免岩冲剂抗Ames实验的研究

目的:对免岩冲剂的抗突变作用进行研究。方法:按卫生部修改的方法进行沙门氏菌/微粒体致突变性试验。结果:在免岩冲剂抑制4 氨基喹啉 N 氧化物(NQNO)对菌株TA10 0的致突变作用的检测中,免岩冲剂剂量在0 5～5 0(g/皿)时,TA10 0的相对回变菌落分别为5 5 4±4 5个/皿、4 2 8±30个/皿和4 2 8±2 8个/皿,与阳性对照934±110个/皿相比,分别差异有显著性(P <0 0 1) ;相对回变菌落抑制率分别为4 7 70 %、6 3 2 0 %和6 3 2 5 % ,提示免岩冲剂具有抑制终致突变4 氨基喹啉N 氧化物(NQNO)对菌株TA10 0的致突变作用。结论:免岩冲剂在体外具有抗突变作用。     

染发剂的致突变性研究

为进一步探讨长期使用染发剂对人体健康的危害,对78种染发剂进行了Ames试验检测。结果表明,其阳性检出率为7.7%,均为氧化型染发剂。染发剂主要对TA98菌株在代谢活化作用下产生致突变性,引起致突变性的剂量范围在2.5～5.0mg/皿之间,而对于TA97、TA100和TA102菌株无论直接作用和代谢活化后作用均未呈现致突变性。     

金丝枣枣浆抗突变作用实验研究

[目的 ]研究金丝枣枣浆的抗突变作用。 [方法 ]修改的小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、修改的小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验、修改的Ames实验。 [结果 ]金丝枣枣浆对环磷酰胺诱发小鼠骨髓细胞微核没有明显的抑制作用 ,对丝裂霉素C诱发小鼠睾丸染色体畸变没有明显的抑制作用 ,对阳性致突变物诱发TA98和TA10 0突变没有明显的抑制作用。 [结论 ]在本次实验条件下 ,金丝枣枣浆未显示有抗突变作用     

人参根总皂甙与人参根乙醇提取物的致突变作用及抗突变效应的研究

对人参根总皂甙及人参根乙醇提取物进行了致突试验与抗突变效应的研究。结果表明二者在活化与非活活化情况下均无致突变作用,且都有明显的抗突变效应。     

染发剂的致突变性结果分析

对 35 8份染发剂的Ames试验结果分析表明 ,进口产品阳性检出率 (2 5 6 % )略高于国产产品(2 2 7% ) ,而且染发剂中大部分为氧化型染发剂 ,其阳性检出率 (2 6 0 % )明显高于其它类型的染发剂。染发剂主要对TA98菌株在体外代谢活化条件下呈现致突变性 ,其引起致突变的剂量大致集中于 0 2 5～ 5 0mg 皿的范围     

营养

松茸提取物体外抑制染发剂致突变作用；半叶马尾藻多糖体内抗肿瘤作用及其机制探讨；加州杏仁奶对肿瘤患者抗氧化能力及脂质过氧化的影响；灵芝粉抗肿瘤及提高机体免疫力作用的研究；河蚬糖蛋白对人肝癌细胞凋亡的影响；强化狡氨酸面粉对人群营养及免疫功能影响的研究。[编者按]     

贵州桐梓方竹笋提取液抗突变作用的试验

目的研究贵州桐梓方竹笋抗突变作用,为更好利用方竹笋提供科学依据。方法采用方竹笋提取液进行小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验及Ames试验,观察方竹笋对体内真核细胞、生殖细胞试验及体外原核试验的抗突变作用。结果方竹笋提取液低、中、高3个剂量组的微核率和精子畸形率均低于阳性对照环磷酰胺组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),微核抑制率分别为44.41%、45.39%和54.28%;精子畸形抑制率分别为31.74%、46.58%和74.66%;Ames试验采用A、B两种方法进行,结果显示,在加S9活化系统的条件下,A(受试物直接灭活致突变物)、B(受试物间接灭活致突变物)两种方法方竹笋液均能抑制由二乙酰氨基芴(2-AAF)所引起的TA98、TA100的回变菌落数增加,当剂量为20 mg/皿时抑制率均达到93.29%以上,并呈现剂量-反应关系。在不加S9的条件下,方法 A方竹笋液可一定程度的直接灭活致突变物敌克松(Dexon)和甲基甲烷磺酸酯(MMS)引起的回变菌落数的增加,20 mg/皿时抑制率分别为31.75%、40.37%。结论方竹笋具有一定的抗突变作用。     

苦瓜水提取物对诱变剂致突变拮抗作用

目的 探讨苦瓜水提取物的抗突变作用.方法 应用彗星实验及Ames实验对苦瓜水提取物进行抗突变研究.结果 彗星试验2.5,5.0,10.0g/(kg·bw)3个剂量组与阳性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),减少环磷酰胺(CP)引起的细胞DNA损伤;Ames试验5 000,1 667,556μg/皿3个剂量组在+/-S9的条件下,均能不同程度地抑制二氨基芴(2-AF)、敌克松(Dexon)引起的TA98、TA100回变菌落数的增加.结论 在本实验条件下,苦瓜水提取物具有明显的抗突变作用.     

染发剂致突变性实验研究

为探讨长期使用染发剂对人体的危害 ,对某品牌国产染发剂进行了致突变作用实验研究。Ames活化平板掺入法显示 :该染发剂能使TA98的回变菌落数增加 ,并呈剂量 反应关系 ;人体外周血淋巴细胞染色体及微核实验结果表明 ,该染发剂各实验剂量组均不能引起染色体畸变率及微核率的增加 ;家兔经皮染毒6个月 ,骨髓淋巴细胞微核检测发现 ,该染发剂能使家兔骨髓淋巴细胞微核发生率增加 ;家兔经皮染毒 6个月 ,细胞周期分析发现 :家兔肝、脾、淋巴结三种组织除了正常二倍体细胞群外 ,还有一组异倍体细胞群。结果证实了以前一些关于染发剂致突变作用研究的结论 ,并为以后的研究提供了新的线索     

类黄酮和维生素的抗突变研究

目的 :　比较类黄酮、维生素和咖啡碱等对不同致突变物的抗突变活性特征、作用及影响。方法 :　用改进型的 Ames试验方法、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 (Salmonella tyhimurim)的变异种 TA系列菌株、直接致突变物的 1 -硝基芘 (1 -NP)和间接致突变物的色氨酸热解产物 (Trp-P-1 )对测试物进行抗突变效果的比较。结果 :　植物性食物中富含的黄烷醇 (儿茶素 )类、黄酮醇类、酚酸类对Trp-P-1比 1 -NP的抗突变活性高 ;维生素 C、B族和 A对 1 -NP的抗突变性高于类黄酮物质 ,而对Trp-P-1的抗突变性则较低 ,但均有抗突变的剂量效应关系 ;咖啡碱与儿茶素合并使用时对 Trp-P-1的致突变有拮抗现象作用。结论 :　类黄酮对抗突变有较好的作用 ;维生素有辅助和互补作用 ;而咖啡碱的抗突变性不明显     

Absence of mutagenic response to radiation from a video display terminal

The standard Ames Salmonella test (TA 100) was used to detect the mutagenicity of radiation from a video display terminal. The Ames test is a sensitive assay that detects the ability of a chemical to damage deoxyribonucleic acid. It has also been employed to detect the mutagenicity of electromagnetic radiation. An extremely short distance (62 mm) from a video display terminal and an extremely high electrostatic field strength (250 kv/m) was employed. No mutagenic response was found in this test system.     

无铅汽油新型添加剂甲基叔丁基醚的致突变性研究

目的；研究甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）的致突变性及遗传毒性。方法：采用Ames试验检测MTBE的遗传毒性，并用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测国产MTBE大鼠经口亚慢性染毒后血液有核细胞的DNA的损伤状况。结果：Ames试验（TA98和TA100菌株）中，在加与不加S9的情况下，MTBE均未表现出明显的致突变性。染毒大鼠血液有核细胞DNA的断裂损伤也较对照组未见统计学差异。结论：本研究结果未发现MTBE对受试系统有致突变性。     

Mutagenicity of rice-straw and -husk ashes by Ames test]

In the rice-producing district of Japan, environmental pollution by smoke from burnt rice straws has become a matter of concern. The mutagenicity of fly- and bottom-ashes of rice-straw and -husk was assayed by the Ames test, TA100 +/- S9 and TA98 +/- S9, and the relationship of combustion temperature to mutagenicity was investigated. Fly ash showed weak mutagenicity at 300 degrees C, with no remarkable change in mutagenic activity between 300 degrees C and 500 degrees C. Above 500 degrees C the mutagenic activity increased with a rise of temperature. The increasing rate of mutagenicity was much higher in the test system with S9 mix than that without S9. Moreover, the mutagenicity with TA100 was stronger than with TA98. With respect to bottom ash, weak mutagenic activity was observed at 300 degrees C, but at 400 degrees C decreased and at 500 degrees C or above could not be observed. Fly ash derived from burning 1 g of rice straw at 600 degrees C showed about 14 times and 2.5 times higher mutagenicity than main stream smoke condensates from the burning of 1 g of cigarette in TA100 + S9 and TA98 + S9 test systems respectively.     

Monitoring exposure of hospital personnel handling cytostatic drugs and contaminated materials

A study was undertaken to evaluate the urine mutagenicity of 63 individuals working in four hospital departments. The exposed group included 38 subjects who were exposed to various cytostatic drugs and/or contaminated material from treated patients. The control group included 25 individuals of the hospital personnel. Urine mutagenicity was monitored by the Ames test using tester strains TA 98 + S9 Mix and TA 102 — S9 Mix. Urine samples were collected before and after the working periods. A total of 29/116 (25%) urine samples were mutagenic for either strain. Among the mutagenic samples, 24/29 were mutagenic for tester strain TA 98 exclusively. No significant correlation could be found between occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs and urine mutagenicity evaluated by the strain TA 98 + S9 Mix. Smoking was the main environmental factor that modulated urine mutagenicity with TA 98. Three subjects in the exposed group had mutagenic urine samples at the end of the working period with strain TA 102 — S9 Mix. This mutagenicity was related to occupational exposure to cisplatin. In the control group, one individual had mutagenic samples before and after the working period. Assessing occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs with strain TA 102 requires additional studies to determine environmental mutagens which can be detected by this strain.     

上海市饮水重要污染源有机致突变性的动态研究

用Ａｍｅｓ试验方法对上海市自来水及黄浦江各支流有机致突变性的动态研究结果表明，该市饮水中有机浓集物的水样比活性平均为１６２Ｒｅｖ／Ｌ（就ＴＡ９８菌株而言）。黄浦江四大支流致突变活性占自来水总活性的７４％，是该市饮水致突变活性的主要来源。特别是四支流之一的虹口港水，其流量比活性约占各支流总活性的１／３，但１９９２～１９９４年间呈逐年下降趋势。本文还分析了富氧、腐植酸等因素对虹口港支流致突变活性的影响。     

Validity of mutagenic activity as an indicator of river water pollution

Objectives To investigate if mutagenicity could be expressed by known water pollution indicators, we determined the mutagenic activity of blue rayon extracts from sampled river water with the Ames test utilizing new strains of bacteria, and compared the results with those of known indicators of water pollution. Methods Water samples were collected by the blue rayon adsorption method at sixteen sites in six rivers in the North Kyushu district. The Assay of mutagenicity was carried out using the Ames test. The test strains wereSalmonella typhimurium TA100, YG1024, YG1041 and YG1042. B(a)P, Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 were quantified by HPLC. Determinations of SS, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, DOC, and A₂₆₀/DOC were performed. Results The extracts from five sampling sites showed higher mutagenicity toward strain YG1024 with or without S9mix, and the extracts from two of these five sites showed higher mutagenicity toward strain YG1041 with and without S9mix. However, the water pollution indicators did not show specific trends that were consistent with the mutagenic activity. Conclusions Since the mutagenic activity of river water could not be predicted using known water pollution indicators, we recommend that biological examinations such as mutagenicity tests be added to the indicators that are currently in use.     

氯化粪水有机致突变组分的分离

目的：探讨实验室模拟条件下氯化粪水有机浓集物致突变组分的分离。方法：采用Ames试验与硅胶柱分离技术相结合，将采集的粪水经大孔树脂XAD-2／8混合柱吸附，用乙酸乙酯和甲醇进行洗脱，洗脱浓集物用丙酮溶解分别置于大孔硅胶层析柱上过柱，然后用石油醚、二氯甲烷、丙酮、甲醇和水依次对层析柱作径向淋洗展开。用Ames试验对各淋洗液浓集物进行致突变性检测。结果：粪水氯化后有机浓集物呈现强致突变性，乙酸乙酯洗脱浓集液(EA)残渣量和比活性高于甲醇洗脱浓缩液(M)。用该程序分离的EA和M的主要活性组分都集中于二氯甲烷和丙酮两个部分，其残渣回收率分别高达96％、100％，重量比活性分别提高了4．06、15.27倍(TA98菌株)和2．85、5．29倍(TA100菌株)。结论：该分离程序是有效的。     

武汉易家墩地区污水养鱼场鱼体底泥及水中有机致突变物的测定

本文研究武汉易家墩地区利用工业及生活污水养殖,非挥发性有机致突变物在塘水,鱼体组织及底泥中的存在状况及相互关系。结果显示鱼塘水受到污水的严重污染,水样(经换算后体积)100m1/皿即对TA98、TA100菌株具有致突变性,鱼样(经换算后重量)0.1g/皿时就表现为阳性,提示水中有机致突变物可通过食物链危害人体健康。鱼塘底泥在本实验中未显阳性结果。     

长效核黄素注射液的致突变性研究

长效核黄素注射液的主要成分是核黄素月桂酸酯。本研究用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验检测了长效核黄素注射液的致突变性。结果表明长效核黄素注射液对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株在加和不加S_9时均无致诱变活性,对小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生率和小鼠畸形精子发生率均无影响。     

对二氯苯致突变性的实验研究

目的　研究对二氯苯的致突变性。方法　Ames试验用TA97、TA98、TA10 0和TA10 2菌株 ,加与不加S 9试验 (剂量设为 0 2 5、0 5、1 0、2 0、5 0mg/皿 ) ;小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验 (剂量设为 10 0、2 0 0、40 0、80 0mg/kg)和小鼠睾丸细胞染色体畸变试验 (剂量设为 2 5 0、5 0 0、10 0 0mg/kg)。结果　Ames试验中各测试浓度的回变菌落数均未超过自然回变菌落数 2倍 ;小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸细胞染色体畸变试验 ,各剂量组和阴性对照组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　该试验范围内 ,未见对二氯苯有致突变性。