共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Silva CS Souza MB Silva Filho RS Medeiros LM Criado PR 《Clinics (S?o Paulo, Brazil)》2011,66(4):619-622
INTRODUCTION:
Dermatological disorders are common in medical practice. In medical school, however, the time devoted to teaching dermatology is usually very limited. Therefore, online educational systems have increasingly been used in medical education settings to enhance exposure to dermatology.OBJECTIVE:
The present study was designed to develop an e-learning program for medical students in dermatology and evaluate the impact of this program on learning.METHODS:
This prospective study included second year medical students at the University of Technology and Science, Salvador, Brazil. All students attended discussion seminars and practical activities, and half of the students had adjunct online seminars (blended learning). Tests were given to all students before and after the courses, and test scores were evaluated.RESULTS:
Students who participated in online discussions associated with face-to-face activities (blended learning) had significantly higher posttest scores (9.0±0.8) than those who only participated in classes (7.75±1.8, p <0.01).CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicate that an associated online course might improve the learning of medical students in dermatology. 相似文献2.
Background
In Angola the maternal mortality ratio is among the highest in the world. Medical students are an important target for intervention.Objectives
To evaluate how students perceive the curricular unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics (G&O) in a public institution of reference in Angola.Methods
The study involved a sample of 147 students of the faculty of Medicine of the University Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola, attending the curricular unit of G&O in the 5th and 6th years of the medical course. Data were obtained through surveys of opinion. The information of the scales was summarized through the construction of scores from the original items using the Principal Components Analysis.Results
Students evaluated positively the curricular unit although emphasizing the lack of human and physical resources. The 5th year scored with higher values Teacher Performance and 6th year Students'' Performance. Both years considered to have insufficient skills to meet the learning objectives.Conclusion
Constraints were identified in the outcomes of the teaching/learning program. Several points emerged as crucial from this study: widespread the areas of teaching/learning, increase the number and quality of teaching staff, improve the monitoring of students and provide adequate infrastructures and medical equipment to support the teaching/learning program. 相似文献3.
Provision of medical student teaching in UK general practices: a cross-sectional questionnaire study
Alex Harding Joe Rosenthal Marwa Al-Seaidy Denis Pereira Gray Robert K McKinley 《The British journal of general practice》2015,65(635):e409-e417
Background
Health care is increasingly provided in general practice. To meet this demand, the English Department of Health recommends that 50% of all medical students should train for general practice after qualification. Currently 19% of medical students express general practice as their first career choice. Undergraduate exposure to general practice positively influences future career choice. Appropriate undergraduate exposure to general practice is therefore highly relevant to workforce planningAim
This study seeks to quantify current exposure of medical students to general practice and compare it with past provision and also with postgraduate provision.Design and setting
A cross-sectional questionnaire in the UK.Method
A questionnaire regarding provision of undergraduate teaching was sent to the general practice teaching leads in all UK medical schools. Information was gathered on the amount of undergraduate teaching, how this was supported financially, and whether there was an integrated department of general practice. The data were then compared with results from previous studies of teaching provision. The provision of postgraduate teaching in general practice was also examined.Results
General practice teaching for medical students increased from <1.0% of clinical teaching in 1968 to 13.0% by 2008; since then, the percentage has plateaued. The total amount of general practice teaching per student has fallen by 2 weeks since 2002. Medical schools providing financial data delivered 14.6% of the clinical curriculum and received 7.1% of clinical teaching funding. The number of departments of general practice has halved since 2002. Provision of postgraduate teaching has tripled since 2000.Conclusion
Current levels of undergraduate teaching in general practice are too low to fulfil future workforce requirements and may be falling. Financial support for current teaching is disproportionately low and the mechanism counterproductive. Central intervention may be required to solve this. 相似文献4.
5.
Kang MK Kim BK Kim TW Kim SH Kang HR Park HW Chang YS Kim SS Min KU Kim YY Cho SH 《Allergy, asthma & immunology research》2010,2(4):247-253
Purpose
Patient care based on asthma guidelines is cost-effective and leads to improved treatment outcomes. However, ineffective implementation strategies interfere with the use of these recommendations in clinical practice. This study investigated physicians'' preferences for asthma guidelines, including content, supporting evidence, learning strategies, format, and placement in the clinical workplace.Methods
We obtained information through a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was distributed to physicians attending continuing medical education courses and sent to other physicians by airmail, e-mail, and facsimile.Results
A total of 183 physicians responded (male to female ratio, 2.3:1; mean age, 40.4±9.9 years); 89.9% of respondents were internists or pediatricians, and 51.7% were primary care physicians. Physicians preferred information that described asthma medications, classified the disease according to severity and level of control, and provided methods of evaluation/treatment/monitoring and management of acute exacerbation. The most effective strategies for encouraging the use of the guidelines were through continuing medical education and discussions with colleagues. Physicians required supporting evidence in the form of randomized controlled trials and expert consensus. They preferred that the guidelines be presented as algorithms or flow charts/flow diagrams on plastic sheets, pocket cards, or in electronic medical records.Conclusions
This study identified the items of the asthma guidelines preferred by physicians in Korea. Asthma guidelines with physicians'' preferences would encourage their implementation in clinical practice. 相似文献6.
Objective
To study the computer knowledge and desires of clinical year medical students at one of the oldest and largest medical schools in Nigeria.Design
A survey using validated structured questionnaires.Setting
Medical school of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Subjects
Two hundred and thirty seven clinical year (4th, 5th and 6th years) medical students.Outcome measures
Computer knowledge, mode of acquiring computer knowledge, regular access to computer, desire for inclusion of computer training in curriculum.Results
One hundred twenty (50.6%) students had knowledge of computer technology and it use. Of these, 108 (90%) had no regular access to a computer and none owned a computer; only 32 (26.7%) were sufficiently familiar with computer tools to perform advanced tasks, but 72 (60%) were comfortable with word processing. Seventy two of the 120 students acquired their computer knowledge through self-learning efforts while 45 (37.5%) attended short periods of formal training. Overall, 45.7% of males and 64.5% of females had computer knowledge. The main reason for lack of computer knowledge was lack of time and lack of access to a computer. Eighty percent of all students would like computer education to be included in medical school curriculum.Conclusion
Knowledge and use of computers amongst clinical year medical students in this setting is low. It is important that computer education be taught to the students to enhance their ability to use electronic information and communicate more effectively using computer resources. 相似文献7.
Sarah Burke Melissa Martyn Anna Stone Catherine Bennett Hywel Thomas Peter Farndon 《The British journal of general practice》2009,59(559):99-103
Background
Advances in medical genetics are increasingly being incorporated into clinical management outside specialist genetic services. This study was therefore undertaken to develop learning outcomes in genetics for general practice specialty training, using methods to ensure the knowledge, skills, and attitudes relevant to genetics in primary care were identified.Aim
To identify key knowledge, skills, and attitudes in genetics and to synthesise these into learning outcomes to assist training in genetics for primary care.Design of study
Delphi survey and review by expert group.Setting
Primary care practices and Regional Genetics Centre in the West Midlands region of the UK.Method
A modified Delphi survey involved GP trainers, programme directors, and geneticists (n = 60). The results, along with results from a survey of GP registrars, were reviewed by an expert group, which included GPs, geneticists, and educationalists.Results
Core genetics topics for GPs were identified, prioritised, and developed into competency statements in the style of the curriculum structure of the Royal College of General Practitioners.Conclusion
The development of the GP curriculum statement Genetics in Primary Care was based on a study of educational needs, incorporating the views of practitioners (GP trainers, programme directors, and registrars) and specialists (clinical geneticists). This inclusive approach has enabled the identification of learning outcomes which directly reflect clinical practice. 相似文献8.
Sisira Edirippulige Anthony C Smith Nigel R Armfield Mark Bensink Richard Wootton 《Journal of medical Internet research》2012,14(6)
Background
Since 2000, the Centre for Online Health (COH) at The University of Queensland has offered a range of online eHealth courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. While online learning has a number of advantages, in some domains, it can present some challenges to the development of practical skills and experience.Objective
To assess students’ perceptions of the value of an eHealth practicum.Methods
To supplement our online learning program, we introduced an eHealth practicum component that aimed to expose students to a range of clinically relevant learning experiences. Subsequently, by means of a questionnaire, student perceptions of the practicum were assessed.Results
Over two semesters, a total of 66 students participated in the eHealth practicum, and questionnaire responses were very positive. The majority of students agreed that the practicum allowed them to gain necessary skills in eHealth applications (59%) and provided them with an opportunity to explore ways of using different eHealth tools for the delivery of health care at a distance (62%).Conclusions
The study shows that a practical component in eHealth teaching was well received by students. While online teaching is appropriate for providing knowledge, the opportunity to develop practical skills may encourage students to use eHealth techniques in their future practices. 相似文献9.
Angela Ruth Savage 《African health sciences》2015,15(2):647-655
Background
Patient safety is a key concern for nurses; ability to calculate drug doses correctly is an essential skill to prevent and reduce medication errors. Literature suggests that nurses'' drug calculation skills should be monitored.Objective
The aim of the study was to conduct an educational audit on drug dose calculation learning in a Tanzanian school of nursing. Specific objectives were to assess learning from targeted teaching, to identify problem areas in performance and to identify ways in which these problem areas might be addressed.Methods
A total of 268 registered nurses and nursing students in two year groups of a nursing degree programme were the subjects for the audit; they were given a pretest, then four hours of teaching, a post-test after two weeks and a second post-test after eight weeks.Results
There was a statistically significant improvement in correct answers in the first post-test, but none between the first and second post-tests. Particular problems with drug calculations were identified by the nurses / students, and the teacher; these identified problems were not congruent.Conclusion
Further studies in different settings using different methods of teaching, planned continuing education for all qualified nurses, and appropriate pass marks for students in critical skills are recommended. 相似文献10.
Helena Salminen Nabil Zary Karin Bj?rklund Eva Toth-Pal Charlotte Leanderson 《Journal of medical Internet research》2014,16(1)
Background
Primary care is an integral part of the medical curriculum at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. It is present at every stage of the students’ education. Virtual patients (VPs) may support learning processes and be a valuable complement in teaching communication skills, patient-centeredness, clinical reasoning, and reflective thinking. Current literature on virtual patients lacks reports on how to design and use virtual patients with a primary care perspective.Objective
The objective of this study was to create a model for a virtual patient in primary care that facilitates medical students’ reflective practice and clinical reasoning. The main research question was how to design a virtual patient model with embedded process skills suitable for primary care education.Methods
The VP model was developed using the Open Tufts University Sciences Knowledgebase (OpenTUSK) virtual patient system as a prototyping tool. Both the VP model and the case created using the developed model were validated by a group of 10 experienced primary care physicians and then further improved by a work group of faculty involved in the medical program. The students’ opinions on the VP were investigated through focus group interviews with 14 students and the results analyzed using content analysis.Results
The VP primary care model was based on a patient-centered model of consultation modified according to the Calgary-Cambridge Guides, and the learning outcomes of the study program in medicine were taken into account. The VP primary care model is based on Kolb’s learning theories and consists of several learning cycles. Each learning cycle includes a didactic inventory and then provides the student with a concrete experience (video, pictures, and other material) and preformulated feedback. The students’ learning process was visualized by requiring the students to expose their clinical reasoning and reflections in-action in every learning cycle. Content analysis of the focus group interviews showed good acceptance of the model by students. The VP was regarded as an intermediate learning activity and a complement to both the theoretical and the clinical part of the education, filling out gaps in clinical knowledge. The content of the VP case was regarded as authentic and the students appreciated the immediate feedback. The students found the structure of the model interactive and easy to follow. The students also reported that the VP case supported their self-directed learning and reflective ability.Conclusions
We have built a new VP model for primary care with embedded communication training and iterated learning cycles that in pilot testing showed good acceptance by students, supporting their self-directed learning and reflective thinking. 相似文献11.
Lazaros Papadopoulos Afroditi-Evaggelia Pentzou Konstantinos Louloudiadis Thrasyvoulos-Konstantinos Tsiatsos 《Journal of medical Internet research》2013,15(10)
Background
Three-dimensional virtual worlds are becoming very popular among educators in the medical field. Virtual clinics and patients are already used for case study and role play in both undergraduate and continuing education levels. Dental education can also take advantage of the virtual world’s pedagogical features in order to give students the opportunity to interact with virtual patients (VPs) and practice in treatment planning.Objective
The objective of this study was to design and evaluate a virtual patient as a supplemental teaching tool for pediatric dentistry.Methods
A child VP, called Erietta, was created by utilizing the programming and building tools that online virtual worlds offer. The case is about an eight-year old girl visiting the dentist with her mother for the first time. Communication techniques such as Tell-Show-Do and parents’ interference management were the basic elements of the educational scenario on which the VP was based. An evaluation of the simulation was made by 103 dental students in their fourth year of study. Two groups were formed: an experimental group which was exposed to the simulation (n=52) and a control group which did not receive the simulation (n=51). At the end, both groups were asked to complete a knowledge questionnaire and the results were compared.Results
A statistically significant difference between the two groups was found by applying a t test for independent samples (P<.001), showing a positive learning effect from the VP. The majority of the participants evaluated the aspects of the simulation very positively while 69% (36/52) of the simulation group expressed their preference for using this module as an additional teaching tool.Conclusions
This study demonstrated that a pediatric dentistry VP built in a virtual world offers significant learning potential when used as a supplement to the traditional teaching techniques. 相似文献12.
Background
Tuberculosis infection among medical students is thought to be higher than that among comparable groups.Objectives
To determine the prevalence of positive Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and associated factors among medical students at Makerere University.Methods
A-cross-sectional study among randomly selected medical students. Using intra-dermal technique, TST was performed by administering 0.1ml of purified protein derivative. Readings performed after 72 hours and positive TST based on an induration of ≥10mm.Results
Of 302 students selected to participate, 292 received TST and 288 were analyzed. Of 288 students, 173(60%) were pre-clinical (years 1–3) and 115(40%) clinical (years 4&5). Overall 130 students [45.1%(C.I.39.3–51.1)] had positive TST, not different from one derived from mixture analysis [46.3%(95% Bayesian credibility interval 36.5%–55.8%)]. Positive TST prevalence among pre-clinical was 39.9%(67/173) compared to 53.0%(61/115) among clinical students, OR=1.70,C.I.(1.06–2.74) and increases in a linear pattern with increasing years of study (p=0.002,OR=5.04).Conclusion
The prevalence of TB infection among medical students was twice higher than that of adults living in the suburbs and higher among those in clinical relative to pre-clinical years suggesting that exposure and infection might be related to clinical work. We recommend urgent institution of infection control measures. 相似文献13.
Purpose:
To ascertain the effectiveness of the clinical, tutorial-based component of teaching and the clinical assessment method in the Bachelor of Medical Imaging Science at Curtin University of Technology (CUT), Perth, Western Australia.Materials and Methods:
In mid-2006, second- and third-year students enrolled in CUT’s Medical Imaging Science degree were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) evaluation program and clinical teaching. Thirty-three of 57 students answered questions about demographics and their opinions of the laboratory sessions, clinical placements and the OSCEs.Results:
Seventy-six per cent of students were satisfied with their laboratory sessions and clinical placements. Sixty-four percent of respondents indicated that the OSCE was not an objective evaluation, but 82% of students felt the OSCE was an effective test of their radiography skills and knowledge, and believed that they were able to evaluate and care for a patient during the OSCE.Conclusion:
Overall, the surveyed students believed that the practical skills explored in laboratory sessions helped improve clinical training outcomes; however, only 33% of the students were satisfied that the OSCE was an appropriate assessment of their clinical training in hospitals. 相似文献14.
15.
16.
17.
Daniel Schwarz Petr ?toura? Martin Komenda Hana Harazim Martina Kosinová Jakub Gregor Richard H?lek Olga Smékalová Ivo K?ikava Roman ?toudek Ladislav Du?ek 《Journal of medical Internet research》2013,15(7)
Background
Medical Faculties Network (MEFANET) has established itself as the authority for setting standards for medical educators in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, 2 independent countries with similar languages that once comprised a federation and that still retain the same curricular structure for medical education. One of the basic goals of the network is to advance medical teaching and learning with the use of modern information and communication technologies.Objective
We present the education portal AKUTNE.CZ as an important part of the MEFANET’s content. Our focus is primarily on simulation-based tools for teaching and learning acute medicine issues.Methods
Three fundamental elements of the MEFANET e-publishing system are described: (1) medical disciplines linker, (2) authentication/authorization framework, and (3) multidimensional quality assessment. A new set of tools for technology-enhanced learning have been introduced recently: Sandbox (works in progress), WikiLectures (collaborative content authoring), Moodle-MEFANET (central learning management system), and Serious Games (virtual casuistics and interactive algorithms). The latest development in MEFANET is designed for indexing metadata about simulation-based learning objects, also known as electronic virtual patients or virtual clinical cases. The simulations assume the form of interactive algorithms for teaching and learning acute medicine. An anonymous questionnaire of 10 items was used to explore students’ attitudes and interests in using the interactive algorithms as part of their medical or health care studies. Data collection was conducted over 10 days in February 2013.Results
In total, 25 interactive algorithms in the Czech and English languages have been developed and published on the AKUTNE.CZ education portal to allow the users to test and improve their knowledge and skills in the field of acute medicine. In the feedback survey, 62 participants completed the online questionnaire (13.5%) from the total 460 addressed. Positive attitudes toward the interactive algorithms outnumbered negative trends.Conclusions
The peer-reviewed algorithms were used for conducting problem-based learning sessions in general medicine (first aid, anesthesiology and pain management, emergency medicine) and in nursing (emergency medicine for midwives, obstetric analgesia, and anesthesia for midwifes). The feedback from the survey suggests that the students found the interactive algorithms as effective learning tools, facilitating enhanced knowledge in the field of acute medicine. The interactive algorithms, as a software platform, are open to academic use worldwide. The existing algorithms, in the form of simulation-based learning objects, can be incorporated into any educational website (subject to the approval of the authors). 相似文献18.
Context:
Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been recommended as an educational strategy to improve students'' skill acquisition and supplement the role of the clinical instructor (CI). How frequently students actually engage in PAL in different settings is unknown.Objective:
To determine the perceived frequency of planned and unplanned PAL (peer modeling, peer feedback and assessment, peer mentoring) in different settings.Design:
Cross-sectional study.Setting:
Laboratory and collegiate clinical settings.Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 933 students, 84 administrators, and 208 CIs representing 52 (15%) accredited athletic training education programs.Intervention(s):
Three versions (student, CI, administrator) of the Athletic Training Peer Assisted Learning Survey (AT-PALS) were administered. Cronbach α values ranged from .80 to .90.Main Outcome Measure(s):
Administrators'' and CIs'' perceived frequency of 3 PAL categories under 2 conditions (planned, unplanned) and in 2 settings (instructional laboratory, collegiate clinical). Self-reported frequency of students'' engagement in 3 categories of PAL in 2 settings.Results:
Administrators and CIs perceived that unplanned PAL (0.39 ± 0.22) occurred more frequently than planned PAL (0.29 ± 0.19) regardless of category or setting (F1,282 = 83.48, P < .001). They perceived that PAL occurred more frequently in the collegiate clinical (0.46 ± 0.22) than laboratory (0.21 ± 0.24) setting regardless of condition or category (F1,282 = 217.17, P < .001). Students reported engaging in PAL more frequently in the collegiate clinical (3.31 ± 0.56) than laboratory (3.26 ± 0.62) setting regardless of category (F1,860 = 13.40, P < .001). We found a main effect for category (F2,859 = 1318.02, P < .001), with students reporting they engaged in peer modeling (4.01 ± 0.60) more frequently than peer mentoring (2.99 ± 0.88) (P < .001) and peer assessment and feedback (2.86 ± 0.64) (P < .001).Conclusions:
Participants perceived that students engage in unplanned PAL in the collegiate clinical setting with a stronger inclination toward engagement in peer modeling. Educators should develop planned PAL activities to capitalize on the inherent desire of the students to collaborate with their peers. 相似文献19.
Kirk J. Armstrong Thomas G. Weidner Stacy E. Walker 《Journal of Athletic Training》2009,44(6):630-638
Context:
Appropriate methods for evaluating clinical proficiencies are essential to ensuring entry-level competence in athletic training.Objective:
To identify the methods Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs) use to evaluate student performance of clinical proficiencies.Design:
Cross-sectional design.Setting:
Public and private institutions in National Athletic Trainers'' Association (NATA) District 4.Patients or Other Participants:
Approved Clinical Instructors from accredited athletic training education programs in the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers'' Association, which is NATA District 4 (N = 135).Data Collection and Analysis:
Participants completed a previously validated survey instrument, Methods of Clinical Proficiency Evaluation in Athletic Training, that consisted of 15 items, including demographic characteristics of the respondents and Likert-scale items (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) regarding methods of clinical proficiency evaluation, barriers, educational content areas, and clinical experience settings. We used analyses of variance and 2-tailed, independent-samples t tests to assess differences among ACI demographic characteristics and the methods, barriers, educational content areas, settings, and opportunities for feedback regarding clinical proficiency evaluation. Qualitative analysis of respondents'' comments was completed.Results:
The ACIs (n = 106 of 133 respondents, 79.7%) most often used simulations to evaluate clinical proficiencies. Only 59 (55.1%) of the 107 ACIs responding to a follow-up question reported that they feel students engage in a sufficient number of real-time evaluations to prepare them for entry-level practice. An independent-samples t test revealed that no particular clinical experience setting provided more opportunities than another for real-time evaluations (t119 range, −0.909 to 1.796, P ≥ .05). The occurrence of injuries not coinciding with the clinical proficiency evaluation timetable (4.00 ± 0.832) was a barrier to real-time evaluations. Respondents'' comments indicated much interest in opportunities and barriers regarding real-time clinical proficiency evaluations.Conclusions:
Most clinical proficiencies are evaluated via simulations. The ACIs should maximize real-time situations to evaluate students'' clinical proficiencies whenever feasible. Athletic training education program administrators should develop alternative methods of clinical proficiency evaluations. 相似文献20.
Mazerolle SM Ruiz RC Casa DJ Pagnotta KD Pinkus DE Armstrong LE Maresh CM 《Journal of Athletic Training》2011,46(5):523-532