2013与2008年广州市消费者食品营养标签认知与应用比较

摘要:目的　了解广州市消费者食品营养标签的认知与应用能力并与2008年调查结果进行比较。方法　于2013年11-12月在广州市各超市,采用匿名问卷方式调查1003名知情同意的消费者,用SPSS20.0进行数据分析。结果　在调查对象中了解什么是食品营养标签的人仅占9.1%,对食品营养标签信息完全能理解的占4.0%。购买食品时经常认真阅读食品营养标签的只有10.7%。认为食品营养标签对食品选购有一些影响的占71.8%,有很大影响的占 5.7%。与2008年调查结果比较,消费者对食品营养标签的了解程度、理解程度、阅读情况以及信任度差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。经Logistic回归分析,食品营养标签与食品选购相关因素有:消费者目前的身体状况、阅读情况、理解程度、信任程度、了解愿望（P≤0.05）。结论　从2008年至2013年《预包装食品营养标签通则》的实施,广州市消费者对食品营养标签的认知度及应用能力并无显著提高,必需加强宣教和引导,提高消费者对食品营养标签的认知与应用,充分发挥其作用。     

温州市市区消费者预包装食品营养标签的认知态度行为调查

[目的]分析温州市区预包装食品营养标签的管理状况及存在的问题,为指导消费者合理膳食提供科学依据。[方法]在温州市区7家大型超市,随机选取600名消费者及营业员,以调查员询问和被调查者自填相结合的问卷调查方式收集资料进行调查,数据用SPSS13.0统计软件进行分析。[结果]接受调查600人,有效问卷581份,其中男性216人,女性365人,年龄(40.2±11.7)岁。预包装食品营养标签认知率为73.5%,仅有8.9%消费者能够正确理解营养标签,认为营养标签标注有必要的消费者占79.2%,在选购预包装食品时,会阅读包装上营养标签的消费者占97.2%,愿意依据营养标签所提供的信息选购的消费者占36.1%。[结论]温州市区消费者对预包装食品营养标签的认知度虽然很高,但真正能理解营养标签并且运用的程度较低,建议相关部门开展多种形式的宣教和引导,普及营养知识,使消费者能正确认识和科学使用预包装食品营养标签,为今后进一步实施并完善温州市区营养标签标示规范提供基础。     

北京市平谷区消费者对食品营养标签的认知调查

目的探讨北京市平谷区消费者对食品营养标签的认知度、应用情况及其影响因素。方法通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,对该区2个街道和3个乡镇的1 540户常住居民进行问卷调查,每户调查主要负责家庭采购的18~79岁的居民1人,数据用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。结果调查对象了解什么是食物营养标签的人占51.0%,12.9%的居民在选择购买食品时会参考包装上的营养标签。年龄较低、非农民消费者、非农户口消费者对食品营养标签的了解情况高于其他人群;对食品营养标签上营养成分表的理解情况非农民消费者高于农民;女性和年轻者选购食品时更易受到营养成分的影响(P0.05)。结论平谷区消费者对食品营养标签的认知度及应用率不高,必须加强宣教和引导,普及营养知识,提高消费者对食品营养标签的认知,改善居民膳食。     

广州市消费者食品营养标签认知情况调查

目的了解广州市消费者对预包装食品营养标签的认知现状及其影响因素。方法选取广州市不同规模超市共4间,随机抽取570名顾客以自制的问卷进行调查。结果 61.5%的消费者关注营养标签,能基本理解营养标签的有50.9%,认为营养标签有必要的则有80.3%。消费者主要从电视广播(40.5%)获取营养标签知识。消费者最关注的营养素为蛋白质(61.6%),最关注的产品是乳及乳制品(64.4%)。女性、低年龄或专业技术人员、文化程度较高等背景群体对于营养标签的认知情况明显高于其他背景群体(P0.05或P0.01)。结论广州市消费者对食品营养标签的认知率仍在较低水平,不同年龄、性别、职业、文化程度等人口学特征影响消费者对食品营养标签的认知情况。     

广州市消费者食品营养标签认知情况调查北大核心CSCD

目的了解广州市消费者对预包装食品营养标签的认知现状及其影响因素。方法选取广州市不同规模超市共4间,随机抽取570名顾客以自制的问卷进行调查。结果 61.5%的消费者关注营养标签,能基本理解营养标签的有50.9%,认为营养标签有必要的则有80.3%。消费者主要从电视广播(40.5%)获取营养标签知识。消费者最关注的营养素为蛋白质(61.6%),最关注的产品是乳及乳制品(64.4%)。女性、低年龄或专业技术人员、文化程度较高等背景群体对于营养标签的认知情况明显高于其他背景群体(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论广州市消费者对食品营养标签的认知率仍在较低水平,不同年龄、性别、职业、文化程度等人口学特征影响消费者对食品营养标签的认知情况。     

成都市场常见包装食品营养标签标识现状及消费者认知度

目的了解成都市场常见包装食品营养标签标识现状和消费者对营养标签的认知度。方法2006年对成都市7家大型超市10大类291种包装食品的营养标签标识情况进行调查;同时随机抽取366名消费者进行营养标签认知度的问卷调查;用SPSS13.0软件进行分析。结果食品营养标签的标识率为47.1%;不同类型食品的标识率有较大差别(P<0.01);标识营养素种类≤3种的食品居多,占42.3%;标识营养素的名称和单位不统一。消费者认知度调查显示,有62.4%的消费者在购买食品时会购买有营养标签的食品;有85.2%的消费者认为国家需要对食品包装上的营养信息进行统一规定。结论目前国内食品的营养标签标识尚不规范,消费者对食品营养标签的认知度不高,食品生产企业执行标准不力;所以政府和媒体需要加强对消费者的宣传教育;国家应加快营养标签的立法工作。     

广州预包装食品营养标签标示及消费者认知现状调查

目的了解《预包装食品营养标签通则》实施后预包装食品营养标签标示现况及广州市消费者对食品营养标签的认知度。方法通过现场调查方法,对广州大型超市907种食品的营养标签标示状况进行调查,以问卷的方式对570名消费者进行营养标签认知调查。结果食品营养标签标示率为93.82%。消费者中知晓食品营养标签的为66.1%,关注率为61.5%。女性对于营养标签知晓度和关注度都高于男性(χ2=8.012,P=0.005;χ2=5.767 P=0.016);文化程度越高,对食品营养标签信息理解度越高(χ2=34.475,P=0.000)。结论与《通则》发布前相比,预包装食品营养标签标示率显著增加,但营养标签标示尚存在不规范,政府应进一步加强食品营养标签的监督检查;同时尚需加强宣教,提高消费者对食品营养标签的认知。     

杭州市超市食品营养标签标识及消费者认知度调查

目的了解杭州市场上常见包装食品营养标签标识现状和消费者对营养标签的认知度。方法通过现场调查方法,对杭州市某大型超市7大类262种包装食品的营养标签标识状况进行记录;同时随机抽取280名消费者进行营养标签认知度的问卷调查;结果输入计算机,用EXCEL软件进行分析。结果食品营养标签的标识率为57.6%,不同类食品间标识率存在较大差别;标识一种营养素的食品居多,占26.0%;标识营养素的名称和单位不统一;15.0%的消费者将食品营养信息作为选择食品的首要考虑因素,88.9%的消费者认为国家需要对食品包装上的营养信息进行统一规定。结论目前国内食品的营养标签标识尚不规范,国家应加快营养标签的立法工作;消费者对食品营养标签的认知度不高,政府和媒体需加强对消费者的宣传教育。     

哈尔滨市消费者营养标签知识态度行为调查

目的 了解目前黑龙江省哈尔滨市消费者有关营养标签的知识、态度、行为(KAP)的现状,对消费者关注的食品营养标签存在的问题进行分析,为营养标签的宣传教育提供依据.方法 从社区人群中分层抽取消费者进行营养标签相关知识的问卷调查,并应用Excel及SAS软件进行分析.结果 189名消费者中有56名将营养信息作为选择食品的首要考虑因素,占30%;食品营养标签的知晓率为39.2%;90%的调查对象不知道<食品营养标签管理规范>已出台实施;对营养标签真实性的信任度为71.7%,满意度为56.8%.结论 消费者对食品营养标签的知晓率不高,对营养标签的关心、理解、信任和满意度有待提高,需加强对消费者的营养教育.     

消费者营养标签使用情况的影响因素调查与研究

目的 了解消费者对营养标签的认知程度,对目前消费者营养标签使用情况的影响因素进行分析,为营养标签的推广宣传提供依据.方法 在上海市卢湾区瑞金、淮海、打浦、五里4个街道,以问卷调查的方式对1141名消费者进行调查.结果 调查对象中能正确理解营养标签的消费者仅占5.8％(44/756),认为营养标签标注有必要的消费者占82.0％ (620/756),在购买食品时有因营养标签而影响购买决策的消费者占30.3％ (189/623).经Logistic回归分析,年龄(OR=0.962,95％ CI:0.933～0.992)、受教育程度(OR=0.270,95％ CI:0.084～0.866)、营养知识知晓情况(OR=0.949,95％ CI:0.915～ 0.985)、认为是否有必要标注营养标签(OR =0.912,95％ CI:0.895～0.941)4个因素为营养标签使用情况的影响因素.结论 消费者对营养标签的认知度虽然很高,但是能真正理解营养标签并且运用的程度还不是很高,需加强宣教和指导,普及营养知识,使得消费者能够使用营养标签这一便捷工具来合理膳食.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.