血栓素受体参与子痫前期的发病

目的 探讨血栓素受体(TPr)与子痫前期发病机制的关系.方法 用免疫组化和实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)的方法检测36例子痫前期孕妇(病例组)和34例正常妊娠孕妇(对照组)胎盘中血栓素合酶(TXS)、血栓素受体(TPr)和非吞噬细胞氧化酶1(NOX1)的表达,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测胎盘TXA2的表达.结果 TXS和TPr蛋白主要表达在细胞滋养细胞、合体滋养细胞和绒毛血管内皮细胞的胞质中,NOX1蛋白主要表达在细胞滋养细胞、合体滋养细胞、绒毛血管内皮细胞及间质细胞的胞质中.子痫前期组胎盘TXS和NOX1蛋白、mRNA表达和TXA2表达均强于对照组(P＜0.05).子痫前期TXA2表达与新生儿体质量呈负相关(P＜0.01).TXA2表达与NOX1 mRNA表达呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 TXA2可能通过TPr通路导致胎盘产生过量ROS并向母体血液循环释放,参与子痫前期的发病过程.     

生长分化因子15在子痫前期胎盘滋养细胞中的表达及意义

目的探讨生长分化因子-15（GDF-15）在子痫前期患者胎盘滋养细胞中的表达,探讨其在子痫前期发病机制中的作用。方法选择2009年12月至2010年10月在青岛市市立医院住院分娩的子痫前期孕妇140例,其中早发型轻度子痫前期孕妇35例（早发轻度组）,晚发型轻度子痫前期孕妇35例（晚发轻度组）,早发型重度子痫前期孕妇35例（早发重度组）,晚发型重度子痫前期孕妇35例（晚发重度组）;另选同期健康孕妇35例为对照组。采用RT—PCR检测胎盘滋养细胞中GDF-15mRNA的表达量;采用免疫组化方法检测胎盘滋养细胞中GDF-15蛋白的表达。结果RT—PCR显示子痫前期各组胎盘滋养细胞中GDF-15mRNA表达水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;但子痫前期各组间分别比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。免疫组化显示GDF-15表达于胎盘滋养细胞的细胞浆和细胞外基质中,并在各组胎盘滋养细胞中均表达。子痫前期各组胎盘滋养细胞中GDF-15蛋白表达水平均高于对照组组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;但子痫前期各组间分别比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论GDF-15在子痫前期胎盘滋养细胞中表达升高,GDF-15的表达水平变化可能与子痫前期发病有关。     

Cyr61对外周血NK细胞的增殖和活性调节

目的:体外实验探讨Cyr61对外周血NK(pNK)细胞的增殖和活性的影响。方法:磁珠分选得到纯化的pNK细胞;流式细胞术检测pNK细胞的抑制性和活化性受体、细胞因子IFN-γ的生成和细胞毒性。结果:Cyr61促进外周血淋巴细胞中pNK细胞的增殖,降低CD16的表达;降低淋巴细胞中pNK细胞的活化性受体NKG2D、NKp30和CD244的表达,提高抑制性受体KIR3DL1的表达;能够促进纯化pNK细胞的KIR2DL1表达,降低纯化pNK细胞的胞内IFN-γ生成和细胞毒性。结论:Cyr61对pNK细胞活化的抑制作用,支持了其他学者关于Cyr61在正常妊娠和子痫前期的发病方面可能发挥重要作用的研究结果。     

FAS蛋白在子痫前期胎盘中的表达及意义

目的检测子痫前期胎盘的FAS蛋白表达水平,探讨子痫前期的发病机制。方法采用免疫组织化学方法结合病理图像分析技术,定量分析10例正常妊娠组、17例轻度子痫前期组和13例重度子痫前期组胎盘FAS蛋白表达。结果 FAS蛋白主要表达与胎盘绒毛滋养细胞的胞膜及胞浆内。与正常妊娠组比较,子痫前期组胎盘FAS蛋白表达显著增加,轻度、重度子痫前期组比较,有显著性差异。结沦子痫前期患者胎盘滋养层细胞FAS蛋白表达增加可能是子痫前期的发病机制之一,从而为临床治疗子痫前期提供新的方向。     

细胞外钙受体在妊娠期高血压疾病胎盘组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨妊娠期高血压疾病患者胎盘组织中细胞外钙受体(CASR)mRNA及蛋白表达水平变化及其意义.方法 采用免疫组化方法和免疫荧光及RT-PCR技术分别检测妊娠期高血压疾病患者65例(妊娠期高血压组22例,子痈前期轻度组24例,重度组19例)及健康足月孕妇30例(对照组)胎盘组织中CASR的定位、mRNA及蛋白表达水平.结果 (1)CASR主要位于胎盘细胞滋养细胞、绒毛滋养细胞及血管内皮细胞上.(2)妊娠期高血压组患者胎盘组织中CASR的mRNA表达水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(g=7.07,P=0.0004).子痫前期轻度组和子痫前期重度组,两组比较,差异也有统计学意义(q=20.96,P＜0.0001).(3)CASR的蛋白在妊娠期高血压组患者胎盘组织中表达水平为59.0532±8.039,对照组为54.8585±4.3035,两组比较,差异无显著性(q=0.08,P=0.7759).而子痫前期轻度组、子痫前期重度组两组比较,差异有统计学意义(q=16.18,P＜0.0001).结论 妊娠期高血压疾病患者胎盘组织中CASR的mRNA表达激活及CASR的蛋白异常表达,导致妊娠期高血压疾病的发病和胎盘病理改变的发生发展.     

VEGF在不同类型子痫前期患者胎盘组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在不同类型子痫前期患者胎盘组织中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测18例正常孕妇（对照组），36例子痫前期患者（子痫前期组，其中轻度子痫前期患者18例，重度子痫前期患者18例）胎盘组织中VEGF的表达强度。结果VEGF主要表达于胎盘绒毛滋养细胞；重度子痫前期患者胎盘绒毛滋养细胞VEGF表达强度明显低于对照组及轻度子痫前期患者（P＜0．05），而轻度子痫前期患者与对照组比较，无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论VEGF在胎盘中主要由绒毛滋养细胞分泌，子痫前期患者VEGF分泌减少，尤其是重度子痫前期的患者,这可能是引起局部胎盘绒毛及血管痛变的原因。     

晚期正常妊娠和子痫前期胎盘中组织蛋白酶B的表达

目的探讨组织蛋白酶B(cathepsin B)在晚期妊娠胎盘绒毛的表达及在子痫前期发病中可能的作用。方法分别取正常足月胎盘36例和子痫前期胎盘30例,免疫组化方法检测胎盘绒毛cathepsin B的表达情况,同时观察胎盘组织的病理变化。结果 cathepsin B在晚期妊娠胎盘绒毛细胞滋养细胞的细胞质中有高表达。正常足月胎盘cathepsin B表达阴性(-)1例(2.7%),弱阳性(+)16例(43.2%),阳性(～)20例(54.1%);子痫前期胎盘cathepsin B表达阴性(-)5例(16.7%),弱阳性(+)16例(53.3%),阳性(～)9例(30.0%),cathepsin B在子痫前期胎盘阴性率表达较正常足月胎盘高,而阳性率表达较低,两组比较差异有显著性(P0.05);结论cathepsin B在晚期妊娠胎盘中仍然有高表达,cathepsin B在正常足月妊娠和子痫前期胎盘表达的差异提示cathepsin B不仅参与了正常妊娠的维持,cathepsin B表达降低导致的滋养细胞侵袭能力下降,可能与子痫前期的发病有关。     

肺癌中Cyr61的表达及其对肺癌细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响

目的探讨Cyr61在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)中的表达,以及其对NSCLC细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响。方法收集63例NSCLC组织及对应癌旁组织,采用免疫组化法检测组织中Cyr61的表达,分析Cyr61表达与NSCLC临床病理特征的关系。体外培养A549、NCI-H460细胞,转染Cyr61 mimics分为空白对照组、阴性转染组、Cyr61转染组,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况;Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭、迁移能力;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况;Western blot法检测转染后细胞中Cyr61、BCL-2、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达。结果与癌旁组织相比,NSCLC组织中Cyr61蛋白阳性率降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Cyr61蛋白表达与吸烟、淋巴结转移、临床分期有关(P0.05)。转染Cyr61 mimics后,Cyr61蛋白表达、细胞迁移、侵袭数量、BCL-2蛋白表达降低(P0.05),细胞抑制率、凋亡率、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达升高(P0.05)。结论 Cyr61在肺癌中呈低表达,体外过表达后能够抑制细胞增殖、迁移,诱导凋亡,其机制可能与Caspase-3凋亡通路激活有关。     

KiSS-1在子痫前期患者胎盘组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因KiSS-1是否是子痫前期的发病机制。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测25例正常足月妊娠妇女(正常妊娠组)与40例子痫前期患者(子痫前期组,其中轻度子痫前期15例、重度子痫前期25例)胎盘组织中KiSS-1的表达。结果KiSS-1主要位于胎盘绒毛小叶的合体滋养细胞。子痫前期组胎盘组织中KiSS-1的平均光密度为(0.137±0.010),其中轻度子痫前期为(0.132±0.004),重度子痫前期为(0.140±0.012);均明显高于正常妊娠组的(0.124±0.010),P值分别为P<0.01、P<0.05(P=0.019)、P<0.01。结论胎盘组织中KiSS-1的表达水平随病情程度的加重而增高,可能与子痫前期的发病有关。     

子痫前期患者胎盘组织中visfatin蛋白与mRNA表达及意义

目的:探讨内脂素(visfatin,VF)在子痫前期(PE)患者胎盘组织中的表达及意义。方法:选择2011年8月至2013年12月在温州医科大学附属第一医院住院分娩的孕妇共计100例,根据病情轻重分为重度PE组、轻度PE组和正常妊娠组。采用苏木素-伊红染色法观察3组胎盘组织病理变化;免疫组化法及real-time PCR技术分别检测3组胎盘VF蛋白及mRNA的表达并分析其与子痫前期发病的关系。结果:PE的病理改变主要表现为细胞滋养细胞及合体滋养细胞结构紊乱且形态不完整;细胞滋养细胞增生,合体滋养细胞结节增多;绒毛毛细血管减少、淤血。免疫组化及real-time PCR结果显示胎盘组织中内脂素定位于合体及细胞滋养层细胞的胞浆,随着病情的加重,VF蛋白及mRNA表达量逐渐升高,重度PE组明显高于正常妊娠组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PE患者存在绒毛血管内皮细胞损伤和功能紊乱。胎盘VF蛋白及mRNA在PE孕妇中高表达,表明VF与PE的发生具有一定关系。     

Decreased expression of the angiogenic regulators CYR61 (CCN1) and NOV (CCN3) in human placenta is associated with pre-eclampsia

The pregnancy disorder pre-eclampsia (PE) is thought to be caused in part by shallow invasion of the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) leading to uteroplacental insufficiency and hypoxia. Here, we focused on the expressions of cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61, CCN1) and nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV, CCN3), members of the CCN family of angiogenic regulators, in human placenta during normal pregnancy compared with pre-eclamptic and HELLP placentae using quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry. During normal pregnancy, both proteins showed increasing expression levels and were strongly coexpressed in endothelial cells of vessels, stromal cells and interstitial EVT giant cells. However, NOV showed an earlier onset of expression in villous endothelial cells during gestation compared with CYR61, which may signify distinct roles of these proteins in placental angiogenesis. In early-onset pre-eclamptic placentae, both CYR61 and NOV were expressed at a significantly lower level compared with normal matched controls. This decrease of CYR61 and NOV in pre-eclamptic placentae is not associated with a decrease of the endothelial marker CD34 or vimentin. No obvious changes in the localization of CYR61 and NOV in pre-eclamptic placentae were detected but a change in the intracellular distribution in trophoblast giant cells. Our data point to a potential role of both molecules in the pathogenesis of early-onset PE.     

Cyr61基因在结肠癌肿瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨富含半胱氨酸61(Cyr61)在结肠癌肿瘤组织中的表达及意义。方法:应用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学技术分别检测结肠癌肿瘤组织中Cyr61 mRNA及其蛋白水平的表达情况,用细胞核增殖相关抗原Ki-67单克隆抗体标记肿瘤细胞并计算细胞增殖指数,用SPSS10.0软件分析Cyr61表达与该肿瘤细胞增殖指数、临床特征及预后的关系。结果:(1)40例结肠癌病例中37例(92.5%)Cyr61 mRNA表达上调,36例(90.0%)肿瘤细胞CYR61蛋白表达阳性;(2)Cyr61表达与该肿瘤细胞增殖指数呈正相关(r=0.68,P=0.0308);(3)Cyr61表达与该肿瘤的淋巴结转移、组织学分型、Duke’s分期有关(P=0.045,P=0.035,P=0.045);(4)生存分析显示,Cyr61表达上调者预后不良。结论:Cyr61在结肠癌肿瘤组织中广泛表达,可能与该肿瘤的临床特征和预后有关。     

Cyr61, a deregulated gene in endometriosis

Gene expression profiling was performed to identify genes involved in the development of endometriosis. In the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, several estrogen-regulated genes were up-regulated in endometria of women with endometriosis. The most consistent regulation with one of the highest factors was observed for the Cyr61 gene, which codes for a secreted, cysteine-rich, heparin-binding protein that promotes cell adhesion, migration, and neovascularization. Estrogen responsiveness of endometrial Cyr61 expression was suggested by the higher expression during the proliferative phase and the reduction observed in human endometrial fragments grafted into nude mice subsequently treated with an anti-estrogen. The expression level of Cyr61 was found to be further increased in ectopic endometriotic lesions, as compared to eutopic endometria. In these lesions, an imbalance in expression of the estrogen-converting enzymes 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and 2 was found, which might explain the elevated Cyr61 level. However, Cyr61 expression was not altered in endometriotic lesions of women treated with a GnRH agonist. These results suggest that Cyr61 may represent a gene characteristic for endometriosis and also play an important role in the development and persistence of endometriotic lesions.     

Cyr61促进RA滑膜细胞增殖及炎症因子调控研究

目的:采用类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者滑膜细胞的体外培养,研究基质蛋白Cyr61在RA滑膜细胞增殖中的作用及其机制。方法:通过Real-time PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测RA病人的滑膜组织和细胞中Cyr61的表达情况;用3H-TdR掺入法检测滑膜液(SF)对滑膜细胞增殖的影响;用ELISA方法检测RA患者滑膜液中Cyr61蛋白的水平。结果:RA病人的滑膜组织和细胞中高表达Cyr61;SF能刺激滑膜细胞发生明显增殖;且RA患者滑膜液中含高浓度的Cyr61蛋白。用SiRNA干扰技术抑制滑膜细胞中Cyr61基因表达,再加入滑膜液后,则滑膜细胞增殖明显降低。同时,将SF与anti-Cyr61抗体共同孵育后再刺激滑膜细胞,FLS也不再发生明显增殖。进一步研究滑膜液中与上调Cyr61表达有关的炎症细胞因子,发现SF中IFNγ-和TNFα-具有上调Cyr61蛋白表达的作用。结论:Cyr61蛋白是促进滑膜细胞增殖的重要调控基因;RA患者滑膜液中含有高浓度的炎症因子IFNγ-和TNFα-,通过上调Cyr61蛋白表达而促进滑膜细胞增殖,可能是促进RA病理性滑膜增生的重要因素之一。     

SIRT-1 regulates TGF-β-induced dermal fibroblast migration via modulation of Cyr61 expression

SIRT1 is a NAD-dependent protein deacetylase that participates in cellular regulation. The increased migration of fibroblasts is an important phenotype in fibroblast activation. The role of SIRT1 in cell migration remains controversial as to whether SIRT1 acts as an activator or suppressor of cell migration. Therefore, we have established the role of SIRT1 in the migration of human dermal fibroblasts and explored targets of SIRT1 during dermal fibroblast migration. SIRT1 and Cyr61 were expressed in human dermal fibroblasts and the stimulation with TGF-β further induced their expression. Treatment with resveratrol (RSV), a SIRT1 agonist, or overexpression of SIRT1 also promoted the expression Cyr61 in human dermal fibroblasts, whereas the inhibition of SIRT1 activity by nicotinamide or knockdown of SIRT1 decreased the level of Cyr61, as well as TGF-β or RSV-induced Cyr61 expression. Blocking of ERK signaling by PD98509 reduced the expression of Cyr61 induced by TGF-β or RSV. TGF-β, RSV, or SIRT1 overexpression enhanced β-catenin as well as Cyr61 expression. This stimulation was reduced by the Wnt inhibitor XAV939. RSV increased migration and nicotinamide attenuated RSV-induced migration of human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, SIRT1 overexpression promoted cell migration, whereas blocking Cyr61 attenuated SIRT1-stimulated migration of human dermal fibroblasts. SIRT1 increased cell migration by stimulating Cyr61 expression and the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. SIRT1-induced Cyr61 activity is very important for human dermal fibroblasts migration.     

Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) regulates trophoblast invasion and motility through effects on nitric oxide

BACKGROUND: Invasion of trophoblast into the uterine environment is crucial for establishing a successful pregnancy. Physiological production of nitric oxide (NO) by extravillous trophoblasts results in significant pro-invasive effects. NO synthesis is competitively inhibited by methylated arginine analogues such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) but not the enantiomer symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Within cells, the concentration of ADMA is regulated by the activity of the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). The aim of this study was to examine DDAH expression and function in trophoblasts. METHODS AND RESULTS: DDAH-1 and DDAH-2 messenger RNA and protein were demonstrated in first trimester placental tissue, primary extravillous trophoblasts and extravillous trophoblast-derived cell lines. DDAH activity was demonstrated in both cells and tissue. Overexpression of DDAH-1 in trophoblasts led to a number of significant changes, including an 8-fold increase in enzymatic activity, a 59% decrease in production of ADMA (but not SDMA), a 1.9-fold increase in NO and a 1.6-fold increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production. Functional assays showed that increased DDAH activity led to significantly increased cell motility and invasion in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). CONCLUSIONS: DDAH may play an important role in the regulation of extravillous trophoblast function via its effects on ADMA and NO production.     

Cyr61基因siRNA表达载体的构建及沉默作用研究

目的:构建Cyr61靶向siRNA重组表达载体,为探讨抑制Cyr61基因表达对机械通气所致肺损伤的研究奠定基础。方法:根据GenBank数据库提供的Cyr61基因核苷酸序列,选择设计3条能转录siRNA的DNA序列,命名Cyr61-1 siRNA,Cyr61-2 siRNA,Cyr61-3 siRNA,同时设计1条非特异性序列作为阴性对照。据此设计合成各自的寡核苷酸链,退火后连接入pGenesil1.1载体,转化扩增后进行序列测定。4种重组表达载体转染肺癌A549细胞,逆转录RT-PCR和Western blot法分别在mRNA和蛋白水平检测Cyr61的表达。结果:经酶切鉴定和测序结果证实Cyr61靶向siRNA重组表达载体构建成功,它对大肠癌细胞Cyr61 mRNA和蛋白的表达抑制率分别为60.54%和52.97%。结论:Cyr61靶向siRNA重组表达载体构建成功并能显著抑制Cyr61基因的表达。     

Altered Expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) on Extravillous Trophoblasts in Preeclampsia: Immunohistological Demonstration With Anti-HLA-G Specific Antibody “87G” and Anti-cytokeratin Antibody “CAM5.2”

PROBLEM: Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is suggested to be at play in the materno-fetal immune relationship during pregnancy. In the light of current concept that disruption of the materno-fetal immune relationship could account for several complications of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, we asked whether the expression of HLA-G protein on the trophoblasts is altered in preeclampsia. METHOD: The presence of HLA-G protein in the extravillous trophoblasts in placenta obtained from five preeclamptic patients and seven uncomplicated pregnant women was determined by means of an immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: All of the extravillous trophoblasts, which were stained for cytokeratin, were stained for HLA-G protein in every woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy. In contrast, clusters of extravillous trophoblasts were insularly devoid of the staining for HLA-G in all the preeclamptic patients. CONCLUSION: The attenuated expression of HLA-G protein on the extravillous trophoblasts could be at play in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.     

NOV (CCN3) regulation in the growth plate and CCN family member expression in cartilage neoplasia

Growth plate chondrocytes undergo a coordinated differentiation process resulting in terminal differentiation and new bone formation. Enchondromas are pre-malignant, benign cartilaginous lesions that arise from growth plate chondrocytes that fail to undergo terminal differentiation. NOV (nephroblastoma overexpressed) is a member of the CCN family of proteins, which share a common multi-modular organization. While the role of NOV in chondrocyte development and cartilage neoplasia is not known, other CCN family members play a role in chondrocyte differentiation, or are differentially regulated in cartilage neoplasia. In embryonic murine growth plates, NOV was expressed in pre-hypertrophic and early hypertrophic chondrocytes. PTHrP treatment (which inhibits terminal differentiation) decreased NOV expression in murine femurs maintained in organ culture, and decreased the activity of a NOV reporter construct in vitro. Expression of the CCN family members NOV, CTGF, CYR61, and WISP-1 was examined in 15 chondrosarcomas of various grades and in three enchondromas. Expression of all of the family members was lower in the higher-grade tumours. As identification of the grade of cartilage neoplasia can sometimes be difficult using histology alone, the level of expression of CCN family members could be a useful adjunct in the determination of tumour grade.     

Expression of tumor-promoting Cyr61 is regulated by hTRA2-β1 and acidosis

The matricellular protein Cysteine rich 61 (Cyr61) displays a remarkable diversity of multiple cellular functions involved in significant physiologic and pathologic processes. Cyr61 is known as an important player in tumor progression, promoting neovascularization and metastasis. Our prior investigations elucidated an oxygen-dependent Cyr61 alternative splicing process characterized by retention of its intron 3, regulating its biological function in a hypoxia-driven on/off switch mechanism. In this work, we identified extracellular acidosis as a potent inducer for altered Cyr61 alternative splicing pattern regulating Cyr61 expression. Intriguingly, splicing factor hTRA2-beta1 displayed an opposite effect on Cyr61 expression. Nuclear hTRA2-beta1 protein expression was found markedly reduced under acidic conditions. In keeping with these conclusions, we show that hTRA2-beta1 can specifically bind a 'GAAG' motif in Cyr61 exon 3 RNA, that the splicing factor displays acidosis-dependent protein localization in cellular compartments, and shRNA-mediated hTRA2-beta1 knock-down triggers the same effects on Cyr61 alternative splicing like acidosis or hypoxia. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis of a specific regulation of Cyr61 expression by hTRA2-beta1.