33例HIV/AIDS病人的生活质量与影响因素

目的了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称HIV/AIDS病人）的生活质量及其影响因素,为社会支持提供依据。方法选择陕西省山阳县、武功县HIV/AIDS病人33例,采用世界卫生组织生活质量量表（WHOQOL-BREF）对其进行调查,对相关数据进行描述性统计和多重线性回归分析。结果超过半数调查对象感染HIV后感到羞愧、自责、痛苦、恐惧、绝望,且山阳县HIV/AIDS病人感到羞愧和自责的比例显著高于武功县。一半以上的HIV/AIDS病人认为自己的生活质量一般。约1/3的HIV/AIDS病人对自身的健康状况满意。健康状况的主观感受、心理领域得分和参加活动3个因素影响HIV/AIDS病人的生活质量,并且3个因素均为正向影响因素。结论鼓励与支持HIV/AIDS病人积极参加社会活动,提高其对健康状况的主观感受,促进心理健康,均能提高他们的生活质量。     

HIV感染者/AIDS病人生活质量及其影响因素研究

目的 了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者／艾滋病（AIDS）病人的生活质量及其影响因素。方法 采用世界卫生组织生活质量简表中文版测量其生活质量，对215名HIV感染者／AIDS病人进行匿名问卷调查。结果 HIV感染者／AIDS病人生活质量四个维度的平均得分为50．74（生理领域）、46．01（心理领域）、53．78（社会关系领域）和43．94（环境领域）。单因素分析显示，性别、文化程度、收入、居住地、病情、感染途径、医疗费用占家庭收入比例、艾滋病知识水平和耻辱等因素与HIV感染者／AIDS病人的生活质量各个领域有关（P＜0．05）。多元线性回归分析结果表明，工作、收入和艾滋病相关知识水平是影响生活质量的有利因素，而感受到的耻辱和医疗费用占家庭收入比例则是不利影响因素（P＜0．05）。结论 社会经济等因素在不同方面影响着HIV感染者／AIDS病人的生活质量。     

南漳县HIV/AIDS病人生命质量状况及心理暗示治疗效果

目的了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称HIV/AIDS病人）的生存质量状况,研究心理干预对HIV/AIDS病人生命质量改善的影响。方法采用现况研究方法,分析研究对象的生存质量及其影响因素,通过一对一心理咨询及使用复合维生素暗示疗法干预,观察干预前后的效果。结果 100例HIV/AIDS病人参与生存质量测定调查,回收有效问卷100份。HIV/AIDS病人生命质量量表各因子得分,除个人信仰/精神领域得分略高于全国常模外,生理、心理、独立性、社会关系、环境领域得分均低于常模,且生理、心理、独立性、社会关系与常模比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。100例HIV/AIDS病人参与复合维生素暗示干预,3个月后,回收有效问卷97份,干预后在心理、独立性、环境领域因子的得分有所提高,且干预前后心理、独立性、环境维度因子分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论南漳县HIV/AIDS病人在接受抗病毒治疗之后生存质量水平低下,心理干预有效地改善HIV/AIDS病人的心理和独立性等方面状况。     

HIV/AIDS病人主观幸福感及其影响因素分析

目的调查艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的主观幸福感和积极情绪水平的现状,分析主观幸福感的影响因素。方法采用便利取样选取某市艾滋病治疗中心门诊及病房215例HIV/AIDS病人,通过一般资料问卷、正负性情绪问卷和幸福感指数问卷进行匿名调查。结果 215例HIV/AIDS病人中,男181例,女34例,18～30岁占36.28%。不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、居住状况、教育程度、工作状态、月收入水平、确诊时间的HIV/AIDS病人,幸福感指数差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。当前HIV/AIDS病人的总体幸福感指数得分为(8.99±1.92)分,积极率得分为(1.00±0.31)分。HIV/AIDS病人的幸福感指数与积极情绪呈正相关,与消极情绪呈负相关,相关系数均有统计学意义(P0.05)。居住状况和积极率对HIV/AIDS病人的幸福感指数的总解释量占47.5%。结论 HIV/AIDS病人的总体幸福感处于较低水平,积极情绪水平处于中等水平,居住状态及积极率是影响HIV/AIDS病人的幸福感主要因素。     

山西省运城地区PLWHAS主观幸福感及影响因素的调查研究

目的了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者／艾滋病（AIDs）病人（PLwHAs）的心理状况,探讨影响其主观幸福感的因素。方法选取山西省艾滋病高发地区8个乡镇的194例PLWHAS,用总体幸福感量表（GWB）及影响因素问卷进行调查。结果PLwHAs主观幸福感总体得分（108±11）分,低于普通村民。单因素分析表明,健康状况、身份公开程度、感染年限、社会歧视,是影响PLWHAS主观幸福感的因素（P〈0．05）。目前的社会关怀提升了PLWHAS对生活的满足和兴趣,但对总体主观幸福感作用不显著。结论PLWHAS的主观幸福感受多因素影响,改善其身体健康状况、消除社会歧视等,有助于提升PLWHAS主观幸福感。     

HIV/AIDS病人社会支持现状及其与健康管理的相关性

目的了解北京市艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的社会支持现况及其相关影响因素。方法依托北京市佑安医院爱心家园招募志愿者,采用《社会支持评定量表》等进行调查,评价该群体的社会支持现状,以及与生活质量、健康管理满意度、服药依从性和服药效果之间的相关性。结果共发放500份问卷,收回497份。497例病人中HIV感染者254例,AIDS病人243例。HIV感染者获得主观支持及社会支持的总分均显著低于AIDS病人,有统计学差异(P0.05),HIV/AIDS病人低于一般社会人群的社会支持得分。HIV/AIDS病人社会支持总分与躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、精神健康等生活质量得分之间呈负关联(P0.01),与服药效果均分、健康管理满意度均分呈正相关(P0.01)。客观支持得分与健康管理各维度的满意度及服药效果的关联有统计学意义(P0.05),与躯体疼痛、精力、社会功能以及精神健康之间呈负相关(P0.05)。主观支持得分与其健康管理各维度的满意度之间呈正相关(P0.01),与生活质量的生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、精神健康的得分之间呈负相关(P0.01)。支持利用度得分与健康管理满意度均分、药物知识、生理知识以及社会交往满意度得分的关联有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HIV/AIDS病人的社会支持与其是否患病、健康管理满意度、生活质量和治疗效果均有关联。     

有偿献血而感染HIV/AIDS者心理干预前后焦虑抑郁状况分析

目的 探讨心理干预对有偿献血感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人焦虑、抑郁状况的影响。方法 选择皖北有偿献血感染的HIV／AIDS病人，随机分为干预组和对照组各30名，干预组给予心理干预。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）对患者进行问卷调查。结果 60名HIV／AIDS病人心理干预后，干预组焦虑、抑郁情绪较对照组减轻（t=3．882，P〈0．01；t=3．018，P〈0．05）。结论 心理干预可有效改善有偿献血HIV／AIDS病人的焦虑、抑郁状况。     

HIV感染者和AIDS病人生活质量的影响因素

研究艾滋病病毒（HIv）感染者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人的生活质量,有着特殊的含义和重要性。艾滋病抗病毒治疗的应用,不但大大降低了HIV感染者和病人的死亡率,而且有效地提高了HIV感染者和病人的生活质量。然而影响HIV感染者和病人生活质量的因素是多方面的,包括社会人口学特征、疾病及疾病相关因素、社会心理因素等。同时,改善社会支持也是提高他们生活质量的途径之一。     

广州市养老机构老年人幸福度调查与分析

目的探讨广州市养老机构老年人的幸福度水平并分析其影响因素。方法应用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表（MUNSH）及老人一般情况调查表对广州市老人院和寿星大厦的329名老人进行问卷调查。结果老年人幸福度平均得分为30.36±6.08,83.9%的老人得分≥24。自身不同健康状况组之间的幸福度有显著差异（P〈0.01）,入住养老机构的时间不同,组间幸福度具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论本组样本老人总体自觉幸福、满意。其幸福度水平与本人健康状况、入住养老机构的时间有关。     

艾滋病病人中期妊娠药物引产的临床护理北大核心CSCD

西溪医院是杭州市艾滋病（AIDS）定点收治医院,近年艾滋病疫情持续上升,医院收治的艾滋病病人也随之增加。2014年1月至2016年12月,收治了11例16-24周妊娠引产艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/AIDS病人（简称HIV/AIDS病人）。现将临床观察与护理情况总结报告如下。1对象与方法1.1对象本院2014年1月至2016年12月收治的16-24周要求中期妊娠引产的HIV/AIDS病人,     

Validation of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the quality of life (QOL) of an individual is essentially defined as the subjective evaluation by such individuals of their own personal life embedded within the context of their culture and values. In the present study, we set out to examine the reliability and validity of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF, a newly-developed, multi-dimensional instrument comprising 31 items designed to assess the QOL of people in Taiwan infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We collected data on a total of 680 people in Taiwan infected with HIV; these study participants were found to have a mean age of 36.26±10.1 years. Based on our assessment of the psychometric (reliability and validity) properties of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF, we found that the internal consistency (Cronbach's α) ranged between 0.67 and 0.80 across the six domains of physical health, level of independence, psychological health, spirituality, social relations, and environmental health. We also found that the multi-dimensional instrument demonstrated good content, concurrent, and known-group validity, with the results of the construct validity further revealing that the original six-domain structure model was acceptable. The findings of the present study provide strong evidence in support of both the reliability and validity of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF for widespread use in the assessment of quality of life among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan, with the original factor structure of the instrument having been found to be appropriately valid for patients of a Chinese cultural background. We therefore contribute to the evidence on the cultural relevance of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF as a valid measure for cross-cultural comparative studies on QOL.     

甘肃省接受HAART的AIDS病人的生活质量测评

目的通过调查接受抗病毒治疗前后艾滋病病人的生活质量,评估抗病毒治疗对艾滋病病人生活质量的影响,为进一步提高病人的生活质量提供参考。方法应用简体中文版MOS-艾滋病病毒（HIV）量表,在定点收治医院抽取艾滋病病人,在其接受抗病毒治疗前后进行调查,内容包括病人的生活质量、人口学特征和与HIV感染相关特征,采用t检验、方差检验等对调查资料进行统计分析。结果共调查病人99例,治疗前其生理领域得分为（49.44±9.85）分,心理领域得分为（24.85±11.17）分;健康转变0.31分、健康压力0.37分、心理功能0.46分、总体健康感0.46分,4个维度得分率较低;治疗后,其生理领域得分为（57.84±3.59）分,心理领域得分为（56.00±5.01）分,11个维度的得分均较治疗前提高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论在艾滋病抗病毒治疗过程中,医务人员在给予病人必要的临床治疗的基础上,提供心理咨询和关怀服务,可以改善他们的生活质量,同时亦提示要进一步拓展艾滋病病人医疗服务的内容,将有助于提高病人的生活质量。     

Gender differences in quality of life outcomes of HIV/AIDS treatment in the latent feminization of HIV epidemics in Vietnam

Understanding gender-specific predictors of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQL) outcomes of HIV/AIDS treatment is necessary in the latent feminization of HIV epidemics in Vietnam. This study assessed HRQL and its predictors among men and women with HIV/AIDS. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 155 patients (36.8% women, mean age=31.4) registering for antiretroviral treatment (ART) at Vietnam-Sweden Uong Bi General Hospital, Quang Ninh Province. The Vietnamese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life HIV brief version (WHOQOL-HIV BREF) was developed. Factor analysis was applied to assess the construct validity of the measurement. Six major domains of the Vietnamese WHOQOL-HIV BREF were determined, namely physical; performance; morbidity; environment; psychological; and social support. Internal consistency reliability of the six domains ranged from 0.52 to 0.71. Multivariate linear regression models, constructed using step-wise forward selection, determined different predictors of HRQL domain scores in men and women with HIV/AIDS. The results showed that men reported higher scores or better in Morbidity (p=0.02), Environment (p=0.07) and Psychological dimensions (p=0.02); meanwhile, women had higher scores in Performance (p=0.09). Alcohol and injection drug use negatively predicted HRQL outcomes in both men and women. Employment was associated with better performance in men, and better physical but poorer environment status in women. Female patients who have a child experienced decrements in social support, psychological, environment, and performance. Findings of this study highlight the need to develop comprehensive interventions for HIV/AIDS patients, including HIV/AIDS treatment support and gender-specific impact mitigation interventions strategies.     

Health-related quality of life in a sample of HIV-infected South Africans

The study aims to assess the health-related quality of life and HIV symptoms of a sample of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in South Africa. The sample included 607 PLHIV from all districts of the Eastern Cape Province, recruited either through a health facility, from the community through key informants, or through support groups. At the time of the study, 66% of the respondents reported having been given an AIDS diagnosis (advanced stage of HIV disease), 48% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 35% were receiving a disability grant. The findings indicate a low degree of overall quality of life, with a mean score of 13.4 on the WHOQOL-HIV measure. Among the WHOQOL-HIV BREF subscales, logistic regression identified spirituality, environment, psychological health, and level of independence as predictors for overall quality of life. Among medical variables and HIV symptoms, CD4 cell count and having fewer HIV symptoms but not an AIDS diagnosis were identified as predictors for overall quality of life; among socio-economic variables, having sufficient food and a higher educational level were identified as predictors. The results highlight the need for better access to psychosocial support and medical services for PLHIV in South Africa, as well as the need to consider a patient's general health perceptions during the course of ART.     

MOS-HIV量表测量PLWHA生存质量现状

目的了解艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称PLWHA）的生活质量现状,探讨其影响因素,为制定艾滋病综合关怀措施提供客观依据。方法采用简体中文版MOS-HIV量表,测量广州市番禺区PLWHA生活质量现状,并调查可能影响生活质量的相关特征,采用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果番禺区PLWHA生理领域总分为（53.92±6.85）分,心理领域总分为（45.88±7.57）分。HIV感染者在生理、心理领域总分,总体健康、躯体角色、社会功能、肌体疼痛、健康压力和生命质量领域等方面评分均高于AIDS病人,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。HIV感染者不同年龄组中,30~39岁年龄组生理领域总分最高;不同职业组中,无/待业组评分最低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。AIDS病人不同年龄组、不同职业组各领域评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。CD＋4T淋巴细胞计数〉350个/mm3者在生理、心理领域总分,总体健康、躯体健康、躯体角色、社会功能、肌体疼痛和心理健康领域等方面评分,均高于CD＋4T淋巴细胞计数≤350个/mm3者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论广州市番禺区PLWHA的生存质量水平较低,并受多方面因素的影响,应倡导提供多方位的综合干预服务,提高其生存质量。     

An international quality of life instrument to assess wellbeing in adults who are HIV-positive: a short form of the WHOQOL-HIV (31 items)

Few cross-cultural measures are available to assess quality of life (QoL) in HIV/AIDS. A short form of the WHOQOL-HIV—the WHOQOL-HIV BREF—was developed and tested. Survey data from 1,923 HIV-positive adults (selected for age, gender and disease stage) were collected in 8 culturally diverse centres. The ‘best’ HIV-specific item was extracted from five HIV facets of the WHOQOL-HIV long form using information about item correlations with QoL, health and domains, item discriminant validity and centre problems. The five identified items were then integrated with the WHOQOL-BREF to complete the 31 item WHOQOL-HIV BREF. This short form shows good internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity for ‘known’ disease stages. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed an overall good fit for a six domains model (Comparative Fit Index = 0.97), supporting scoring. Quality of life in different cultures is reported. A value of the WHOQOL-HIV short form is in monitoring QoL in multi-national clinical trials, and in clinical practice.     

MOS—HIV量表评价艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人生活质量现状

目的调查中国部分地区艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人的生活质量现状。方法应用简体中文版MOS—HIV量表评价中国部分地区艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人的生活质量现状,同时调查可能影响生活质量的人口学特征和与HIV感染相关的特征。采用t检验、方差分析进行均数显著性检验。结果用简体中文版MOSHIV量表测量中国部分地区艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人的生活质量得分,生理健康总分为（46．47±9．96）分,心理健康总分为（47．14±11．20）分。统计结果显示,不同年龄组中,23～29岁年龄组生理和心理健康总分最高;静脉吸毒途径感染的患者生理、心理健康总分均高于其他感染途径的患者;血CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数水平〉300／μl组,其生理、心理健康总分均高于CD4〈200／μl组;抗病毒治疗24个月以上的患者,其生理、心理健康总分低于治疗24个月以下的患者。结论中国艾滋病抗病毒治疗病人的生活质量水平较低,年龄、感染途径、血CD4^＋T淋巴细胞计数和抗病毒治疗时间等因素,对生活质量均有一定程度的影响。     

Quality of life and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Southern Brazil

The absence of or limited adherence to treatment is the main cause for the failure of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). In Brazil, adherence to antiretroviral therapy has been lower than the recommended levels. Although HAART may produce adverse reactions, failure to comply with it may aggravate patients' health status and impair Quality of Life (QoL). The QoL of individuals living chronically with HIV and AIDS has been considered one of the main treatment outcomes. This study is part of a 225-day prospective trial in which participants were enrolled in two different modalities of follow-up: the usual model medical follow-up or an intervention based on the Medication Adherence Training Instrument (MATI). The WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate QoL of research participants in both groups on the 15th and 225th days of follow-up after the baseline assessment. The result of this study revealed no significant differences of WHOQOL-HIV BREF scores between participants allocated to MATI and non-MATI groups in the first assessment. However, there was a significant difference between the scores obtained on the 15th and 225th days in the domain related to spirituality and personal beliefs irrespective of the modality of follow-up. Other domains of the WHOQOL-HOV BREF remained unchanged. These results indicate that, in this sample, personal beliefs and spirituality may be relevant subjects to explain sustained levels of adherence to HAART.     

性途径感染的PLWHA生存质量和社会支持分析

目的了解经性途径感染的艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人（PLWHA）的生存质量和社会支持现状,并分析其相关因素。方法应用世界卫生组织生存质量量表（WHOQOL-BREF）中文版,评价常住广州市海珠区、能随访到的经性途径感染的所有PLWHA的生存质量。用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）评价其社会支持。结果经性途径感染的PLWHA生存质量4个领域的平均得分为生理领域（14.26±2.27）分,心理领域（12.82±2.55）分,社会关系领域（13.00±2.28）分,环境领域（12.03±2.27）分。生理、心理和社会关系领域的得分低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但环境领域与全国常模的差异则无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,性别、文化程度、居住方式、主观支持和对支持利用度是生存质量的相关因素,PLWHA社会支持3个维度的平均得分为客观支持（4.51±2.11）分,主观支持（17.55±5.03）分,对支持利用度（5.92±1.82）分,社会支持总分为（27.99±7.12）分。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、婚姻、文化程度、居住方式、感染途径和社会关系领域是社会支持的相关因素。结论性途径感染的PLWHA生存质量和社会支持受多方面因素的影响,可根据不同的影响因素给予针对性的干预,以提高其生存质量和社会支持。     

抗病毒治疗时间对AIDS患者生命质量的影响研究

目的 探讨接受高效抗反转录病毒治疗时间的长短对AIDS患者生命质量的影响.方法 采取典型抽样的方法,选取1个省级、2个州级、5个县级抗病毒治疗医院为研究现场,选择2009年4月前在这8个研究现场入组并接受抗病毒治疗的AIDS患者作为研究对象,使用中文版SF-36量表和自编基本情况调查表对其进行横断面调查,应用EpiDa...