Systematic Review of Guidelines for the Physical Management of Osteoarthritis

Objective

To undertake a systematic critical appraisal of guidelines to provide a summary of recommendations for the physical management of osteoarthritis (OA).

Data Sources

The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases were searched (2000–2013) to identify all guidelines, protocols, and recommendations for the management or treatment of OA. In addition, Internet searches of all relevant arthritis organizations were undertaken. All searches were performed between July 2012 and end of April 2013. Guidelines that included only pharmacological, injection therapy, or surgical interventions were excluded. Guidelines published only in English were retrieved.

Study Selection

OA guidelines developed from evidence-based research, consensus, and/or expert opinion were retrieved. There were no restrictions on severity or site of OA, sex, or age. Nineteen guidelines were identified for evaluation.

Data Extraction

The quality of all guidelines was critically appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation II instrument. Each guideline was independently reviewed. All relevant recommendations for the physical management of OA were synthesized, graded, and ranked according to available evidence.

Data Synthesis

Seventeen guidelines with recommendations on the physical management of OA met the inclusion criteria and underwent a full critical appraisal. There were variations in the interventions, levels of evidence, and strength of recommendations across the guidelines. Forty different interventions were identified. Recommendations were graded from “strongly recommended” to “unsupported.” Exercise and education were found to be strongly recommended by most guidelines.

Conclusions

Exercise and education were key recommendations supporting the importance of rehabilitation in the physical management of OA. This critical appraisal can assist health care providers who are involved in the management of people with OA.     

Exercises for hand osteoarthritis: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus recommendations

Background: Individuals with hand osteoarthritis (OA) often experience hand pain, joint stiffness and reduced grip strength, which affect performance of everyday functional tasks. There is a need to evaluate evidence-based rehabilitation strategies that aim to lessen the burden and improve the quality of life of people living with hand OA.

Objectives: Our objectives were to (1) identify guidelines and consensus recommendations on hand OA management to ascertain whether hand exercises are recommended as part of best practice; (2) identify the type and dosage of exercises recommended regarding frequency, intensity and duration and (3) provide a summary of exercise recommendations for the management of hand OA.

Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered on Prospero (CRD42018086440). Seven published databases and 20 grey literature sources were searched (January 1997–January2019). Quality assessment was conducted with the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and, using a narrative approach, evidence was synthesized based on the levels of evidence and strength of recommendations.

Results: Eight guidelines and consensus recommendations were identified and included. Evidence from seven guidelines was rated between fair to high quality. Five out of seven guidelines recommended exercises for the management of hand OA. Limited information on exercise dosage (frequency, intensity and duration) was reported. Three strong and two weak recommendations for using different hand exercises were proposed in this systematic review.

Conclusion: Available guidelines and consensus recommendations on hand OA recommend exercises as part of current best practice for hand OA management. There is strong evidence to support the recommendation of strengthening, stretching and joint mobility exercises for the management of the hand OA. These recommended exercises, however, lacked specific details regarding the type and dosage (frequency, intensity and time) for optimal uptake, which therefore need to be established through research.     

2019年《OARSI非手术治疗膝、髋及多关节骨关节炎临床实践指南》方法学解读和推荐意见阐释

2019年国际骨关节炎学会(osteoarthritis research society international,OARSI)发布的《非手术治疗膝、髋及多关节骨关节炎临床实践指南》涉及膝关节、髋关节及多关节骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)非手术治疗相关的多项干预措施。与国内的关节炎诊疗共识相比,OARSI制订的这部指南在方法学的选择和推荐意见的提出方面存在一定的优势且具有很好的代表性。因此,我们对该指南进行解读,以期达到最终目的:加强国内医师对OA非手术治疗的规范和理解;加强OA临床实践者对本指南制订方法学的理解,从而更好地结合推荐意见和证据开展临床实践和加快指南的实施;加快指南制订方法学在我国的传播,帮助临床工作者理解指南的内涵和价值;为制订基于我国现状的、涉及其他临床学科的临床实践指南提供方法学指引和参考。     

Ottawa panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for aerobic walking programs in the management of osteoarthritis

Loew L, Brosseau L, Wells GA, Tugwell P, Kenny GP, Reid R, Maetzel A, Huijbregts M, McCullough C, De Angelis G, Coyle D, and the Ottawa Panel. Ottawa Panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for aerobic walking programs in the management of osteoarthritis.ObjectiveTo update the Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (EBCPGs) on aerobic walking programs for the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.Data SourcesA literature search was conducted using the electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for all studies related to aerobic walking programs for OA from 1966 until February 2011.Study SelectionThe literature search found 719 potential records, and 10 full-text articles were included according to the selection criteria. The Ottawa Methods Group established the inclusion and exclusion criteria regarding the characteristics of the population, by selecting adults of 40 years old and older who were diagnosed with OA of the knee.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently extracted important information from each selected study using standardized data extraction forms, such as the interventions, comparisons, outcomes, time period of the effect measured, and study design. The statistical analysis was reported using the Cochrane collaboration methods. An improvement of 15% or more relative to a control group contributes to the achievement of a statistically significant and clinically relevant progress. A specific grading system for recommendations, created by the Ottawa Panel, used a level system (level I for randomized controlled studies and level II for nonrandomized articles). The strength of the evidence of the recommendations was graded using a system with letters: A, B, C+, C, D, D+, or D–.Data SynthesisEvidence from 7 high-quality studies demonstrated that facility, hospital, and home-based aerobic walking programs with other therapies are effective interventions in the shorter term for the management of patients with OA to improve stiffness, strength, mobility, and endurance.ConclusionsThe greatest improvements were found in pain, quality of life, and functional status (grades A, B, or C+). A common limitation inherent to the EBCPGs is the heterogeneity of studies included with regards to the characteristics of the population, the interventions, the comparators, the outcomes, the period of time, and the study design. It is strongly recommended to use the Cochrane Risk of Bias Summary assessment to evaluate the methodologic quality of the studies and to consider avenues for future research on how aerobic walking programs would be beneficial in the management of OA of the hip.     

Quality appraisal of guidelines on physical restraints in intensive care units: A systematic review

BackgroundGuidelines concerning the use of physical restraints in medical facilities have been published and amended over the years. However, the quality and suitability of these guidelines have not been appraised.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the suitability and quality of guidelines for the use of physical restraints in intensive care units with the AGREE-REX and AGREE Ⅱ instruments.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases (e.g., EMBASE), cross-database search platforms (e.g., Clinical Key), guideline web portals (e.g., Guidelines International Network) and society websites (e.g., Society of Critical Care Medicine) was conducted from January 2011 to December 2020. The methodological quality was assessed using AGREE Ⅱ, and the recommendation quality and suitability were assessed using AGREE-REX instruments.ResultsA total of eight guidelines were included. The criteria for overall quality and suitability of guidelines for the use of physical restraints were met by 50–72% and 59–76%, respectively. The “Values and Preferences” domain had the lowest score (38% ± 9%). The criteria for methodological quality of the guidelines were met by 50–83%. Two domains, “Applicability” and “Editorial Independence”, achieved lower scores. There was a strong, positive correlation between the overall methodological quality of guidelines and the overall quality of recommendations (r = 0.968).ConclusionThere is a potential feasibility of guideline adaptation for the management of physical restraints. In order to implement a physical restraint guideline, the following aspects should be considered: (i) minimize the use of physical restraints, (ii) analyze barriers and facilitators relative to the local context, (iii) consider any specifications, and (iv) modify recommendations to local situation or individual conditions of the patient.     

Conflict between guideline methodologic quality and recommendation validity: a potential problem for practitioners

BACKGROUND: It is not clear if good methodologic quality in current practice guidelines necessarily leads to more valid recommendations, i.e., those that are supported with consistent research evidence or, when evidence is conflicting or lacking, with sufficient consensus among the guideline development team. To help clarify this issue, we assessed whether there is a link between methodologic quality and recommendation validity in practice guidelines for the use of laboratory tests in the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of data on laboratory tests in NSCLC published in English or in French within the last 10 years and retrieved 11 practice guidelines for the use of these tests. The guidelines were critically appraised and scored for methodologic quality and recommendation validity based on the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) criteria and on the systematic review. RESULTS: Overall, these 11 guidelines had considerable shortcomings in methodologic quality and, to a lesser extent, in recommendation validity. Practice guidelines with the best methodologic quality were not necessarily the most valid in their recommendations, and conversely. CONCLUSIONS: Poor methodologic quality and lack of recommendation validity in laboratory medicine call for methodologic standards of guideline development and for international collaboration of guideline development agencies. We advise readers of guidelines to critically evaluate the methods used as well as the content of the recommendations before adopting them for use in practice.     

The 2012 AHS/AAN guidelines for prevention of episodic migraine: a summary and comparison with other recent clinical practice guidelines

Background.— Updated guidelines for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine have been issued by the American Headache Society (AHS) and the American Academy of Neurology (AAN). We summarize key 2012 guideline recommendations and changes from previous guidelines. We review the characteristics, methods, consistency, and quality of the AHS/AAN guidelines in comparison with recently issued guidelines from other specialty societies. Methods.— To accomplish this, we reviewed the AHS/AAN guidelines and identified comparable recent guidelines through a systematic MEDLINE search. We extracted key data, and summarized and compared the key recommendations and assessed quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation‐II (AGREE‐II) tool. We identified 2 additional recent guidelines for migraine prevention from the Canadian Headache Society and the European Federation of Neurological Societies. All of the guidelines used structured methods to locate evidence and linked recommendations with assessment of the evidence, but they varied in the methods used to derive recommendations from that evidence. Results.— Overall, the 3 guidelines were consistent in their recommendations of treatments for first‐line use. All rated topiramate, divalproex/sodium valproate, propranolol, and metoprolol as having the highest level of evidence. In contrast, recommendations diverged substantially for gabapentin and feverfew. The overall quality of the guidelines ranged from 2 to 6 out of 7 on the AGREE‐II tool. Conclusion.— The AHS/AAN and Canadian guidelines are recommended for use on the basis of the AGREE‐II quality assessment. Recommendations for the future development of clinical practice guidelines in migraine are provided. In particular, efforts should be made to ensure that guidelines are regularly updated and that guideline developers strive to locate and incorporate unpublished clinical trial evidence.     

Using the evidence to decision frameworks to formulate the direction and strength of recommendations for adapted guidelines of physical restraints in critical care: A Delphi study

BackgroundIt has been shown that the use of physical restraints has negative physiological and psychological impacts on critically ill patients. The development of clinical practice guidelines is necessary for minimizing the use of physical restraints.ObjectiveAs part of a guideline adaptation project, this study aimed to formulate the direction and strength of recommendations for adapted guidelines of physical restraints in critical care.MethodsLiterature retrieval of guidelines and systematic reviews was performed and guideline steering committee discussions were conducted to develop an inquiry questionnaire. From February to April 2022, a two-round study, including 27 multidisciplinary experts, was conducted using the evidence to decision frameworks and Delphi methods.ResultsThe 27 experts were from 22 of the 33 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions of mainland China. For the first and second questionnaires, the recovery rates were 85.7% and 100%, respectively. In the first and second rounds, the average authoritative coefficients were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. Regarding Kendall W values, the values were 0.555 and 0.120, respectively. A consensus was reached on 15 recommendations, including one strong recommendation, seven conditional recommendations and seven good practice statements.ConclusionIn the two rounds of consultations, a consensus was reached on 15 recommendations for the adapted physical restraint guidelines in critical care through the evidence to decision frameworks and Delphi methods. Recommendations in the adapted physical restraint guidelines are related to institutional and educational interventions, risk assessment, the management of patients’ unsafe behaviours, pain, mechanical ventilation, sleep, family engagement, mobility, sedation, and delirium.Implications for Clinical PracticeBased on our recommendations, we suggest nurses develop a physical restraint education bundle.     

基于GRADE康复临床实践指南证据质量与推荐强度研究

目的 分析康复临床实践指南的GRADE结果。方法 在PubMed、EMBASE、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和万方等数据库以及指南相关网站检索康复医学临床指南,检索时限均为建库至2020年1月11日。由2名研究员独立筛选采用GRADE系统的指南,并对GRADE分级结果进行提取分析。结果 共纳入康复临床实践指南83篇,其中46篇(55.4%)应用分级系统,采用GRADE分级系统的指南仅4篇(4.8%),包含44条推荐意见,其中39条(88.6%)具有明确的证据质量。在推荐意见所引用证据中,低质量证据最多(34.1%);在推荐意见中,弱推荐较多(56.8%)。强推荐支持证据的质量高于弱推荐(χ² = 8.218, P < 0.05)。 结论 康复临床实践指南对GRADE分级系统的应用仍待提高。建议指南制订者进一步掌握指南和GRADE方法学,更有效地改善康复临床实践指南的可靠性和应用性。     

脑卒中康复临床实践指南推荐意见研究

目的 分析国内外脑卒中康复临床实践指南的推荐意见内容,为脑卒中康复临床实践指南的制订和使用人员提供参考和建议。方法 系统检索PubMed、EMBASE、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库及指南相关网站,时间为从建库之日起至2020年1月,搜集国内外脑卒中康复临床实践指南,参照世界卫生组织指南制订手册(第二版)的流程,对国内外脑卒中康复临床实践指南主要关注的康复内容、推荐意见是否基于证据、基于证据的类型及证据分级范围进行分析。结果 共纳入12篇脑卒中康复临床实践指南,其中中文1篇,英文11篇。制订国家包括美国(3篇)、英国(3篇)、加拿大(3篇)、澳大利亚(2篇)和中国(1篇),发表时间为2005年9月至2019年2月。脑卒中康复临床实践指南中质量评价采用指南研究与评价(AGREE)的有3篇(25.0%),分级系统采用GRADE的有2篇(16.7%)。指南推荐意见内容涉及领域有:认知功能障碍4个维度,推荐最多为认知功能的评估(7篇,66.7%);言语及吞咽功能障碍5个维度,推荐最多为吞咽相关并发症(10篇,83.3%);运动功能障碍6个维度,推荐最多为对痉挛的治疗(10篇,83.3%);心理及行为功能障碍4个维度,推荐最多为评估(6篇,50.0%)。4个领域推荐意见中基于的证据类型不一,多为观察性研究和/或随机对照试验。结论 推荐意见基于的证据类型和推荐强度分级不尽相同。建议脑卒中康复临床实践指南制订应该参照世界卫生组织指南制订手册的方法和流程规范推荐意见的撰写,提高康复指南的整体质量和可实施性,并进一步提高康复的质量和安全性。     

Systematic Review of Clinical Guidelines Related to Care of Individuals With Cerebral Palsy as Part of the World Health Organization Efforts to Develop a Global Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation

ObjectiveThe World Health Organization’s (WHO) Rehabilitation 2030 initiative is working to develop a set of evidence-based interventions selected from clinical practice guidelines for Universal Health Coverage. As an initial step, the WHO Rehabilitation Programme and Cochrane Rehabilitation convened global content experts to conduct systematic reviews of clinical practice guidelines for 20 chronic health conditions, including cerebral palsy.Data SourcesSix scientific databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL), Google Scholar, guideline databases, and professional society websites were searched.Study SelectionA search strategy was implemented to identify clinical practice guidelines for cerebral palsy across the lifespan published within 10 years in English. Standardized spreadsheets were provided for process documentation, data entry, and tabulation of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool. Each step was completed by 2 or more group members, with disagreements resolved by discussion. Initially, 13 guidelines were identified. Five did not meet the AGREE II established threshold or criteria for inclusion. Further review by the WHO eliminated 3 more, resulting in 5 remaining guidelines.Data ExtractionAll 339 recommendations from the 5 final guidelines, with type (assessment, intervention, or service), strength, and quality of evidence, were extracted, and an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Functioning (ICF) category was assigned to each.Data SynthesisMost guidelines addressed mobility functions, with comorbid conditions and lifespan considerations also included. However, most were at the level of body functions. No guideline focused specifically on physical or occupational therapies to improve activity and participation, despite their prevalence in rehabilitation.ConclusionsDespite the great need for high quality guidelines, this review demonstrated the limited number and range of interventions and lack of explicit use of the ICF during development of guidelines identified here. A lack of guidelines, however, does not necessarily indicate a lack of evidence. Further evidence review and development based on identified gaps and stakeholder priorities are needed.     

Sleep promotion for hospitalised children: Developing an evidence-based guideline for nurses

BackgroundAdequate sleep in hospitalised children is important for a variety of physiological and psychological processes associated with growth, development, and recovery from illness and injury. Hospitalisation often prioritises clinical care activities at the expense of age-appropriate sleep. Nurses and the wider healthcare team contribute to this paradox. However, through conscious practice and partnering with mothers, nurses are able to enact change and promote sleep.ObjectivesTo adopt, adapt or contextualise existing guidelines to develop an evidence-based practice guideline to promote sleep-friendly ward environments and routines facilitated by nurses, and in partnership with mothers.MethodA six-step methodology for guideline adaptation was followed, as recommended by the South African Guidelines Excellence project: (1) existing guidelines and protocols were identified and (2) appraised using the AGREE II instrument; (3) an evidence base was developed; (4) recommendations were modified, (5) assigned levels of evidence and grades of recommendation; and (6) end user guidance was developed. Expert consultation was sought throughout.ResultsExisting relevant guidance comprised 61 adult-centric recommendations. Modification of the evidence base led to six composited recommendations that facilitate sleep in hospitalised children: (1) prioritising patient safety; (2) collaborating with the mother or caregiver to promote sleep; (3) coordinating ward routine and (4) environment to improve sleep; (5) work with clinical and non-clinical staff; and (6) performing basic sleep assessments. Practice recommendations were aligned to the South African regulatory framework for nursing.ConclusionHospitalisation is a time of physiological and psychological dysregulation for children, which is amplified by poor sleep in a hospital. Nurses have the opportunity to promote sleep during hospitalisation by implementing this African-centric guideline in partnership with mothers.     

中国全膝关节置换术围手术期疼痛管理指南(2022)

全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)是目前治疗终末期膝关节疾病的主要方法。TKA术后常伴有中度至重度的疼痛,严重影响患者术后康复、患者满意度和总体疗效。多模式镇痛被认为是缓解TKA术后疼痛的理想方案。目前尚无TKA围手术期疼痛管理指南。经中华医学会骨科学分会关节外科学组、北京医学会骨科专业委员会关节外科学组批准及专家讨论,采用推荐意见的分级评估、制定及评价方法及国际实践指南报告规范,遴选出最为关注的20个临床问题,通过证据检索、证据质量评价及确立推荐意见和强度,采用德尔菲法进行4轮函询,最终形成20条推荐意见。本指南的制定旨在提高TKA围手术期疼痛管理的规范化和标准化。     

Does preoperative physiotherapy improve postoperative,patient-based outcomes in older adults who have undergone total knee arthroplasty? A systematic review

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability in older adults (≥60) in the UK. If nonsurgical management fails and if OA severity becomes too great, knee arthroplasty is a preferred treatment choice. Preoperative physiotherapy is often offered as part of rehabilitation to improve postoperative patient-based outcomes. Objectives: Systematically review whether preoperative physiotherapy improves postoperative, patient-based outcomes in older adults who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and compare study interventions to best-practice guidelines. Method: A literature search of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), published April 2004–April 2014, was performed across six databases. Individual studies were evaluated for quality using the PEDro Scale. Results: Ten RCTs met the full inclusion/exclusion criteria. RCTs compared control groups versus: preoperative exercise (n = 5); combined exercise and education (n = 2); combined exercise and acupuncture (n = 1); neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES; n = 1); and acupuncture versus exercise (n = 1). RCTs recorded many patient-based outcomes including knee strength, ambulation, and pain. Minimal evidence is presented that preoperative physiotherapy is more effective than no physiotherapy or usual care. PEDro Scale and critical appraisal highlighted substantial methodological quality issues within the RCTs. Conclusion: There is insufficient quality evidence to support the efficacy of preoperative physiotherapy in older adults who undergo total knee arthroplasty.     

A systematic review and critical appraisal of guidelines and their recommendations for sedation interruptions in adult mechanically ventilated patients

ObjectiveThe objectives of the review were to (i) assess the methodological quality of all accessible and published guidelines and care bundles that offer a recommendation related to sedation interruptions, using the AGREE-II instrument, to (ii) determine what is the recommended best practice for sedation interruptions from the available guidelines, and then to have (iii) a closer inspection of the overall credibility and applicability of the recommendations using the AGREE-REX instrument. This review will benefit the outcomes of critically ill patients and the multidisciplinary team responsible for the care of mechanically ventilated adults with continuous medication infusions by providing a synthesis of the recommended action(s), actor(s), contextual information, target(s), and timing related to sedation interruptions from current best practice.Review method usedWe conducted a systematic review.Data sourcesWe applied a peer-reviewed search strategy to four electronic databases from 2010 to November 2021—MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews—and included grey literature.Review methodFindings are reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses checklist. We assessed overall quality using the validated Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II and AGREE Recommendation Excellence tools.ResultsWe identified 11 clinical practice guidelines and care bundles comprising 15 recommendations related to sedation interruption. There are three key findings: (i) deficiencies exist with the methodological quality of included guidelines, (ii) sedation interruption is recommended practice for the care of adult mechanically ventilated patients, and (iii) the current evidence is of low quality, which impacts overall credibility and applicability of the recommendations.ConclusionsSedation interruptions are currently best practice for adult mechanically ventilated patients; however, the available guidelines and recommendations have several deficiencies. Future research is needed to further understand the role of the nurse and other actors to enact this practice.     

Systematic review of guidelines for the management of suspected lung cancer in primary care

Objective

To systematically review the literature and provide an update and integration of existing peer-reviewed guidelines with recent systematic reviews and with primary studies related to the early recognition and management of lung cancer in primary care.

Data sources

MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for relevant articles. The quality of the evidence to support existing guideline recommendations, and the consistency of recommendations with updated evidence, were assessed. Applicability in a Canadian primary care setting was also evaluated.

Study selection

All studies that explored signs or symptoms of or risk factors for lung cancer in the primary care setting were included. All diagnostic studies in which symptomatic primary care patients underwent 1 or more investigations were also searched.

Synthesis

Recommendations were consistent among guidelines despite a paucity of supporting evidence. Updated evidence provided further support for the recommendations. Recommendations for identifying signs and symptoms of lung cancer presenting in primary care and for initial management can be adopted and applied within a Canadian primary care setting.

Conclusion

This updated review of recommendations might help promote evidence-based practice and, ultimately, more timely management and improved prognosis for lung cancer patients. It might also assist in the development of lung cancer diagnostic assessment programs.     

2019年期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南文献调查与评价——证据质量和推荐强度

目的调查2019年期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南证据质量和/或推荐强度分级现状,以期为指南制订者合理应用证据质量和推荐强度分级方法提供参考。方法系统检索并筛选2019年期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南,纳入对推荐意见进行证据质量和/或推荐强度分级的指南。提取证据质量和推荐强度的分级方法、分级描述和表述内容等信息。结果 2019年期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南共226篇,其中106篇(46.9%)(中文87篇,英文19篇)纳入本研究。采用的分级方法共18种,其中推荐意见分级评价、制订与评估(Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, GRADE)分级系统应用最多(35.8%,38/106);采用的分级描述共6种,证据质量分级描述多采用字母(39.6%,42/106),推荐强度分级描述多采用文字(34.9%,37/106)。采用文字描述推荐强度的指南中,最常使用的词语是"可以"。38篇指南采用GRADE分级,仅15篇按照GRADE工作组要求规范呈现分级标准及内容,共包含250条分级明确的推荐意见,60.4%(151/250)为强推荐,44.8%(112/250)的推荐意见引用低或极低质量证据,38.4%(96/250)的推荐意见采用系统评价作为证据支持。结论 2019年期刊公开发表的中国指南分级系统使用率较低,且分级方法使用仍不完整、不统一、不规范。GRADE分级系统使用率低,仅极少数指南按照GRADE工作组要求规范呈现分级标准及内容。推荐使用GRADE分级系统,促进指南推荐意见的科学、透明与合理制订。     

2019年期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南文献调查与评价——引文分析

  目的  调查2019年期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南推荐意见的证据引用现状,为合理利用研究证据支撑指南推荐意见提供参考。  方法  系统检索并筛选2019年期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南,纳入有明确推荐意见、证据质量分级和相应分级说明的指南,提取指南推荐意见的引文信息并对其进行分析。  结果  共纳入指南31篇(中文29篇,英文2篇),包含568条推荐意见(平均每篇指南包含18条推荐意见)和3126篇引文,其中2541条引文作为证据在指南推荐意见说明中呈现(此类引文,下文简称“证据”)。平均每篇指南引用82篇证据,平均每条推荐意见引用4篇证据。证据来源位居前3位的国家依次为中国(28.8%)、美国(25.9%)和英国(7.0%)。发表于近5年的证据仅占比39.2%(995/2541)。证据文献类型主要为随机对照试验(26.9%),系统评价仅占比12.0%。  结论  2019年期刊公开发表的中国指南,存在未明确列出推荐意见及对支撑推荐意见的证据引用不全面、实效性差等问题。指南制订者应合理利用当前可得的研究证据,进一步提高我国临床实践指南的制订质量。