD),粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocytecolonystimulatinfactor,G-CSF)动员的骨髓(bonemarrow,BM)或加外周血干细胞(peripheralbloodstemcell,PBSC)混合移植方案。结果:所有患者均获得造血重建及达完全供者植入。21例(21/25)发生急性GVHD(aGVHD),其中Ⅰ度8例,Ⅱ度6例,Ⅲ度2例,Ⅳ度5例(其中3例为同胞部分相合),Ⅱ～Ⅳ度和Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD累积发生率分别为48.0%和28.6%。12例(12/25)发生慢性(c)GVHD,均为局限性。16例患者无病生存,1年预计无病生存率(disease-freesurvival,DFS)为(64.00±2.98)%,1年预计总生存率(overallsurvival,OS)为(64.0±3.08)%。9例死亡,其中1例死于复发,8例死于移植相关合并症,其中肺部感染4例,Ⅳ度GVHD3例,白质脑病1例。结论:HLA配型半相合的HSCT是治疗无亲缘和无关供体全相合的高危恶性血液病的有效方法,但风险较大,需在严密监测下慎重使用。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的预后分析

 目的　探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）治疗恶性血液病的预后相关因素。方法　1997年7月至2008年8月,对26例血液病患者行allo-HSCT,其中急性白血病（AL）14例,慢性髓系白血病（CML）10例,骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）2例;移植供受体22例为同胞HLA全相合,4例为同胞HLA不全相合。结果　所有患者达到稳定的供者植入,随访至今,累积总生存（OS）率为63.9 %,累积无病生存（DFS）率为62.6 %;15例（57.7 %）发生移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）,其中急性GVHD 8例（30.8 %）[Ⅲ～Ⅳ度4例（15.4 %）],慢性GVHD 7例;HLA全相合与 HLA不全相合移植间GVHD发生率差异有统计学意义（P＝0.014）;复发4例;死亡7例。单因素分析结果显示,发生Ⅳ度GVHD、巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染是影响患者生存的高危因素,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＝0.05和P＝0.027）。结论　allo-HSCT是目前治疗恶性血液病的有效方法,提高allo-HSCT疗效的关键是控制移植相关并发症,特别是GVHD和感染。     

Phase I study of busulfan and cyclophosphamide in preparation for allogeneic marrow transplant for patients with multiple myeloma.

PURPOSE: To study the toxicity and potential efficacy of busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CY) as a conditioning regimen before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with MM underwent conditioning, which was followed by ABMT from 16 HLA-identical donors, three one-antigen-mismatched donors, and one HLA A, B, D-identical unrelated donor. Four levels of BU plus CY were evaluated. RESULTS: Severe regimen-related toxicity occurred in two of five patients who received BU 16 mg/kg and CY 120 mg/kg, in none of the four patients who received BU 14 mg/kg and CY 120 mg/kg, in one of eight patients who received BU 14 mg/kg and CY 147 mg/kg, and in two of three patients who received BU 14 mg/kg and CY 174 mg/kg. Twelve of 15 (80%) assessable patients achieved a complete remission with the disappearance of M-protein and the return of normal marrow morphology. Ten patients died of complications related to the ABMT, and two patients died of progressive or relapsed MM. Overall, eight of 20 patients were alive; seven (35%) were in complete remission 190 to 1,271 days after ABMT. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum-tolerable dose given in this setting was BU 14 mg/kg and CY 147 kg/mg. These results suggest that this regimen may have significant antimyeloma activity. Further phase II studies are warranted.