Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. With emphasis on large renal stones

With utilization of safety guide wire, dilator (up to 36F), and Mazzariello-Caprini forceps, percutaneous removal of renal stone was successfully performed in 18 cases, including 5 cases with staghorn calculus, although parts of the staghorn calculus were left in 4 cases. Attempts at stone extraction were performed on the day nephrostomy was made. All of the renal stones excluding staghorn calculi were removed without disruption followed by satisfactory postoperative renal function. Unexpectedly Kocher forceps was found to be a useful and relatively safe instrument for quick fragmentation and removal of staghorn calculi.     

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal calculi in children.

Fifteen children (8 male and 7 female) with an age range of 18 months to 15 years were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using the Siemens Lithostar. Two children had a history of metabolic stone disease and 1 child had previously undergone open stone surgery. Four children were treated with a ureteric stent in place and 1 nephrostomy was inserted before treatment. All children were treated under general anaesthesia and all of the stones treated were confined to the kidney and ranged in size from 5 mm to a complete staghorn. The number of treatments ranged from 1 to 6 and generator voltage ranged from 16 to 19 kV with a maximum number of 30,000 shocks to a complete staghorn. Complications were minimal, with 3 children presenting with colic, 1 child requiring a stent and none requiring a nephrostomy after treatment. The overall stone clearance rate at 3 months was 65%. ESWL provides an effective treatment for selected calculi in children. In the short term, complications are minimal but the long-term effects on children need to be monitored.     

PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION

PURPOSE: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is an established technique used in children with renal calculi. We review our experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy for treating nephrolithiasis in childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of children who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures for renal calculi from 1985 to 1996. Antegrade percutaneous access was obtained in all patients and the tract was dilated to 24F. Grasper forceps, ultrasound and/or electrohydraulic lithotripsy was used to remove and disintegrate stones. In all patients a nephrostomy tube was placed intraoperatively, and a plain abdominal x-ray and nephrostogram were done postoperatively. The nephrostomy tube was removed after ensuring free drainage down the ureter and no untoward effects from clamping. Complete anatomical and metabolic evaluation was performed in all cases. Patients were followed 2 to 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months postoperatively with a plain abdominal x-ray and excretory urography or renal ultrasound. RESULTS: In 5 boys and 3 girls (9 renal units) 4 to 11 years old (mean age 6.4) a total of 10 percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures were performed. At presentation 6 children had flank and/or abdominal pain, 5 gross hematuria and 3 urinary tract infection. Three patients had associated metabolic abnormalities. One patient with a staghorn calculus had hydronephrosis and multiple infundibular stenoses. No underlying urological anatomical abnormalities were noted in the remaining cases. Four renal units that were obstructed at presentation required initial nephrostomy tube insertion. Average operative time was 131.8 minutes (range 58 to 240). An 87.5% stone-free rate was achieved using percutaneous nephrolithotomy monotherapy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was not successful for eradicating a staghorn stone in 1 patient. Hypothermia developed in 2 patients in whom operative time exceeded 150 minutes. No blood transfusions were required. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective in children, and should be considered a viable management option. However, staghorn calculi may require alternative management, particularly in the setting of underlying anatomical abnormalities. Children with renal calculi should undergo a complete anatomical and metabolic assessment with the institution of medical therapy, as appropriate.     

Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of paediatric urolithiasis

INTRODUCTION

Paediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has revolutionised the treatment of paediatric nephrolithiasis. Paediatric PCNL has been performed using both adult and paediatric instruments. Stone clearance rates and complications vary according to the technique used and surgeon experience. We present our experience with PCNL using adult instruments and a 28Fr access tract for large renal calculi in children under 18 years.

METHODS

All patients undergoing PCNL at our institution between 2000 and 2009 were reviewed. Demographics, surgical details and post-operative follow-up information were obtained to identify stone clearance rates and complications.

RESULTS

PCNL was performed in 32 renal units in 31 patients (mean age: 10.8 years). The mean stone diameter was 19mm (range: 5–40mm). Twenty-six cases required single puncture and six required multiple tracts. Overall, 11 staghorn stones, 10 multiple calyceal stones and 11 single stones were treated. Twenty-seven patients (84%) were completely stone free following initial PCNL. Two cases had extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for residual fragments, giving an overall stone free rate of 91% following treatment. There was no significant bleeding or sepsis encountered either during the operation or in the post-operative setting. No patient required or received a blood transfusion.

CONCLUSIONS

Paediatric PCNL can be performed safely with minimal morbidity using adult instruments for large stone burden, enabling rapid and complete stone clearance.     

专用超声引导标准通道结合一期微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗鹿角形肾结石的临床应用

目的 对比研究泌尿专用超声引导标准通道结合一期微通道经皮肾镜取石术(minimally access percutaneous nephrolithotomy,mini-PCNL)与一期多通道mini PCNL治疗鹿角形肾结石的疗效与安全性。方法 前瞻性分析2015年8月至2017年7月在本院行泌尿专用超声引导下多通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗鹿角形肾结石86例患者的临床资料,采用随机数字表法分组,其中标准通道和mini-PCNL组（联合通道组）40例,mini-PCNL组 46例。总结两组患者的手术时间、通道数目、结石清除率、术后血红蛋白下降值、辅助治疗方式和并发症发生率。结果 86例患者均成功一期建立多通道,并成功碎石取石。术前两组患者在性别、年龄、结石负荷、术前的合并症方面的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合通道组和mini PCNL组手术时间[(68.23±11.06)min和(82.83±9.09)min]、术中肾盂内压[（15.08±1.79）mmHg和（19.35±3.68）mmHg]、一期结石清除率（80.00%和58.70%）、住院时间[(6.00±1.59)d和(7.89±2.11)d]、术后发热率（5.00%和19.57%）的比较差异均有统计学意义（P>0.05)。联合通道组和mini-PCNL组术后血红蛋白下降值[(12.43±3.52)g/L和(12.57±3.68)g/L]、一期术后辅助治疗方式、通道数目及总结石清除率比较差异无统计学差异。结论 在泌尿专用超声穿刺探头引导下,采用经穹窿穿刺法实施一期多通道PCNL术治疗鹿角形肾结石,标准通道联合微通道组缩短了手术时间和住院时间,术中肾盂内压力较低,提高了一期结石清除率,并不增加通道数目和并发症,安全可靠,值得临床推广使用。     

超声引导下针状肾镜联合标准通道PCNL治疗鹿角形结石的安全性和有效性

目的总结超声引导下针状肾镜联合标准通道经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)治疗鹿角形结石的初步临床应用经验,探讨其安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2017年12月至2019年6月北京清华长庚医院收治的65例鹿角形结石患者的临床资料。男41例,女24例。年龄(53.5±8.9)岁。体质指数(25.1±2.9)kg/m2。结石最大径(10.9±3.1)cm。双侧鹿角形结石3例,完全鹿角形结石38例。术前无积水或轻度积水36例。既往有同侧肾结石手术史12例。孤立肾9例。65例均行超声引导下针状肾镜联合标准通道PCNL。手术采用全麻,患者取俯卧位。超声引导下经皮肾穿刺扩张后建立F24标准皮肾通道,肾镜下应用气压弹道联合超声负压吸引清石系统处理鹿角形结石主体。针状肾镜由F4.2针状金属外鞘和通过螺旋接口相连接的三通管针柄组成,三通管的3个接头可分别置入0.6 mm视频光纤、200μm钬激光光纤和连接液体灌注装置。标准通道肾镜碎石后残留的平行盏结石采用超声引导下针状肾镜穿刺进入目标盏后,连接钬激光光纤进行碎石。结果本研究65例中,3例为双侧结石,共68侧手术。中位手术时间为79.8(45~129)min。通道建立时间中位值为4.8(2.5~9.6)min。术中标准通道建立中位值为1.5(1~3)个,针状肾镜穿刺中位值为1.0(1~3)次。术后第1天血红蛋白下降中位值为10.6(0~25.9)g/L。术后住院时间中位值为5.5(4~7)d。总并发症发生率为10.3%(7例),其中ClavienⅠ级5例,包括术后发热2例,镇痛剂使用3例;ClavienⅡ级2例,均为输血。一期结石清除率79.4%(54/68)。14例有残石者中,9例行二期手术治疗,其中7例残石被清除,最终结石清除率为89.7%(61/68)。结论采用超声引导下针状肾镜联合标准通道PCNL治疗鹿角形结石是安全、有效的,术后早期清石率较高,并发症发生率较低。     

The effect of intracalyceal distribution on the clearance of renal stones of > or = 20 mm in children after extracorporeal lithotripsy

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of the intracalyceal distribution of renal stones on clearance rates after treating paediatric nephrolithiasis with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We assessed a retrospective case series of children (aged < or = 14 years) undergoing lithotripsy on an MPL 9000 (Dornier GmbH, Germany) echo-guided lithotripter. Patients were identified using an international coding and indexing system and ESWL registry. In all, 125 children were treated during 1990-2003, but 21 had stones of > or = 20 mm. Stone clearance was assessed at 1 and 3 months, the stone-free state being defined as no radiological evidence of stone or fragments of < or = 3 mm. Failed treatments were analysed to identify any correlation with stone site. RESULTS: The overall stone-free rate was 81%; in four children the treatment failed (all girls) and subsequently they required ancillary procedures. Nineteen patients (90%) received up to three sessions of ESWL; two required four or more sessions. Of the four children in whom treatment failed, two had JJ stents; the stones were in the lower pole calyx in two, and the renal pelvis and lower pole calyx in two. The mean stone size in those where treatment failed was 25 mm, vs 21 mm in the stone-free group. The complication rate was 19%, but only one child required admission to hospital. CONCLUSIONS: ESWL is very effective for renal stones in children, with minimal morbidity. Lower pole and partial staghorn stones with a major component in the lower pole calyx should preferably be treated by a percutaneous approach.     

Stentless pediatric ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser stone disintegration: is gravels retrieval an issue?

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of stentless pediatric ureteroscopic holmium laser stone disintegration without gravels retrieval.

Patients and methods

From Feb 2007 to Feb 2010, 21 children (12 boys and 9 girls) with unilateral single stone ureter, with an average age of 8.5?years (range 4?C12?years), were treated with 6.9 Fr semirigid ureteroscope for a stone size ranged from 5 to 10?mm (mean 6.5?mm). All the stones were radioopaque, located in the upper ureter in 2 cases (9.5%), in the middle ureter in 5 cases (24%), and in the lower ureter in 14 cases (66.5%). Complete holmium laser stone disintegration was applied in all cases without gravels removal. No postoperative ureteral stent was inserted in any case.

Results

The stones were successfully approached and completely disintegrated in a single session in 20 cases (95.2%). All the procedures were done without ureteral orifice dilatation apart from 3 cases where another working guide wire was applied. No intraoperative complications were recorded in the form of mucosal injury, ureteral perforation, or urinary extravasation. There is no early postoperative complication in the form of urinary tract infection or colic apart from single case of hematuria which was successfully treated conservatively. Two weeks postoperatively, KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) films were completely free from any significant gravel (>3?mm) and US showed no hydronephrosis.

Conclusion

Stentless ureteroscopic holmium laser disintegration without gravels removal is a safe and effective method for pediatric ureteral stone less than 10?mm in diameter.     

Modern Stone Management in Children

Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for the treatment of pediatric stone disease was initiated almost three decades ago, ushering in a new era of noninvasive techniques for stone disintegration in children. Initially, all urinary stones—regardless of their size, site, or composition—were treated by this modality, eliminating the necessity of open surgery. SWL became less painful and more accessible for children when modern modular lithotripters, with smaller foci and better stone-targeting options, were introduced. Stone-free rates (SFRs) vary between 46% and 100%, depending on patient, lithotripter, and stone factors. Short- and long-term complications are rare. Recent refinements in endoscope design and intrarenal and ureteral imaging have added percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ureteroscopy (URS) as alternatives to SWL for stone disintegration in children and infants. The main advantage of these modalities over SWL is their ability to actively remove stone fragments from the urinary system to achieve better SFRs compared with SWL in ureteral and large renal calculi. Current stone management guidelines for children have been established and updated by the European Association of Urology. Hand- and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyelolithtomy have recently been introduced for special cases. We conclude that SWL is an effective and safe treatment modality for small renal stones and for upper ureteral calculi but not for cysteine stones. URS is very efficient for distal ureteral stones and recently has become more popular for renal stones. PCNL is the first-line treatment for large or staghorn calculi.     

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy in the treatment of staghorn calculi

From October, 1987 to September, 1989, 53 staghorn calculi of 51 patients underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy by using Dornier HM3 lithotriptor. All patients were treated with double J stenting preoperatively. Mean number of shock waves was 6092 and mean number of sessions was 2.1. In 52 out of 53 kidneys (98%), the stones were disintegrated completely. Complete removal of the stone were observed in 29 kidneys (55%) 3 months after the last ESWL treatment. Complications consisted of fever attack (more than 38 degrees C) (26 patients), ileus (2), subcapsular hematoma (2) and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (1). They could be conservatively treated except one case with percutaneous nephrostomy. Supplementary procedures for the stone street were necessary in 23 patients. They consisted of ESWL (16 patients) and transuretheral lithotripsy (7). The indication of this procedure for the treatment of staghorn calculi was also discussed.     

The changing practice of percutaneous stone surgery. Review of 1000 cases 1981-1988

A review was carried out on 1000 cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Group 1 (500), 1981-1985, being compared with Group 2 (500), 1985-1988. Previous renal surgery had been performed in 17.4% of patients in Group 1 and 36% in Group 2. There were 17.2% complicated patients in Group 1 and 51% in Group 2. The stone burden included 30.2% multiple, partial staghorn and staghorn calculi in Group 1 and 47.2% in Group 2. The use of in situ stone disintegration increased from 22.2% in Group 1 to 73.4% in Group 2 and nephrostomy drainage was necessary in 29.6% compared with 75%. Post-operative complications increased from 13.6 to 24%. Stone-free rates decreased from 92 to 51%, but the addition of other methods of treatment and the inclusion of patients with stone fragments of 2 mm or less increased these figures to 98% in Group 1 and 83% in Group 2. More complicated patients with complex stones are now being referred for PCNL. These patients require multiple treatments, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and percutaneous surgery, in combination with other endoscopic and radiological procedures.     

Retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of renal stones in children: Factors influencing stone clearance and complications

Background

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is a known option for the treatment of upper tract calculi with an excellent success. However, the reports of RIRS in prepubertal children are limited. In this study, we evaluated the factors which affected the success rate and the complications of RIRS at renal stone treatment in childhood.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of children under 14 years old who underwent RIRS for renal stone disease between January 2009 and December 2012. Patients’ age, gender, body mass index (BMI), stone size, stone location, stone number, intraoperative complications, stone free status, postoperative complications were recorded.

Results

There were 80 ureterorenoscopic procedures performed in 58 renal units of 47 children (23 males and 24 females). The patients’ ages ranged from 8 months to 14 years (mean age 4.7 ± 3.4 years). There was a difference in the distribution of symptoms in age groups. UTI was higher in the 1–4 years age group, abdominal pain was seen mostly in children aged 5–14 years. Multiple stones (included staghorn stone) were noted in 60.4% of patients. In 27.6% of patients, ureteral stones were accompanied by renal stones in our series. In the infancy group, cystine and staghorn stones were more frequently seen, mostly bilateral. After a single ureteroscopic procedure for intrarenal stones in children, we achieved stone free status in 50.9% of the ureters (n = 26). After the repeated sessions, the stone clearance rate reached to 85.1%.

Conclusion

Retrograde intrarenal surgery can be used as a first line therapy to treat renal stones in children. This is especially important if an associated ureteral stone is present that requires treatment; or in patients with cystinuria, which is not favorably treated with ESWL. Complications were seen more frequently in patients with cystine stones. Extravasation was noted more frequently in patients admitted with UTIs. There was a significant relationship between the conversion to open procedures and the age groups, with most procedures occurring in infancy. The parents should be informed about the probability of multiple procedures to achieve stone free status.     

Current minimally invasive and endourological therapy in pediatric nephrolithiasis

IntroductionChildren with complex urinary tract stones present a treatment challenge. There is still no clear consensus regarding their management. Therefore, our goal was to review the endourological therapies in children presenting with complex nephrolithiasis, updated to 2013.MethodsThis was a review of published articles, from 1981 to 2013, related to pediatric nephrolithiasis, staghorn calculi, lower pole kidney stones, and uninephric children. The sites from which information was retrieved covered PubMed, the American Urological Association, and Medline.ResultsWe reviewed 147 articles that demonstrated that small lower pole stones of <1 cm may be treated successfully with ESWL in children who are able to cooperate or under sedation; staghorn stones, are better treated by PCNL. Flexible ureterorenoscopy is considered a second option for smaller stones and an alternative for middle size stones in case of failure of ESWL or contraindications for PCNL.ConclusionESWL alone, for a large stone, or in a lower pole in uninephric children is not the standard of care. PCNL offer an appropriate and therapeutic modality in specific situation i.e. larger stones, the lower pole stones with stone free rate approaching 80%. Nevertheless, flexible ureteroscopy with the newest high definition cameras has a promising potential in reaching a 100% stone-free rate in the near future.     

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy monotherapy for paediatric urinary tract calculi

The role of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the management of paediatric urinary tract calculi was evaluated. The study group included 22 children (13 male, 9 female) with an age range of 2 to 13 years. The renal calculi, including staghorn and ureteric calculi, varied in size from 0.3 to 5 cm. Overall stone clearance at 3 months was 79% with a low incidence of complications (2 children required nephrostomy drainage for sepsis). ESWL is a non-invasive method of managing even complex stones in children of all ages, irrespective of size or position.     

Clinical results of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and percutaneous nephroureterolithotripsy (PNL) in combination

Forty-two (44 renal units) were treated by combination of ESWL and percutaneous nephrostomy or PNL. Staghorn calculi were found in 33, renal stones in 6 and ureter stones in 5. Residual stone rate was 18.2% in staghorn calculi. No severe complications were seen.     

微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石的疗效及安全性评价（附4533例报告）

目的：探讨微通道经皮肾镜取石术（mPNI。）治疗上尿路结石的疗效和安全性。方法：1999年9月～2010年12月应用mPNI。治疗上尿路结石患者4533例,其中肾盂及。肾盏结石患者3434例,部分鹿角形肾结石患者324例,完全鹿角形肾结石患者38例,嵌顿性输尿管上段结石患者737例,结石大小12～103mm。采用肋上或肋下入路,经肾乳头穿刺后组肾盏建立手术通道。结果：4528例（99．8％）获得成功,手术时间30～185min,结石清除率分别为：输尿管上段结石99．2％,肾盏或’肾盂结石96．5％,部分鹿角形肾结石92．3％（联合ESWL）,完全鹿角形结石86．2％（联合ESWL）。并发症为输血,占1．39％;术后出血行高选择性肾动脉栓塞占O．13％,胸腔积液占O．13％,结肠损伤占0．11％,液体吸收综合征占O．11％,术后感染性休克占O．06％,无死亡及失肾。结论：采用mPNL治疗包括部分鹿角形肾结石在内的上尿路结石可获得较高的结石取净率,手术安全性高,在减少手术出血、降低输血率和其他并发症方面具有优势。     

Clinical experiences of renal and ureteral stones by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). IV: 3-year clinical experience of cases treated with ESWL

We report our 3-year experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) since we first used it for upper urinary tract stones on September 1st, 1984. A total of 1,225 patients (1,320 cases) underwent 1,647 sessions with ESWL; They consisted of 855 males (70%) and 370 females (30%). Treated stone locations were 593 renal stones, which contained 112 complete staghorn calculi, 504 ureteral stones, 110 renoureteral stones, and 1 bladder stone. ESWL monotherapy was performed on 90% of cases with renal and ureteral stones, and 46% of cases with complete staghorn calculi. In all the cases so far observed for more than 12 weeks after ESWL, 84.9% of the former showed complete discharge of the stones, and 0.7% showed no change. Only 48.9% of the later showed the complete discharge of the stones, 43.3% of which had residual stones, and 7.8% had fragments of the size of small beans. Complications, which were fever and pain, were noticed in 33.6% of the cases with renal and ureteral stones, and 64.3% of the cases with complete staghorn calculi. After ESWL, hematuria was noticed in almost cases, but the average volume of hemorrhage was 28 +/- 33 ml/day. The only contraindication of ESWL was severe obesity, and in the cases in which spontaneous stone discharge can be expected.     

Clinical experience of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for cystine calculi

Thirty patients (16 men and 14 women) with cystine urinary stones were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (Dormer HM-3) from December 1984 through October 1989. The average patient age was 35.2 years with a range of 14 to 59 years. Seventy per cent of these subjects had had previous open surgical operations for stones. The cases consisted of 7 ureteral stones and 37 renal stones, including 15 staghorn calculi. An average of 1.3 session of ESWL was carried out to treat ureteral stones. Thirty-seven renal units with renal stone required 96 sessions of lithotripsy (average 2.6 sessions per unit). Seven patients with ureteral stones required auxiliary procedures, i.e., one transurethral lithotripsy (TUL), two percutaneous nephrostomies (PNS) and one open surgery. Thirty-seven renal stones, including staghorn calculi was treated by ESWL and auxiliary treatment of 21 TUL procedures, one PNS, 16 PNL procedures and one chemical chemolysis. Successful fragmentation (residual debris less than or equal to 4 mm) was achieved in 85.7% of ureteral stones, 90.9% of renal stones and 73.3% of staghorn calculi. The stone free rates of patients with ureteral stones, renal stones and staghorn calculi were 71.4%, 50.0% and 53.5%, respectively, at 3 months after ESWL. No serious complications were seen in this series. Fever above 38.5 degrees C was the most common complications (13.5%). Ureteral perforation was encountered once in TUL procedures. Transfusion and selective arterial embolization were needed for one case treated by PNL procedures. Although cystine stone is harder to be fragmented by ESWL than other stone composition, ESWL and endourology may be effective and safe procedures for cystine stone patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Clinical experiences of renal and upper ureter stone by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). II: 3-month follow-up of cases treated with ESWL

Fifty three out of 60 cases treated with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), were followed up for 3 months. Forty four of the patients had renal stones (2 had bilateral renal stones, 3 had staghorn calculi, 2 had incomplete staghorn calculi, 10 had multiple renal stones), 2 had the unilateral renal and ureteral stones and 16 had ureteral stone. The stone had been discharged completely within 3 months in 47 cases (86.8%), and residual stones were noticed in 6 cases (11%), two of which had stone discharge after retreatment with ESWL. The other cases are being followed up without further treatment, because the residual sandy stones are thought to be able to be discharged spontaneously.     

微创经皮肾取石术治疗孤立肾铸型结石的疗效观察

目的：探讨微创经皮肾取石术（MPCNL）治疗孤立肾铸型结石的安全性及有效性。方法：回顾性分析2007年4月-2008年12月应用MPCNL治疗34例孤立肾铸型结石患者的临床资料：34例患者结石平均表面积（2314±179）mm^2,肾积脓5例。4例先行穿刺造瘘术,5～7天后行二期经皮肾镜取石术,其余患者均行一期取石术。其中单通道取石18例,双通道取石15例,三通道取石1例。结果：3例一期取石时残余小结石,结合ESWL清除小残石,结石总清除率为91．2％（31／34）。1例出现感染性休克,1例术后大出血行介入栓塞治疗,无死亡患者。术后随访4～18个月,19例肾功能不全患者中,11例肾功能恢复正常,6例肾功能有不同程度改善,2例发展为尿毒症期行血液透析,其中1例为术后大出血行介入栓塞的患者。结论：微创多通道MPCNL治疗孤立肾铸型结石安全可行,效果确切,具有创伤小、恢复快、可反复操作等优点,可作为孤立肾铸型结石的首选治疗方法。