雌激素受体基因多态性与狼疮性肾炎临床病理的关系

目的 了解雌激素受体（ｅｓｔｒｏｇｅｎ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｉｏｒ，ＥＲ）基因多态性在狼疮性肾炎（ｌｕｐｕｓ ｎｅｐｈｒｉｔｉｓ，ＬＮ）患者中的分布特点，以及不同ＥＲ基因型ＬＮ患者的临床病理特征。方法 用聚合酶链反应－限制性酶切长度多态性分析方法，对２４５例ＬＮ患者（男５８例，女１８７例）基因组ＤＮＡ中ＥＲ基因多态性进行观察，并比较了不同性别ＬＮ患者与正常对照间ＥＲ基因多态性的分布特点。在此基础上进一步比     

雌激素受体(ESR)基因多态性与疾病相关性的研究进展

雌激素受体是一种受配体激活的转录因子,由配体结合区、DNA结合区、转录激活区组成.雌激素受体对于对雌激素敏感的组织是一个重要的调节元件,如子宫内膜、乳腺、骨组织、肝脏等.雌激素的功能是刺激组织的增殖、分化,因此受体功能的变化可能有重要的临床意义.雌激素受体基因的多态性,单倍构型与它的生物学功能是相关的,研究认为ESR基因多态性与乳腺癌、骨质疏松症、HBV感染、子宫内膜异位症、冠心病等疾病存在相关性.该研究从雌激素受体的结构、功能与疾病的相关性方面作一综述.     

雌激素受体基因与骨质疏松

遗传因素在骨质疏松的发生和发展中起重要作用,雌激素受体基因（ER）多态和突变与某些部位骨骼的骨量减少。骨密度降低密切相关。本综述了ER基因与骨质疏松的相关性及可能的机制。     

人类雌激素受体ɑ基因多态性与稽留流产关系的研究

目的研究探讨雌激素受体ɑ(estrogen receptor alpha,ERɑ)基因多态性与稽留流产的关系。方法选取稽留流产患者73例,选取正常妊娠要求流产者95例作为对照组。采集个体妊娠绒毛组织,用分子生物学方法,分析内切酶PvuII、XbaI限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP),观察ERɑ基因多态性在实验组与对照组中的基因型分布及等位基因频率。通过统计学分析探讨ERɑ基因多态性分布与稽留流产的关系。结果 ERɑ基因PvuII酶切多态性分布在实验组与对照组组间差异有统计学意义(P0·05),ERɑ基因XbaI酶切多态性基因型分布在实验组中不符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。结论 ERɑ基因PvuII酶切多态性与稽留流产有关系。P等位基因可能是其危险因素。     

雌激素受体基因多态性与骨质疏松

从雌激素的结构和功能、雌激素受体与骨代谢、人工破坏雌激素受体基因小鼠模型的建立、雌激素受体基因突变的男性病例分析、雌激素受体的同工型及雌激素受体基因多态性等 6个部分综述雌激素及其受体基因在骨质疏松发病中的作用及意义 ,旨在阐明骨质疏松症 ,尤绝经后骨质疏松症的发病及分子机制 ,为基础和临床研究提供系统的思路。     

阿尔茨海默病与雌激素受体α基因多态性的相关性探讨

目的 探讨雌激素受体α基因突变在阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病中的意义。方法 用PCR扩增66例AD患者及143例对照者的激素受体α基因突变点,经限制性内切酶消化后行凝胶电泳确定其基因型。结果 雌激素受体α基因各种基因型频率在患者组与正常对照组之间的差异无显著性。结论 就目前的调查的例数来看,激素受体α基因突变可能不足以构成阿尔茨海默病的独立遗传性危险因子。     

中国汉族人群雌激素受体基因多态性及其与血脂关系的研究

目的：研究雌激素受体（ER）基因多态性在中国汉族正常人群中的分布及其与血脂的关系。方法：应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）方法,观察118名正常汉族人ER基因型,同时检测血脂并探讨两者的关系。结果：正常汉族人群中ER基因型以xx型、Pp型和Ppxx型出现频率最高,男女间差异不显著,且基因间血脂水平比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。与其它种族比较,ER基因型在中国正常人群中的分布与日本、韩国较为接近,而与瑞典、美国、意大利人群中的分布差异显著。结论：ER基因多态性与血脂水平无相关性,但在不同种族间分布有明显的差异,这种差异可能是导致一些疾病在不同种族间的发生、转归和预后不同的遗传因素之一。     

雌激素受体1基因多态性与重症肌无力关系的初步研究

目的 探讨雌激素受体-1基因多态性在MG患者中的分布特征及其与免疫治疗疗效的关系。方法 选取72例MG患者和50例青年卒中患者（除外自身免疫病）的全血，提取DNA后使用序列特异性PCR扩增技术（SSP-PCR）测定雌激素受体-1基因多态性的表达，比较基因型和等位基因在各种MG特征组（包括性别、年龄、病型、合并胸腺异常、激素疗效）的分布。结果 密码子10基因型分布频率在激素有效组和无效组的基因型分布频率有显著性差异（P＝0.043），激素无效组与对照组的基因型分布频率有显著性差异（P＝0.019），考虑到受累范围的影响，基因型的差别在激素疗效各组没有显著性（P＝0.096）。在其他亚组间及各亚组与对照组间均无显著性差异。密码子10等位基因分布频率在各亚组间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。密码子87在实验组、对照组均为GCG型纯合子，不具有多态性。结论 ESR-1基因密码子10、87基因型分布频率对MG发病及临床特征无显著影响。     

正常汉族人群雌激素受体β基因多态性的研究

目的探讨ERβ基因多态性在中国正常汉族人群中的分布特点及其与血脂水平的关系.方法检测湖北地区153例正常人的ERβ基因RsaI和AluI酶切多态性,同时检测血脂水平.结果ERβ基因rr、RR基因型构成比为0.294和0.150:aa、AA基因型构成比为0.765和0.013.RsaI及AluI不同基因型间血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、ApoAI、ApoB水平均有一定差异,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论不同地区人群间ERβ基因多态性的分布存在一定差异性.ERβ基因RsaI和AluI酶切多态性不影响正常汉族人群的血脂水平.     

雌激素受体基因多态性与老年妇女的骨密度

背景：雌激素受体α基因多态性与骨质疏松的发生相关有一定的关系,但是对于危险基因型的研究还存在商榷余地。 目的：分析雌激素受体基因多态性与老年妇女骨密度的相关性。 方法：选择检查的老年健康妇女120例,提取全血基因组DNA,选择限制性内切酶PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ进行酶切,分析基因型的分布与频率。同时选择双能X射线骨密度仪测股骨颈、大转子及Ward三角处的骨密度值。 结果与结论：XbaⅠ酶切基因型XX 6例,Xx 78例,xx 36例;PvuⅡ酶切PP 32例,Pp 50例,pp 38例。不同基因型老年妇女的年龄、绝经年龄与体质量指数值对比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。PvuⅡ酶切PP基因型妇女的大转子与ward三角处的骨密度值明显大于Pp及pp妇女(P < 0.05);而XbaⅠ酶切基因多态性在老年妇女中股骨颈、大转子与Ward三角的骨密度均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。说明雌激素受体基因多态性与老年妇女骨密度有一定的相关性,P等位基因对老年妇女大转子与Ward三角处的骨密度的维持有一定作用。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

维吾尔族雌激素β受体基因多态性与妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的相关性分析

目的 探讨维吾尔族雌激素β受体(extrogen receptor beta gene,ERβ)基因多态性与妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)的相关性.方法 选择2008年4月至2011年4月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院分娩的维吾尔族ICP患者105例为观察组,105名同期维吾尔族正常孕妇作为对照组.应用限制性片段长度多态性方法分析rs1256049(RsaI)和rs4986938(Alu I)两个功能位点,观察两组孕妇ERβ基因型的分布.结果 Rsa I和Alu I的限制性片段长度多态性在两组中均呈多态性分布.ICP组R等位基因频率为35.71％,对照组为50.95％,OR值为0.535(95％可信区间为0.3619～0.7910,P＜0.01);ICP组A等位基因频率为21.43％,对照组为10.95％,OR值为2.2174(95％可信区间为1.2866～3.8215,P＜0.05).结论 维吾尔族孕妇ERβ基因多态性与ICP存在相关性,R等位基因可能是其保护因素,A等位基因则可能是风险因素.     

Association of estrogen receptor 2 gene polymorphisms with obesity in women (obesity and estrogen receptor 2 gene)

Objective

Few studies have examined the association between genetic variants of the estrogen receptor β (ESR2) and obesity in postmenopausal women.

Methods

The relationship of three polymorphisms (rs1271572, rs1256049 and rs4986938) and their associated haplotypes in the ESR2 gene with obesity and overweight were evaluated in 561 apparently healthy women (median age 63 years) from the Women's Health Study. Most of the women were postmenopausal (99.1%). The associations between genotypes and haplotypes with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) were evaluated by logistic regression, assuming an additive model.

Results

No association was observed for any of the three polymorphisms with BMI, overweight or obesity. In haplotype analyses, one haplotype (major allele for all polymorphisms) was associated with a borderline inverse association with overweight but not obesity (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.39–0.98).

Conclusions

An inverse and borderline significant association was found between the ESR2 G-G-G haplotype and overweight in postmenopausal women. Further investigation regarding the association between ESR2 and adiposity should be performed to confirm these findings.     

Correlation of estrogen receptor beta gene polymorphisms with spinal bone mineral density in peri- and post-menopausal Greek women

Estrogens play a significant role in bone physiology. Their action is mainly exerted through their receptors. Estrogen receptor alpha (ER) plays a major role in bone homeostasis and there is evidence suggesting that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) has also an effect on BMD.

We investigated the possible effect of two ERβ gene polymorphisms on spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and metabolic bone markers in Greek women.

Spine BMD as well as biochemical bone markers were measured in 147 healthy peri- and post-menopausal women [mean age (S.D.) 54 (7.9) years]. Genotyping was performed for two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of ERβ gene, RsaI in exon 5 and AluI in exon 8. For each polymorphism studied the cohort was divided into two groups: the “wild-type” group (RR and AA, respectively) and the “carrier” group including subjects with at least one allele with the restriction site (Rr&rr and Aa&aa, respectively).

The distribution of RsaI genotypes was RR: 91.2% (n = 134), Rr: 8.2% (n = 12), and rr: 0.6% (n = 1) and of AluI genotypes AA: 36.7% (n = 54), Aa: 57.2% (n = 84), and aa: 6.1% (n = 9). No linkage disequilibrium was found between the two polymorphic sites studied. Spine BMD did not differ significantly in the two groups of either polymorphism, after adjusting for age, weight, height, and years since menopause [mean BMD (S.D.) for RR 0.841 (0.17) g/cm² versus Rr&rr 0.798 (0.13) g/cm², p = 0.25, and mean BMD (S.D.) for AA 0.828 (0.16) g/cm² versus Aa&aa 0.848 (0.17) g/cm², p = 0.32]. No significant differences were noted in metabolic bone markers except for a marginal difference of RR versus Rr/rr in urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio [median (IQR) 3.88 (6.04) μmol/mmol in RR versus 8.2 (4.32) μmol/mmol in Rr/rr, p = 0.05]. Furthermore, no interaction between the two polymorphisms on BMD was found.

In conclusion, in a Greek female post-menopausal population, the two ERβ gene polymorphisms were not associated with BMD, or metabolic bone markers.     

ESR1基因单核苷酸多态性及单倍型与精神分裂症的关联研究

目的 探索雌激素受体1 (estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)基因rs2234693、rs9340799和rs3798759位点单核苷酸多念性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)及其单倍型与精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)发病之间的相关性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术对333例SZ患者和315名正常对照rs2234693、rs9340799和rs3798759位点进行基因分型,应用x2检验对SZ组和对照组等位基因、基因型和单倍型频率进行分析.结果 rs2234693、rs9340799位点两组间基因型频率及等位基因分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SZ组rs3798759位点GG基因型频率及G等位基因频率均高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).性别分层分析提示,女性SZ患者rs3798759位点TG、GG基因型频率及G等位基因频率均高于健康女性(P＜0.05).单倍型C-A-G和C-G-G在SZ组的分布频率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 rs3798759位点突变可能为女性精神分裂症发生的风险因子,C-A-G和C-G-G单倍型可能为精神分裂症的遗传风险单倍型.     

Association of the estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with osteoporosis in the Mexican population

The estrogen receptor gene (ER alpha) has been implicated in the development of osteoporosis. In this study, the association of two ER alpha gene polymorphic markers (a TA dinucleotide repeat and a single nucleotide polymorphism, G2014A) with osteoporosis was tested in 70 osteoporotic women, 70 non-osteoporotic women and 500 subjects from the Mexican population. According to the genetic analysis of the Mexican population using eight unlinked polymorphic markers, we found that our population is structured into three subpopulations; therefore, the allele-phenotype relationship was analyzed with a statistical method that considered population stratification. We found that the G2014A polymorphism is associated with the presence of osteoporosis while the TA dinucleotide repeat is not. The G allele and the GG genotype frequencies of the G2014A marker were significantly higher in osteoporotic than in non-osteoporotic women. Likewise, subjects bearing the G allele in heterozygous or homozygous displayed lower values for lumbar bone mineral density and T score than those who did not present any G allele. The effect of confounders for osteoporosis on the association of G allele-osteoporosis was ruled out. In summary, we conclude that the G2014 polymorphism may become a useful marker for genetic studies of osteoporosis in the Mexican population.     

Association between polymorphisms in the progesterone receptor gene and endometriosis

The progesterone receptor (PR) is a candidate gene for the development of endometriosis, a complex disease with strong hormonal features, common in women of reproductive age. We typed the 306 base pair Alu insertion (AluIns) polymorphism in intron G of PR in 101 individuals, estimated linkage disequilibrium (LD) between five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the PR locus in 980 Australian triads (endometriosis case and two parents) and used transmission disequilibrium testing (TDT) for association with endometriosis. The five SNPs showed strong pairwise LD, and the AluIns was highly correlated with proximal SNPs rs1042839 (delta2 = 0.877, D9 = 1.00, P < 0.0001) and rs500760 (delta2 = 0.438, D9 = 0.942, P < 0.0001). TDT showed weak evidence of allelic association between endometriosis and rs500760 (P = 0.027) but not in the expected direction. We identified a common susceptibility haplotype GGGCA across the five SNPs (P = 0.0167) in the whole sample, but likelihood ratio testing of haplotype transmission and non-transmission of the AluIns and flanking SNPs showed no significant pattern. Further, analysis of our results pooled with those from two previous studies suggested that neither the T2 allele of the AluIns nor the T1/T2 genotype was associated with endometriosis.     

雌激素受体β基因RsaⅠ和AluⅠ多态性与原因不明月经过少的关系

目的探讨西南地区雌激素受体β(estrogen receptorβ,ERβ)基因多态性与原因不明月经过少的关系。方法用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法,对西南地区100例原因不明月经过少患者和100名月经正常者ERβ基因RsaⅠ和AluⅠ多态性进行分析。结果R等位基因频率患者组为37.5%,正常对照组为48.5%(比值比值:0.64,95%CI:0.42~0.97,P=0.026)。患者组A等位基因频率为18.0%,正常对照组为11.5%(比值比值:1.69,95%CI:0.93~3.09,P=0.07);RsaⅠ和AluⅠ限制性片段长度多态性在两组中均呈多态性分布。结论ERβ基因多态性与原因不明月经过少有关,R等位基因可能是其保护因素,A等位基因可能是其危险因素。     

雌激素受体β基因Rsa I和A／uI多态性与原因不明月经过少的关系

目的探讨西南地区雌激素受体β（estrogen receptor β，ERβ）基因多态性与原因不明月经过少的关系。方法用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法，对西南地区100例原因不明月经过少患者和100名月经正常者ERβ基因RsaI和AluI多态性进行分析。结果R等位基因频率患者组为37．5％，正常对照组为48．5％（比值比值：0．64，95％CI：0．42～0．97，P=0．026）。患者组A等位基因频率为18．0％，正常对照组为11．5％（比值比值：1．69，95％CI：0．93～3．09，P=0．07）；RsaI和A／uI限制性片段长度多态性在两组中均呈多态性分布。结论ERβ基因多态性与原因不明月经过少有关，R等位基因可能是其保护因素，A等位基因可能是其危险因素。