抗旋股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子周围骨折的疗效

目的 探讨抗旋股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年股骨转子周围骨折的临床疗效.方法 2007年3月至2012年3月采用PFNA治疗老年股骨转子周围骨折87例,其中转子间骨折80例,转子下骨折6例;转子间合并转子下骨折1例.结果 平均手术时间65 min,平均失血量为150ml.2例术中发生主钉远端股骨干一侧皮质劈裂.随访8～60个月,2例死于非手术相关性疾病,1例因合并疾病长时间卧床,1例术后股骨干骨折.其余83例中73例患肢基本恢复到伤前功能,9例因合并疾病患肢功能较伤前减退,1例术后6个月发生脑梗死.所有患者均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为10 w.根据Harris髋关节功能评分,总优良率90.4％.结论 PFNA治疗老年股骨转子周围骨折疗效满意,尤其适合老年骨质疏松患者.     

可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉与PFN治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的比较分析

目的比较可膨胀股骨近端髓内钉（Fixion PF）与股骨近端髓内钉（proximalfemoral nail，PFN）治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。方法自2005年3月～2006年9月用PFN与Fixion PF治疗老年股骨转子间骨折48例，其中PFN治疗组27例，Fixion PF钉组21例。比较项目包括手术时间、出血量、术中X线照射时间、并发症以及功能恢复情况。结果所有病例均获得随访，平均随访9个月（3～22个月），骨折均愈合。Fixion PF组平均手术时间和手术切口长度小于PFN组（P〈0．05），术中X线透视次数、出血和引流量、离床和弃拐时间、骨愈合时间及Harris髋关节功能评分两组差昴元统计学意义。结论PFN与Fixion PF治疗老年股骨转子间骨折均有较好疗效，但Fixion PF钉固定后的应力分布均匀，远端不需锁定，近端加用股骨头栓钉能增加股骨头松质骨密度和固定强度，增加抗旋转能力，较适合于老年骨质疏松性股骨近端骨折的治疗，但对严重骨质疏松者慎用。     

PFN、PFNA内固定术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效对比观察

目的比较股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）与防旋股骨近端髓内钉（PFNA）内固定术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果。方法老年股骨转子间骨折107例,均行切开复位内固定术。52例术中采用PFN内固定（PFN组）,55例术中采用PFNA内固定（PFNA组）。结果 PFN组术中失血量为（269.0±123.9）m l,X线透视时间为（3.43±1.18）h;PFNA组分别为（219.5±107.5）m l、（2.97±1.14）h（P均〈0.05）。术后随访8~38个月,所有患者骨折愈合。PFN组Sanders评分总优良率为90.4%,与PFNA组的90.9%相比,P〉0.05。PFN组1例发生防旋钉退出,1例发生髋螺钉切割,继而发生髋内翻畸形。PFNA组未发生螺钉切割或髋内翻等并发症。两组均未发生内固定断裂、骨不连、股骨远端骨折及＂Z＂效应等并发症。结论 PFN和PFNA内固定术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效均较好。PFNA内固定创伤较PFN小,手术并发症少,更适合老年骨质疏松患者。     

DHS、PFN内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效及并发症比较

目的比较动力髋螺钉（DHS）和股骨近端带锁髓内钉（PFN）内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效和并发症发生情况。方法将78例股骨转子间骨折患者按内固定方式分为DHS组和PFN组。术后定期随访,观察有无股骨头切割、内固定松动,比较骨折愈合时间、双侧颈干角、术后8个月双下肢长度。结果股骨头切割、内固定松动发生率和骨折愈合时间两组相比,P均〉0.05。PFN组患者髋内翻发生率和肢体短缩程度低于DHS组,P均〈0.05。结论与DHS内固定相比,PFN内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折并发症少,疗效类似。     

内固定与髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后死亡的影响因素

目的分析老年股骨转子间骨折患者内固定与髋关节置换术后死亡的影响因素。方法回顾性分析法接受内固定与髋关节置换术治疗的100例老年股骨转子间骨折患者临床资料,调出患者病历档案,设计老年股骨转子间骨折患者一般情况调查问卷,仔细阅览患者病例资料,详细记录相关情况,将术后随访1年死亡的患者作为死亡组,其他患者纳为存活组,将可能的影响因素纳入,经单因素分析找出可能的因素,并纳入多因素分析中检验,找出最终的影响因素。结果 100例老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后随访1年,死亡15例,死亡率为15.00%;存活85例,存活率为85.00%。将术后1年是否死亡作为因变量,单因素分析检验证实的可能影响因素作为自变量,进行非条件多项Logistic回归分析检验发现,高龄、骨折前活动能力不佳、肺部感染、合并多种内科疾病、不稳定性骨折均可能是老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后死亡的危险因素(OR1,P0.05)。结论高龄、骨折前活动能力不佳、肺部感染、合并多种内科疾病、不稳定性骨折可能会增加老年股骨转子间骨折患者内固定与髋关节置换术后死亡风险,这类患者应引起临床重视,给予其针对性干预措施,以降低死亡风险,改善患者预后。     

老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定失败的影响因素剖析

目的分析老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定失败的影响因素,为治疗该病症提供依据。方法回顾性分析2014年3月—2016年10月在中国人民解放军63680部队医院骨科收治的83例老年股骨转子间骨折患者临床资料。骨折AO分型:稳定型骨折(AI.1型至A2.1型)48例,不稳定性骨折(A2.2型至A3.3型)35例。统计患者内固定失败的发生率、末次随访时髋关节Harris评分,采用Logistic回归分析影响内固定失败的危险因素。结果83例患者随访12~36个月(平均24.5个月)随访,在83例患者中,有9例出现内固定失败,发生率为10.84%。末次随访时Harris评分为65~95分,平均(84.36±2.38)分;优18例,良50例,可10例,差5例,优良率为81.92%。单因素分析结果显示,是否有骨质疏松、骨密度T值、骨折AO分型、是否合并内科病、TAD(尖顶距)、骨折复位质量等因素与老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定失败有关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,骨质疏松、骨密度T值<-2.5cm^3、尖顶距>25 mm、不稳定性骨折、合并内科疾病、骨折功能复位为内固定失败的独立危险因素(OR=8.356、3.838、3.880、7.583、8.198、4.816,P<0.05)。结论老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定失败受多种因素共同影响,临床上应根据这些危险因素制定出合理有效的解决方案。     

DHS、PFN内固定术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效对比观察

目的比较动力髋螺钉（DHS）及股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）内固定术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法 104例股骨转子间骨折患者随机分为DHS组和PFN组,各52例,分别采用DHS、PFN内固定术治疗。术后4、12个月随访,观察比较两组患肢功能、并发症发生情况、再手术率和病死率。结果 DHS组骨折平均愈合时间为4.8个月,PFN组为4.2个月,两组相比,P〈0.05。术后4个月时,DHS组髋关节活动度为32°±1.6°,患者满意度为84%,髋关节功能评分为（47.1±1.5）分,PFN组分别为34°±2.6°、87%、（50.3±2.1）分;术后12个月,DHS组分别为35°±2.1°、90%、（54.3±3.3）分,PFN组分别为42°±1.8°、96%、（56.2±1.4）分。DHS组发生5例并发症,PFN组发生3例并发症两组相比,P〈0.05。两组再手术率及病死率比较,P均〉0.05。结论对于老年股骨转子间骨折,PFN内固定术较DHS内固定术效果更好。     

几种内固定方法治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较

<正>股骨转子间骨折是老年人常见的骨折种类之一,尤其好发于存在严重骨质疏松的患者;此种骨折老年患者死亡率约为15%²0%〔1,2〕。目前常用的治疗方法是内固定术〔320%〔1,2〕。目前常用的治疗方法是内固定术〔3⁵〕。动力髋螺钉(DHS)、Gamma钉、股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFN)及股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)是临床常见的4种内固定方式,本研究比较以上4种方式治疗老年股骨转子间骨折患者的疗效。1资料与方法1.1一般资料2010年1月至2012年5月我院骨科168例股骨转子间骨折老年患者,分为DHS组、Gamma钉组、PFN组     

护理干预对高龄股骨转子间骨折应用防旋股骨近端髓内钉固定患者功能恢复及生活质量的影响

<正>老年人股骨转子间骨折发病率呈逐年上升趋势。防旋股骨近端髓内钉术(PFNA)凭借创伤小、操作简便、固定牢固、手术时间短、出血量少且愈合恢复较满意等优点成为治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的理想内固定方法〔1〕。本文旨在探讨护理干预对PFNA内固定治疗高龄老年患者股骨转子间骨折术后功能恢复及生活质量的影响。1资料与方法 1.1一般资料回顾性分析我校第二附属医院于2006年12月至2010年12月期间收治的股骨转子间骨折患者68例,其     

股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效观察

目的观察股骨近端髓内钉（PFN）内固定治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法58例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者于X线下闭合复位,用PFN行内固定。结果手术后随访6个月-2a,骨折均愈合,愈合时间8～20周。疗效优49例,良5例,可4例。结论PFN内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效良好。     

Incidental vertebral fractures on chest radiographs

BACKGROUND: Recognition of incidental vertebral fractures may be an important opportunity for identifying and treating osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess osteoporosis documentation rates in patients with vertebral fractures, and to define patient and hospitalization characteristics associated with osteoporosis management. DESIGN: Hospital and outpatient records were abstracted for patients with vertebral fractures on inpatient radiograph reports. The primary outcome of interest was discharge summary fracture documentation. Covariates associated with fracture documentation and treatment were examined with multivariate regression models. Secondary outcomes included osteoporosis documentation and management 6 months following discharge. PATIENTS: Women > or =50 years hospitalized at an academic medical center. RESULTS: Among 10,291 women with chest radiographs, 142 (1.4%) had vertebral fractures reported. Among patients with a reported fracture, 58 (41%) had their fracture noted in the findings section but not in the final impression. Only 23 (16%) discharge summaries documented a vertebral fracture. Factors associated with documentation of the fracture in the discharge summary included notation of the fracture in the impression section (odds ratio [OR] 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 13.1), tobacco use (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 12.2), discharge from a medical service (OR 7.6; 95% CI 0.9 to 66.2) and glucocorticoid use (OR 3.7; 95% CI 0.8 to 17.0). Only 36% of patients were using any osteoporosis medications at discharge. Fracture notation in the impression section was associated with fracture documentation in subsequent outpatient notes (OR 3.6, 95% CI 0.9 to 13.8). Discharge summary fracture documentation was associated with an increased likelihood of starting an osteoporosis medication by 6 months (OR 2.8; 95% CI 0.8 to 9.2). CONCLUSIONS: Incidental vertebral fractures from inpatient chest radiographs may represent a missed opportunity for osteoporosis management.     

Evaluation and management of osteoporosis following hospitalization for low-impact fracture

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of osteoporosis evaluation and management in postmenopausal women who present with low-impact (minimal trauma) fracture. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of patients admitted with a fracture in the absence of trauma or bone disease. Telephone follow-up survey was conducted at 12 months after discharge to collect information on physician visits, pharmacological therapies for osteoporosis, functional status, and subsequent fractures. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Postmenopausal women admitted to a hospital in St. Paul, Minnesota between June 1996 and December 1997 for low-impact fractures were identified. Low-impact fracture was defined as a fracture occurring spontaneously or from a fall no greater than standing height. Retrospective review of 301 patient medical records was conducted to obtain data on pre-admission risk factors for osteoporosis and/or fracture, and osteoporosis-related evaluation and management during the course of hospitalization. Follow-up 1 year after the incident fracture was obtained on 227 patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-seven women were included in the study. Osteoporosis was documented in the medical record in 26% (59/227) of the patients at hospital discharge. Within 12 months of hospital discharge, 9.6% (22/227) had a bone mineral density test, and 26.4% (60/227) were prescribed osteoporosis treatment. Of those who were prescribed osteoporosis treatment, 86.6% (52/60) remained on therapy for 1 year. Nineteen women suffered an additional fracture. Compared to women without a prior fracture, women with at least 1 fracture prior to admission were more likely to have osteoporosis diagnosed and to receive osteoporosis-related medications. CONCLUSION: Despite guidelines that recommend osteoporosis evaluation in adults experiencing a low-trauma fracture, we report that postmenopausal women hospitalized for low-impact fracture were not sufficiently evaluated or treated for osteoporosis during or after their hospital stay. There are substantial opportunities for improvement of care in this high-risk population to prevent subsequent fractures.     

Management of difficult osteoporosis

Osteoporosis and associated low-impact fractures are common. There is associated morbidity and mortality with low-impact fractures. It is critical to identify which patients would benefit from therapy. General treatment considerations are reviewed. Currently available treatment options are discussed. Certain patient populations pose challenges in the treatment of osteoporosis. An in-depth review of clinically challenging scenarios is presented: Treatment of patients with severe osteoporosis, Treatment of Premenopausal women with low bone density, Treatment of osteoporosis in patients with kidney disease, Treatment of Osteoporosis in patients on glucocorticoid therapy, Treatment of osteoporosis in patients with a fracture.     

金天格联合苯扎贝特对老年妇女冠心病合并骨质疏松骨代谢及血黏度的影响

目的 分析老年妇女冠心病与骨质疏松在骨代谢及血黏稠度的相关性,并探讨应用金天格联合苯扎贝特对其影响.方法 老年女性冠心病患者150例,其中冠心病合并骨质疏松者82例,单纯冠心病患者68例,另选取80例老年女性单纯骨质疏松患者.检测患者治疗前后骨密度(BMD)、骨代谢指标、血黏度相关指标及Oswestry功能障碍评分.结果 治疗后冠心病合并骨质疏松组Ca2+水平、血清骨钙素(OC)水平显著高于骨质疏松组和冠心病组,β-特殊序列(CTX)水平、血清骨硬化蛋白(SCL)水平显著低于骨质疏松组和冠心病组(P<0.05).治疗后冠心病合并骨质疏松组腰椎、股骨粗隆和股骨颈BMD水平显著高于骨质疏松组和冠心病组(P<0.05).治疗后,冠心病合并骨质疏松组血细胞比容、血浆比黏度、低切变率下全血黏度和高切变率下全血黏度水平明显低于骨质疏松组和冠心病组(P<0.05).治疗后,冠心病合并骨质疏松组Oswestry功能各项水平明显高于骨质疏松组和冠心病组(P<0.05).结论 老年妇女冠心病与骨质疏松有一定相关性,应用金天格联合苯扎贝特可有效治疗老年妇女冠心病合并骨质疏松,提高患者BMD并改善患者血黏度.     

Clinical evaluation of osteoporosis and fracture risk in postmenopausal women

For the advanced practice nurse, the goal of identifying postmenopausal women at risk for or diagnosed with osteoporosis is to prevent fractures. The first step to achieving this goal is to assess the patient's risk factors for fracture. The patient assessment, includes obtaining a medical history, performing a physical examination, and ordering a bone mineral density (BMD) test. A combined clinical picture is essential with regard to appropriate pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy decisions for individual patients. BMD diagnostic categories should not be relied on in the absence of important clinical risk factors when determining an osteoporosis treatment threshold for fracture protection. Advanced practice nurses with expertise in health promotion, disease prevention, and patient education are in a unique position to evaluate the risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients who present for care in primary care settings.     

Strontium ranelate: short- and long-term benefits for post-menopausal women with osteoporosis

Strontium ranelate is a bone-seeking element that has been assessed in post-menopausal osteoporosis in two large double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. This treatment is able to decrease the risk of vertebral fractures, by 41% over 3 yrs, and by 49% within the first year of treatment. This risk of non-vertebral fractures is decreased by 16% and, in patients at high risk for such a fracture, the risk of hip fracture is decreased by 36% over 3 yrs. Recent 5-yr data from these double-blind, placebo-controlled studies show that the anti-fracture efficacy is maintained over time. Treatment efficacy with strontium ranelate has been documented across a wide range of patient profiles: age, number of prevalent vertebral fractures, BMI, as well as family history of osteoporosis and addiction to smoking are not determinants of anti-fracture efficacy. During these clinical trials, safety was good. Its large spectrum of efficacy allows the use of strontium ranelate in the different subgroups of patients with post-menopausal osteoporosis.     

Pamidronate treatment improves bone mineral density in children with Menkes disease

Menkes disease is a severe multisystem disorder due to defective bioavailability and transport of copper at the cellular level. Deficient activity of lysyl oxidase, a copper-dependent enzyme, causes defective collagen cross-linking leading to osteoporosis and pathological fractures in these children. The objective of the study was to evaluate the changes in bone mineral density following pamidronate treatment in children with Menkes disease. The study design was an open observational study of three children with Menkes disease and significant osteoporosis with or without pathological fractures, all of whom received pamidronate treatment for 1 year. There were 34–55% and 16–36% increases in lumbar spine bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density, respectively, following 1 year of treatment with pamidronate. There were no further fractures in two of the three children treated. No adverse effects of pamidronate treatment were noted. Pamidronate treatment was associated with an increase in bone mineral density and may be an effective treatment modality for the management of osteoporosis in children with Menkes disease.     

Bone disorders in chronic liver disease

Osteomalacia rarely occurs in adult patients with chronic liver disease despite a low serum vitamin D level being reported in up to two-thirds of patients with cirrhosis. In contrast, osteoporosis, which increases the risk of vertebral fractures, occurs in 12%-55% of patients with cirrhosis. Although the prevalence is probably falling, as shown by a fall from 57%-26% in patients with biliary disease requiring liver transplantation over the last 2 decades, it still accounts for significant patient morbidity. Bone density also falls in the first 3 months after liver transplantation, and pretransplant fractures are predictive of posttransplant fractures. Many of the known risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis exist in the cirrhotic population, such as excess alcohol intake, steroid use, poor nutrition, and hypogonadism. There is also an increased risk of osteoporosis in patients without cirrhosis, particularly those with hemochromatosis and biliary disease. The diagnosis is made with bone density measurements. The effective treatment is largely based on evidence from postmenopausal osteoporosis as there have been only a few small clinical trials of patients with chronic liver disease. Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of treatment; they have been shown to be effective in biliary disease and are well tolerated.     

Pins and plaster aren't enough: a call for the evaluation and treatment of patients with osteoporotic fractures

A history of an osteoporotic fracture is a powerful predictor of future fractures. Older patients who sustain low trauma fractures are candidates for interventions that should include confirmation of the diagnosis of osteoporosis, adequate calcium and vitamin D administration, and use of an osteoporosis therapy that is proven to lower fracture risk. Recently, however, several reports in the literature have indicated that, in general, those physicians who diagnose and treat fractures, i.e. radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, physiatrists, and those who provide general medical care to these fracture patients, the primary care physicians, are not evaluating patients with acute fractures for the presence of osteoporosis and are not prescribing calcium, vitamin D, or specific pharmacological therapy to reduce future fracture risk. These reports suggest that implementation of a standard of care for the subsequent medical management of the older patient with an acute fracture is needed urgently. Diagnostic tools and several effective therapies exist, but these are underused by the physicians who interface with these patients. A call to action is necessary to reduce the human and economic costs associated with this serious and treatable disease.     

Interventions to increase osteoporosis treatment in patients with 'incidentally' detected vertebral fractures

BackgroundMost vertebral compression fractures are not recognized or treated. We conducted a controlled trial in older patients with vertebral fractures incidentally reported on chest radiographs, comparing usual care with osteoporosis interventions directed at physicians (opinion-leader-endorsed evidence summaries and reminders) or physicians+patients (adding activation with leaflets and telephone counseling).MethodsPatients aged >60 years who were discharged home from emergency departments and who had vertebral fractures reported but were not treated for osteoporosis were allocated to usual care (control) or physician intervention using alternate-week time series. After 3 months, untreated controls were re-allocated to physician+patient intervention. Allocation was concealed, outcomes ascertainment blinded, and analyses intent-to-treat. Primary outcome was starting osteoporosis treatment within 3 months.ResultsThere were 1315 consecutive patients screened, and 240 allocated to control (n = 123) or physician intervention (n = 117). Groups were similar at baseline (average age 74 years, 45% female, 58% previous fractures). Compared with controls, physician interventions significantly (all P <.001) increased osteoporosis treatment (20 [17%] vs 2 [2%]), bone mineral density testing (51 [44%] vs 5 [4%]), and bone mineral density testing or treatment (57 [49%] vs 7 [6%]). Three months after controls were re-allocated to physician+patient interventions, 22% had started treatment and 65% had bone mineral density testing or treatment (P <.001 vs controls). Physician+patient interventions increased bone mineral density testing or treatment an additional 16% compared with physician interventions (P = .01).ConclusionsAn opinion-leader-based intervention targeting physicians substantially improved rates of bone mineral density testing and osteoporosis treatment in patients with incidental vertebral fractures, compared with usual care. Even better osteoporosis management was achieved by adding patient activation to physician interventions [NCT00388908].