新生代中学教师工作价值观、工作满意度与离职倾向的关系

目的:探讨新生代中学教师工作价值观、工作满意度与离职倾向的关系。方法:采用工作价值观量表、教师工作满意度量表和离职倾向量表对326名新生代中学教师进行问卷调查。结果:新生代中学教师工作价值观、工作满意度与离职倾向之间相关显著,新生代中学教师的工作满意度在工作价值观和离职倾向之间起中介作用。结论:新生代中学教师的工作价值观能直接影响离职倾向,也能通过工作满意度间接影响离职倾向。     

新生代中学教师工作压力、工作价值观与工作投入的关系

目的:探讨新生代中学教师的工作压力、工作价值观与工作投入之间的关系,并检验工作价值观在工作压力与工作投入关系间的调节作用。方法:采用中小学教师工作压力问卷、工作价值观量表和工作投入量表,对湖南省400名新生代中学教师进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷378份。结果:(1)新生代中学教师的工作压力能负向预测工作投入;(2)工作价值观中的外在价值维度在工作压力与工作投入之间起调节作用;外在价值得分较高时,工作压力对工作投入有显著的负向预测作用。结论:(1)新生代中学教师的工作压力越高,工作投入水平就会越低;(2)当新生代中学教师主要关注薪酬、物质福利等外部工作价值时,其工作投入程度更容易受到工作压力的负面影响。     

新生代农民工农民身份认同与自我和谐的关系

目的:探讨新生代农民工农民身份认同与自我和谐的现状及两者的关系。方法:采用"农民工农民身份认同问卷"和"自我和谐量表"对219名新生代农民工进行测试。结果:1新生代农民工的农民身份认同在性别、收入水平、工作城市(t=-3.681,-12.657,-12.073;P0.001)和受教育程度(F=30.121,P0.001)上差异显著;2新生代农民工自我和谐在性别、收入水平、工作城市(t=-2.972,-13.799,-14.039;P0.01或0.001)、受教育程度(F=14.756,P0.001)上差异显著;3自我归类和自我与经验的不和谐、自我的灵活性、自我的刻板性呈显著负相关(r=-0.19,-0.35,-0.21;P0.001或0.01);身份重要性和自我与经验的不和谐、自我的灵活性、自我的刻板性呈显著负相关(r=0.37,0.56,0.45;P0.001);行为投入和自我与经验的不和谐、自我的灵活性、自我的刻板性呈显著负相关(r=0.31,0.60,0.42;P0.001)。结论:新生代农民工的农民身份认同越高,自我和谐的程度也越高。     

新生代农民工易激惹问卷编制

目的:探索新生代农民工易激惹的心理结构并编制问卷。方法:通过访谈、开放式问卷调查、文献检索形成初始项目,合成问卷并施测,通过项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和信效度分析,最终编制出新生代农民工易激惹问卷。结果:新生代农民工易激惹由消极认知、情绪不稳定性、攻击行为和愤怒4个维度构成,共解释变异的62.113%;验证性因素分析表明问卷的模拟程度较好;总问卷和4个因素的Cronbachα系数为0.732~0.909,重新信度为0.706~0.859;同时该问卷的效标效度良好。结论:新生代农民工易激惹由4个维度构成,具有良好的信效度,可用于相关研究和实践。     

基于问卷法的代际与生涯发展的工作价值观研究

目的:探讨随着社会变迁和个人生涯发展工作价值观的特点及规律(稳定性与变化性)。方法:采用工作价值观量表,通过问卷指导语引导被试对自己过去(刚参加工作时)、现在、将来(设想未来某一天)的工作价值观进行评估,回收有效问卷1867份。结果:(1)压力小、内在价值、外在价值、社会地位4个价值观因子3个年代组之间代际差异显著。(2)生涯发展分析结果显示:①压力小、内在价值、外在价值、社会地位、家庭与生活5个价值观因子上生涯主效应均显著,从过去、现在到未来,得分呈逐步升高的趋势;②压力小、外在价值、社会地位、家庭与生活4个价值观因子的生涯与代际交互作用显著。(3)对于60年代和70-80年代被试,过去工作价值观与现在工作价值观之间,以及现在工作价值观与未来工作价值观之间呈高度显著相关,但过去工作价值观与未来工作价值观之间相关程度较低;对于90年代被试,其工作价值观过去、现在、未来之间均呈高度正相关。结论:(1)工作价值观的代际变迁趋势表现为:越年长的一代选择工作时越重视工作的轻松、简单、少压力;越年轻的一代选择工作时越重视能力发挥、兴趣相符、实现个人理想等方面。(2)工作价值观的生涯发展趋势表现为:随着个人生涯的发展,个体在选择工作时越来越重视工作的轻松、愉快、能否发挥个人的潜能与创造力、是否与个人志趣相符、物质回报、社会地位、尊重、声望、工作对于家庭与生活的促进等因素。     

新生代农民工心理安全感的结构探索及问卷编制

目的:探索新生代农民工心理安全感的结构并编制问卷。方法:通过访谈、开放性问卷调查、文献检索形成问卷的初始项目,在预测的基础上,采用自编问卷对被试进行施测,得到有效问卷1218份。用一般自我效能感量表进行效标效度检验。选取53名新生代农民工间隔2周进行重测。结果:新生代农民工心理安全感由把握未来、满意现在、归属认同、感知支持4因素构成,共解释总变异的69.966%;4因素模型在验证性因素分析中得到了较好的验证。问卷总分及4个因素得分与一般自我效能感量表总分显著正相关(0.280~0.369)。总问卷的Cronbachα系数为0.924,4个因素的Cronbachα系数为0.810~0.870。总问卷的分半信度为0.872,4个因素的分半信度为0.814~0.868。总问卷的重测信度为0.869,4个因素的重测信度为0.692~0.740。结论:新生代农民工心理安全感由四个因素构成,信度效度符合心理测量学要求,可用于相关的研究和实践。     

8～16岁儿童父母权威观及行为自主发展特点的研究

目的:探讨8～16儿童不同事务领域父母权威观和行为自主的发展特点。方法:用问卷法和访谈法对251名儿童和青少年4个事务领域内(道德、社会常规、个人和交友)父母权威合理性判断倾向和行为自主的发展特点进行测查。结果:①8～16岁儿童在父母权威合理性判断上领域的主效应显著;②8～16岁的儿童在所有领域内都存在极其显著的年龄差异;③8～16岁儿童和青少年在个人权限上年级差异显著,55%的青少年使用个人的理由;④8～16岁儿童和青少年只有在写日记上男女青少年对父母权威的合理性判断差异显著。结论:8～16岁儿童和青少年不同事务领域的父母权威观不同,随着年龄的增长,8～16岁儿童和青少年行为自主发展呈上升趋势。     

美院学生自我价值感特点及其与学校归属感的相关研究

目的:考察美院学生自我价值感特点及其与学校归属感的关系.方法:采用青少年学生自我价值感量表和学校归属感量表对中国美术学院647名学生进行测试.结果:①美院学生自我价值感显著高于全国常模:在个人取向心理自我价值感、个人取向家庭自我价值感上存在显著的性别差异;独生子女的个人取向一般自我价值感显著高于非独身子女;来自城市的学生的社会取向一般自我价值感、个人取向一般自我价值感及社会取向人际自我价值感显著高于来自乡镇的学生;设计专业学生的社会取向道德自我价值感显著高于造型专业学生;在个人取向一般自我价值感、个人取向人际自我价值感、个人取向心理自我价值感及个人取向家庭自我价值感方面存在显著的年级差异;成绩优良的学生的自我价值感显著高于成绩一般的学生.②美院学生自我价值感各维度与学校归属感之间存在显著正相关.结论:美院学生的自我价值感较高,一般自我价值感对学校归属感有显著的预测作用.     

大学生个人自尊、集体自尊与自我和谐水平的关系研究

目的探讨大学生自我和谐与个人自尊、集体自尊之间的关系。方法采用SCCS、SES、CSES对189名大学生进行调查,对数据进行相关和回归分析。结果自我和谐总分及其各维度与个人自尊、集体自尊之间,除自我刻板性与之无显著相关外,其余均两两相关且非常显著。回归分析表明,集体自尊对个人自尊回归效应显著,集体自尊对自我和谐回归效应显著。结论个人自尊对集体自尊与自我和谐的关系起了中介的影响。     

浅谈大学教育中的创新型人才培养

本文从七个方面对大学教育中的创新型人才培养进行了探讨。提出:通过教学培养人才、通过研究培养人才、通过为社会服务培养人才。提高学生的多维知识能力,促进个人与社会协调、全面地发展。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.