先天性胆囊缺如1例

患者女，44岁。2002年8月15日入院。1年来进油腻食物后反复发作上腹部感胀痛不适，伴腰背部疼痛，近3个月来患者出现上腹部胀痛、黄疸，全身皮肤瘙痒、大便陶土样改变，无寒战、高热，及肝炎史。曾查B超提示：胆囊萎缩，胆囊结石。体查：皮肤、巩膜黄染，腹平软，无明显压痛，未叩及包块。     

先天性胆囊缺如1例

患者女性 ,5 9岁 ,农民。因左上腹包块伴疼痛 2月于2 0 0 0年 11月 2 9日入院。既往体弱 ,饮食量少 ,无黄疸病史。查体 :T3 6.8℃ ,身高 14 2 cm,体重 2 9kg,发育欠佳 ,营养不良。皮肤巩膜无黄疸。心肺阴性。腹软 ,左上腹局部扪及 - 6cm× 5 .0 cm× 3 .5 cm质硬包块 ,边界延续至肋弓内 ,不活动 ,轻度压痛 ,腹水征阴性。 B超示肝左外叶 5 .9cm× 5 .0cm实质性占位 ,边界欠清。胆总管内径 0 .7cm,肝内外未见确切的胆囊影像。彩超示肝左外叶包块有丰富的血流信号。肝功能 :血清总胆红素、转氨酶均正常。总蛋白 66.1g/L,白蛋白 2 6.2 g/L,AF…     

先天性胆囊缺如2例报告

例1 男性,59岁.主因反复右上腹疼痛3年伴发热、皮肤黄染3 d入院.B超提示胆囊结石充满型、胆管扩张、胆总管结石,遂行手术治疗.术中发现胆总管壁薄裸露且扩张约1.5 cm,胆总管内结石2枚直径分别为1.2 cm、0.8 cm.肝下未见胆囊,反复寻找左右肝下、肝上、腹膜后、小网膜、肝镰状韧带内等处均未发现胆囊.     

先天性胆囊缺如诊治教训分析

先天性胆囊缺如极为罕见〔1〕,尤为值得注意的是 :该病往往是在行胆囊切除术时才发现并确诊 ,术中极易因缺乏对本病的认识 ,一味解剖胆管 ,寻找胆囊致使胆道损伤。本文报道我院经手术证实 2例先天性胆囊缺如 ,由于术前辅助检查提供错误信息 ,术中手术医师极力寻找胆囊 ,致胆道损伤 ,同时复习国外文献 ,对先天性胆囊缺如的分类及临床诊断方法进行总结。临床资料病例 1 :男性 ,67岁。住院号 :2 783 93。以“慢性结石性胆囊炎”在当地医院行“胆囊切除术”,术中因未寻找到胆囊 ,仅行剖腹探查术。两个月后病人再次以“发作性右上腹痛伴发热、巩…     

先天性胆囊缺如四例报告

检索我院1983年至2002年4月间拟诊“胆囊炎、胆囊结石”而行手术治疗的病例，共检索到胆囊切除术(包括腹腔镜胆囊切除术)病例5726例，其中4例术后诊断为先天性胆囊缺如，占0．07％．     

先天性胆囊缺如1例报告

患者 ,男 ,2 7岁。 2 0 0 2年 9月 1 1日因右上腹隐痛 ,以胆囊炎、胆囊结石、胆汁返流性胃炎收入院。经抗炎利胆等保守治疗 ,疗效不显转入本院普外科。 2 0 0 2年 1 0月 1日 ,在气管内麻醉下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。术中未见胆囊 ,经反复探查胆总管、肝总管、左右肝管及周围脏器 ,均未见胆囊。遂行开腹探查术 ,沿相关脏器寻找 ,并认真扪摸左、右半肝仍无胆囊。术后腹部CT扫描示腹部未发现胆囊。最后诊断为先天性胆囊缺如、胆汁返流性胃炎。讨　论　先天性胆囊缺如罕见。胆囊发生属原始消化管的前肠上皮 ,通常在第 5周发育成形。本例可能在此期…     

先天性胆囊缺如的诊断与治疗

先天性胆囊缺如(congenital absence of gallbladder,CAGB)是一种极其罕见的先天性胆道畸形,国外报道发病率为0.010%~0.065%[1-2],国内为0.032%~0.070%[3-4]。自1701年Lemery首次报道了CAGB[1-2,5],至今,全世界已报道了400例[6],主要是病例报告,并没有形成规范的诊断和治疗方法[7]。临床易误诊而导致不必要的手术,在寻找胆囊的过程中易致胆管损伤。本文就国内、外对CAGB的病因、发病机制、诊断和治疗的现状进行讨论。     

先天性胆囊缺如一例

患者,女,45岁,主因间断性上腹部疼痛半年入院,入院前10d外院行超声诊断为胆囊结石、胆囊炎。我院超声报道：胆囊液性暗区消失,腔内可见1长约4cm的强回声,后伴宽大声影,壁粗糙不齐。肝内外胆管无扩张,管腔内未见异常。诊断为胆囊结石、胆囊炎。入院查体腹部无阳性体征,其他常规检查未见异常。择期拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术中脐部插入腹腔镜,探查正常胆囊解剖部位未见胆囊,肝脏面光滑平整,无粘连及纤维条索向胆总管延伸。     

先天性胆囊缺如及手术并发症1例

患者 ,女 ,5 9岁 ,农民。因间断性右上腹疼痛 3个月 ,加重 ,伴皮肤、巩膜黄染 2ｄ于 2 0 0 1年 4月 15日入院。查体 :Ｔ37.1℃ ,Ｐ 86次 /ｍｉｎ ,Ｒ 2 3次 /ｍｉｎ ,ＢＰ 17.0 / 9.0ｋＰａ,急性病容 ,全身皮肤及巩膜中度黄染 ,腹平坦 ,右上腹肌轻度紧张 ,右上腹肋缘下压痛 ,无反跳痛 ,未触及包块 ,莫菲氏征阴性 ,肝区叩击痛 ,移动性浊音阴性 ,肠鸣音正常。Ｂ超示 :胆总管上段及肝内胆管明显扩张 ,胆总管下段可探及一强回声光团 ,胆囊显示不清 ,化验血常规 :ＷＢＣ 16 .7× 10 9/Ｌ、Ｎ 0 .81、Ｌ0 .19。总胆红素 4 7.96 μｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,直接…     

Agenesis of the gallbladder in adults: a laparoscopic diagnosis

Summary. Failure to find the gallbladder at the usual or most common atypical sites during surgery for cholecystolithiasis is a rare but known problem. Although ultrasonography has 95 % sensitivity for the diagnosis of cholelithiasis, occasionally a small contracted gallbladder with stones and chronic cholecystitis will be difficult to visualize and can lead to erroneous interpretation. We report on the case of a patient presenting with abdominal colic and ultrasonographically confirmed cholecystolithiasis. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the gallbladder could not be detected. After laparoscopic staging followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and abdominal computed tomography, agenesis of the gallbladder was confirmed. This method can be considered for diagnosis of gallbladder agenesis without the need for laparotomy and thorough exploration.      

Agenesis of the gallbladder—A case report—

Agenesis of the gallbladder, which is an extremely rare anomaly, may present with biliary symptoms but is virtually impossible to diagnose by such conventional investigations as oral cholecystogram or ultrasonography. We report herein a case of a young man presenting with episodic epigastric pain on whom an ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallstones was made. A gallbladder was not visualized on oral cholecystogram, however, he was subsequently found to have agenesis of the gallbladder, the diagnosis of which was confirmed by intra-operative cholangiography and a postoperative N-2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyle methyl iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA scan). His symptoms responded to antiulcer treatment with upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings suggestive of oesophagitis and duodenitis.     

Giant gallbladder: A case report and review of literature

INTRODUCTION

Reports of a giant gallbladder are rare.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 77-year-old woman was admitted with complaints of dull pain in the right half of the abdomen and a palpable mass at the same place. A computerized tomography scan revealed an extremely enlarged gallbladder. Open cholecystectomy was performed. The volume of the removed organ was as much as 3.35 L.Follow-up after 18 months showed that the patient was well. Examination revealed no significant acquired or congenital anomalies that might explain the excessive enlargement of the gallbladder.

DISCUSSION

We define a ‘giant’ gallbladder as an extreme enlargement of the organ with a volume exceeding 1.5 L, so that its weight is comparable to or even exceeds the mean (estimated) weight of the adult liver (1.5 kg). The first clinical presentation of such an enlargement is likely to differ from any other gallbladder disease, but rather to resemble a tumour or cyst of the abdominal cavity.

CONCLUSION

A giant gallbladder is a special clinical and pathological entity in surgical practice, of unknown origin. It may develop in patients of any age, and mimics a large abdominal tumour or peritoneal cyst. Both the diagnostic process and surgical treatment demand non-routine approaches. Early and late follow-up results seem to be favourable.     

Laparoscopic management of gallbladder duplication: a case report and review of literature.

Gallbladder duplication is an unusual congenital biliary anomaly, and its laparoscopic management has rarely been described. This is a report of a gallbladder duplication successfully treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Previous cases are summarized, and recommendations for optimal laparoscopic management are presented.     

Successful laparoscopic management of duplicate gallbladder: A case report and review of literature

IntroductionGallbladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. Recognition of this anomaly and its various types is important since it can complicate a simple hepatobiliary surgical procedure.Presentation of caseWe report a case of a 42 year old female who presented a 6 year history of intermittent right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Her basic blood investigations including liver function tests were normal. Pre-operative imaging revealed a cystic lesion communicating with biliary tree representing duplicated gallbladder. She subsequently underwent successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The operative challenges were more than those anticipated at the usual laparoscopic gallbladder procedures. After six months follow up the patient remained asymptomatic.DiscussionPreoperative diagnosis plays a crucial role in planning surgery, and preventing possible biliary injuries or re-operation if accessory gallbladder has been overlooked during initial surgery. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the imaging modality of choice for suspected duplicate gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for duplicate gallbladder is a challenging operation and should be performed with meticulous dissection of the cysto-hepatic triangle.ConclusionGallbladder anomalies should be anticipated in the presence of a cystic lesion reported around the gallbladder. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains feasible for intervention and should be done by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon.     

Gallbladder lymphangioma: a case report and review of the literature

Lymphangiomas are benign neoplasms usually occurring in childhood and located in the head and neck. Intraabdominal lymphangiomas account for less than 5% of cases. The involvement of the gallbladder is rare. We report a case of a 29-year-old woman who presented with right upper quadrant pain that had persisted for 6 months. Imaging with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a multiseptated lesion surrounding the gallbladder. The patient underwent an exploratory laporatomy, and the mass was resected en bloc with the gallbladder. Histological evaluation of the cystic mass revealed findings consistent with lymphangioma. The prognosis is generally good after complete surgical excision, as was the case for our patient.     

The diagnostic dilemma of a gallbladder volvulus: An unusual case report and review of the literature

Introduction and importanceA gallbladder volvulus is a rare medical condition requiring emergency surgery. There are 500 cases reported in the literature, and only 10 % have ever been diagnosed preoperatively. Gallbladder volvulus occurs when the gallbladder torts around the cystic duct and cystic artery resulting in occlusion of both structures and consequently, ischemia of the gallbladder. The diagnosis is challenging because the symptoms mimic cholecystitis without distinct radiological features specific for a volvulus.Case presentationIn this article, we report the case of a 77-year-old female who underwent ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and cholescintigraphy, which all reported features of cholecystitis. She underwent a cholecystectomy on admission day 5 because of refractory pain despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Intraoperatively, she was discovered to have complete gallbladder torsion with gangrene. Post-operatively, she had immediate and complete resolution of pain, and made a rapid recovery.Clinical discussionWe review the available literature to determine radiological characteristics specific to a gallbladder volvulus. Patients without cholelithiasis and incomplete filling of the gallbladder in a nuclear medicine scan should be evaluated for gallbladder volvulus.ConclusionThrough this report, we suggest a high index of suspicion for gallbladder volvulus in elderly female patients with signs and symptoms of acalculous cholecystitis that have no resolution in symptoms with conservative management.     

Isolated Agenesis of the Gallbladder: Report of a Case

We report the rare case of an isolated gallbladder with cystic duct agenesis that was misdiagnosed as acute alithiasic cholecystitis. We underline the inaccuracy of currently used diagnostic tests and the importance of making a correct preoperative diagnosis to avoid a needless surgical procedure. Based on the rare and incidental nature of this congenital anomaly, we discourage an extensive routine diagnostic workup, but rather, suggest a careful clinical and diagnostic evaluation of the patient who has symptoms suggestive of biliary tract disease. We conclude that in patients with gallbladder and cystic duct agenesis surgery might be useless and risky when performed by the laparoscopic approach. On the other hand, the awareness of the laparoscopic surgeon of the problems posed by this anomaly and a careful review of currently available diagnostic tests can prevent unnecessary laparotomy and minimize the risk of complications. Received: June 5, 2000 / Accepted: May 15, 2001