二尖瓣成形术及二尖瓣置换术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变的近期效果比较

目的 探究二尖瓣成形术及二尖瓣置换术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变的近期效果。方法 选取2019年7月—2023年6月收治的风湿性二尖瓣病变患者400例作为研究对象。200例实施二尖瓣成形术（研究组）,200例实施二尖瓣置换术（对照组）,比较两组患者心功能、术中相关指标、住院时间、二尖瓣反流情况和并发生发生情况。结果 治疗前研究组左心室舒张内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左房内径（LAD）与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,治疗后研究组各指标均优于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组手术术中出血量和住院时间少于对照组,体外循环时间和手术时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;研究组二发生3例二尖瓣中度反流,15例轻度反流,发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;研究组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 二尖瓣成形术治疗风湿性二尖瓣病变效果更佳,可促进患者术后恢复,安全性高,心功能改善更明显,值得临床推广。     

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的疗效分析

目的总结二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的经验,分析其临床效果。方法回顾性分析1997年2月至2007年3月152例二尖瓣前叶脱垂的非风湿性心脏病患者在我院行二尖瓣成形术的临床资料,男96例,女56例;年龄10～73岁(38.54±17.22岁)。其中瓣膜退行性病变119例,先天性二尖瓣病变24例,缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全3例,感染性心内膜炎6例。术前超声心动图提示:二尖瓣反流量中度70例,中度至重度63例,重度19例;前叶病变87例,前叶+后叶病变65例;152例患者均在低温体外循环下行二尖瓣成形术。结果术中经注水实验或食管超声心动图评价成形效果满意,术后早期无死亡。随访3个月～8.5年,随访135例,随访率88.82%(135/152);心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ级93例,Ⅱ级35例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级4例;超声心动图提示:术后左心房内径(41.09±10.40mmvs.45.32±10.07mm,t=4.186,P=0.000),左心室舒张期末内径(52.04±7.74mmvs.60.70±7.72mm,t=9.676,P=0.000)与术前比较均明显缩小;无或微量反流36例,轻度反流45例,轻度至中度反流38例,中度反流9例,中度至重度反流7例。5例术后行二尖瓣置换术,晚期死亡3例,其中2例死于心力衰竭,1例死亡原因不明。结论虽然二尖瓣前叶病变成形手术相对复杂,但根据患者的具体病变情况选用相应的成形手术方法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂,可取得较满意的临床效果。     

二尖瓣成形术的临床应用及疗效分析

目的总结二尖瓣成形术的临床经验,分析其疗效,探讨临床应用方法。方法自2000年6月至2009年6月上海交通大学附属胸科医院心血管外科对236例二尖瓣关闭不全患者施行二尖瓣成形术,其中男105例,女131例;年龄8个月~76岁(53.27±21.60岁)。术前均经彩色超声心动图检查诊断:二尖瓣中度关闭不全79例,重度关闭不全157例。针对236例三种类型不同病变部位的二尖瓣关闭不全,采用人工瓣环植入22例,前叶三角形切除5例,人工腱索植入45例,腱索转移34例,缘对缘技术31例,后叶Sliding技术16例,矩形或楔形切除77例,裂缺修复6例。结果全组无死亡,术毕经食管超声心动图检查提示:无反流156例(66.10%),轻微-轻度反流68例(28.81%),轻-中度反流12例(5.08%);出现血红蛋白尿3例;术后随访236例,随访时间6~108个月(62.00±38.20个月),超声心动图检查提示:无反流138例,轻微-轻度反流78例,轻中度反流17例,中度反流2例,中重度反流1例;平均左心室射血分数58.34%。再手术率为0.84%(2/236)。结论灵活应用多种二尖瓣成形技术纠治不同类型的二尖瓣关闭不全,中长期效果良好。     

二尖瓣成形术116例

目的　为了评价二尖瓣成形术的临床效果 ,对近年来 14岁以上行二尖瓣成形术患者的临床资料进行总结。　方法　二尖瓣病变患者 116例 ,诊断为二尖瓣狭窄 1例 ,二尖瓣狭窄合并关闭不全 6例 ,其余均为单纯二尖瓣关闭不全。超声心动图检查示左心房内径平均 4 8± 10 mm,左心室舒张期末内径平均 6 2± 10 mm。二尖瓣成形术方法 :腱索转移 2例 ,腱索折叠 10例 ,后叶楔形切除 6 7例 ,瓣环环缩 82例。　结果　全组无手术死亡 ,1例术后第 2天出现心力衰竭行二尖瓣置换术。出院前超声心动图示左心房内径平均为 37± 9m m,左心室舒张期末内径平均为 5 1±7mm ,与术前相比均明显缩小。　结论　二尖瓣成形术应根据二尖瓣病变的特征进行选择 ,对非风湿性二尖瓣病变行二尖瓣成形术可取得较满意的临床效果。     

婴儿二尖瓣成形术后再次二尖瓣置换术一例

患者女,7个月。年龄3个月时因呼吸道感染、二尖瓣重度关闭不全合并心力衰竭行二尖瓣成形术。术后恢复良好,超声心动图提示:二尖瓣轻微关闭不全。出院后3个月因肺炎(未排除心内膜炎)、心力衰竭入院,入院查体:体温38.6℃,呼吸急促,消瘦,颈静脉怒张,双肺闻及大量干湿性啰音,心率150次/分,心尖部闻及3/6级收缩期吹风样杂音。超声心动图提示:左心房前后径27 mm,左心室前后径     

保留二尖瓣装置的二尖瓣置换术

目的比较传统二尖瓣置换术(MVR)和保留二尖瓣装置的MVR治疗单纯风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的临床效果. 方法回顾性分析77例单纯风湿性二尖瓣狭窄行MVR患者的临床资料,按术式不同将其分为3组,组1:35例,保留全部二尖瓣装置;组2:19例,保留二尖瓣后瓣瓣下结构;对照组:23例,行传统MVR手术. 结果术后早期对照组和组1各死亡1例,晚期对照组死亡2例,组1和组2各死亡1例.术后3～16个月超声心动图检查显示,对照组和组2左心室舒张期末内径( LVEDD)较术前明显增大(P＜0.01),组1LVEDD 增大不明显(P＞0.01).组1、组2左心室射血分数 (EF)和短轴缩短率(FS)较术前有明显改善(P＜0.01),对照组改善不明显(P＞0.01). 结论单纯风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者行MVR时保留二尖瓣装置有利于术后左心功能的恢复.     

保留二尖瓣装置的二尖瓣置换术

保留二尖瓣装置的二尖瓣置换术税跃平，曾培元，江绪明综述萧明弟审校二尖瓣腱索及乳头肌在左室收缩中起重要作用，它把二尖瓣环牵向心尖部，使左室在收缩时长轴及心室容积变得更小，更有利于心脏射血。以往二尖瓣置换的常规手术方法不保留腱索及乳头肌，切断了二尖瓣环与...     

二尖瓣后叶三角形切除成形术的疗效分析CSCD

目的 探讨二尖瓣后叶三角形切除术远期疗效,为临床治疗提供参考.方法 回顾性分析2008年3月至2016年12月我院61例二尖瓣成形术患者的术前及术后随访资料,30例二尖瓣后叶三角形切除术（研究组）,31例二尖瓣后叶矩形（楔形）切除成形术（对照组）,比较术前、出院和随访时患者心功能相关指标及二尖瓣反流情况.结果 随访3~106个月,平均（42 ±34）个月,左心房、左心室径缩小（P〈0.05）,NYHA心功能明显改善.随访期间研究组出现二尖瓣中度反流1例、心律失常1例.对照组死亡1例、二尖瓣中度反流2例、心律失常1例.研究组免再反流比例（97 ±6）%,对照组免再反流比例（97 ±4）%.两组间差异无统计学意义.两组术后及随访均未出现SAM征.结论 二尖瓣后叶三角形切除成形术是一种更简单、更易行、远期疗效也较好的手术方法,与矩形切除成形术的远期疗效无明显不同.     

改良DeVega三尖瓣成形术的临床应用

风湿性心脏病合并功能性三尖瓣关闭不全（TR）多继发于严重肺动脉高压或合并右心衰竭,发生率约22%～30%,处理不当会直接影响病人的预后.近年我们采用改良DeVega三尖瓣环成形术治疗风湿性心脏病功能性TR病人32例,现报道如下.     

二尖瓣直视成形术的疗效评价

三十余年中，阜外医院共行二尖瓣直视成形术４８８例。住院死亡率１１．２７％，１９８０年以后为７％。平均随访１２．３３±８．８３年，远期死亡率１．９９％人年，再手术率０．３７％人年，栓塞率０．５％人年。本文着重讨论二尖瓣成形方法和影响成形疗效的因素     

Mitral Annuloplasty in Endomyocardial Fibrosis: An Alternative to Valve Replacement

The case of a patient with left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) causing severe mitral regurgitation is presented. Excision of the fibrotic tissue through the left atrium and mitral annuloplasty resulted in symptomatic relief and uncomplicated pregnancy. An X-linked congenital dermatological condition, Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome (incontinentia pigmenti), associated with chronic eosinophilia, was also present. This occurrence with EMF has not previously been reported. Atrioventricular valve reconstruction is a feasible alternative to valve replacement in EMF.     

Beyond the 10-Year Horizon: Mitral Valve Repair Solely With Chordal Replacement and Annuloplasty

BackgroundThe long-term outcomes of mitral valve repair by nonresection techniques, such as annuloplasty and chordal replacement, for degenerative mitral valve regurgitation were investigated.MethodsAll consecutive patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation who received solely chordal replacement and annuloplasty for mitral valve repair between 2003 and 2010 at the German Heart Center Munich were reviewed. The endpoints of this retrospective study were survival, cumulative incidence of reoperation on the mitral valve, and cumulative incidence of significant recurrent mitral regurgitation.ResultsA total of 346 patients were evaluated. The median follow-up period was 10.86 (range, 0.01-15.86) years. The 30-day mortality rate was 0.58% (n = 2 of 346), whereas the 5-year survival was 92.97% ± 1.41%. At 5 years, cumulative incidence of recurrent mitral regurgitation was 6.87% ± 1.57% and cumulative incidence of reoperation on the mitral valve was 3.69% ± 1.05%. Survival at 10 years was 83.35% ± 2.15%. At 10 years, cumulative incidence of recurrent mitral regurgitation was 13.31% ± 2.22% and cumulative incidence of reoperation was 7.84% ± 1.55%. Cox regression analysis identified age, diabetes mellitus, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction <55% as independent risk factors for death. Left ventricular ejection fraction <55% was revealed as independent risk factor for significant recurrent mitral regurgitation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated excellent long-term outcomes with low incidence of reoperation after mitral valve repair using chordal replacement in a highly selected patient cohort. Our findings emphasized the importance of early intervention in severe degenerative mitral regurgitation, especially in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.     

Linear Segmental Annuloplasty for Mitral Valve Repair

A method of posterior mitral annulus remodeling is presented. The posterior annulus is divided into three segments, each segment encircled by a suture that is passed in a tourniquet. Coaptation of the leaflets can be achieved by tightening the tourniquets while the ventricle is being filled. This technique is simple and quick, avoids the use of foreign material, and requires less expertise and judgment than traditional annuloplasties.(Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:1805–6)     

Mitral Valve Reconstruction and Mitral Valve Replacement for Ischemic Mitral Insufficiency

Abstract Background: Patients with ischemic mitral incompetence have a high operative risk whether the valve is repaired or replaced. The advantage of repair over replacement is unclear in this group of patients. Methods: Between April 1986 and December 1994, 232 patients underwent surgery for ischemic mitral valve insufficiency; mitral valve replacement was performed in 98 of them. Operative mortality was 13.3%. The actuarial survival rate after 5 years was 73.3%. The surgical risk in patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 10%-30% (operative mortality 50.0%) was higher than in those whose LVEF was greater than 30%. Valve reconstruction was performed in 102 patients. Operative mortality in this patient group was 14.7%. The surgical risk in patients whose LVEF was 30% was higher (operative mortality 42.9%). Results: The total actuarial survival rate of all patients was 64.4% after 5 years. Mortality during follow-up was higher in patients with residual mitral valve insufficiency greater than grade I after mitral valve reconstruction. Twenty-four patients with severly impaired left ventricular function underwent heart transplantation. Operative mortality in this group was 12.5%. Eight patients received left ventricular aneurysmectomy in addition to valve surgery, three of them died early. Conclusions: We conclude that patients with highly impaired left ventricular function and ischemic mitral insufficiency are at too great a risk for either valve reconstruction or replacement. Cardiac transplantation should be considered for this patient group. However, patients with ischemic mitral insufficiency and moderately impaired left ventricular function can undergo valve reconstruction or replacement with an acceptable prognosis. The goal of mitral valve reconstruction should be reducing mitral valve insufficiency to at least grade I. If this is not achieved, the prognosis after repair is worse than after valve replacement, therefore, the surgeon should replace the valve without delay.     

Technique of Mitral Valve Replacement

A technique for mitral valve replacement is described that provides adequate exposure for excision of the valve and secure suturing of the annulus, even in patients with a small left atrium. The technique has been used in more than 100 patients and has resulted in only a minimal amount of perivalvular leak.