不同术式食管癌根治术前后患者肺功能情况研究

目的 探讨食管癌根治术后病人肺功能的改变以及不同术式对肺功能影响程度的差异.方法 自2003年至2005年45例食管癌根治手术治疗的患者按不同术式进行分组,22例经左后外侧开胸食管癌切除行食管胃胸内吻合术(左后外侧切口组),23例经右前外侧开胸行食管胃颈部吻合术(右前外侧切口组).测定术前、术后1个月及术后3个月肺功能情况,对两组的肺功能检查结果进行分析.结果 45例病人术后未发生肺部并发症,术后均有不同程度肺功能下降,经左后外侧切口组术后肺活量(VC%)、时间肺活量(FVC%)、第一秒用力肺活量(FEVI%)及最大通气量(MVV%)显著低于经右前外侧切口组(P＜0.05).结论 食管癌切除术后患者均有不同程度肺功能下降,经右前外侧切口开胸根治食管癌对肺功能影响程度低于左后外侧切口.     

深吸气训练在COPD患者开胸术后的临床应用

目的探讨应用深吸气训练降低慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者开胸术后肺部并发症发生率的可行性。方法将62例合并COPD行开胸手术的患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组予以常规雾化吸入、物理排痰等治疗;观察组在对照组的基础上术后应用呼吸训练器进行深吸气训练。对比观察2组术后肺部并发症发生率、预后,以及术前、术后1~5 d深吸气量的变化。结果观察组肺部并发症发生率及ICU停留时间显著低于对照组,其术后3~5 d的深吸气量显著高于对照组。结论术后进行深吸气训练可显著降低COPD患者围手术期肺部并发症发生率,并促进肺功能的恢复。     

负压封闭引流技术应用于坏死性筋膜炎术后创面修复的疗效研究

目的探讨负压封闭引流(VSD)技术对坏死性筋膜炎术后创面修复的治疗效果。 方法选取哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院普外科2013年1月至2018年1月收治的符合入组标准的坏死性筋膜炎患者50例,按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组各25例,治疗组采用VSD技术治疗,对照组采用常规换药、清创、冲洗、引流。分别记录两组患者术后当日及术后5、10、15 d的创面愈合率、肉芽组织评分、视觉模拟评分(VAS)等各项指标以及患者总住院时间、住院期间更换敷料次数及平均间隔时间等。对数据行配对样本t检验、独立样本t检验。 结果两组患者术后当日创面肉芽组织评分、疼痛评分差异均无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)。术后5、10、15 d,治疗组平均创面愈合率分别高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t＝10.184、10.498、11.523,P值均小于0.05);治疗组平均肉芽组织评分分别优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t＝－4.925、－6.039、－6.647,P值均小于0.05);治疗组VAS评分分别低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t＝－2.918、－3.540、－2.402,P值均小于0.05)。治疗组患者总住院时间为(19.4±17.1) d,对照组为(42.4±13.5) d,差异有统计学意义(t＝－5.275,P＝0.00048)。住院期间治疗组平均更换敷料(2.08±1.75)次,平均间隔(9.56±1.60) d;对照组平均更换敷料(20.16±6.63)次,平均间隔(2.11±0.06)d,差异均有统计学意义(t＝－13.179、23.322,P值均小于0.05)。 结论对比常规的换药方式,VSD技术具有创面愈合更快,肉芽组织更新鲜,疼痛更轻等特点,同时明显缩短患者住院时间,降低更换敷料次数及频率,提高了患者生活质量及医师工作效率,值得在坏死性筋膜炎术后的创面修复中进一步推广应用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者年龄及体质量指数与肺功能的关系

目的：揭示慢性阻塞性肺疾病发作期患者体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、年龄与肺功能的关系。方法：选择慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,测量其体质量及身高并检测其肺功能。比较营养不良组（BMI＜18.5）、正常组（18.5≤BMI＜24）、超重组（24≤BMI＜28）、肥胖组（BMI≥28）患者肺功能之间的关系;同时将患者分为老年组（年龄≥65岁）和非老年组（年龄≤64岁）,同样方法比较这两组患者的肺功能状态;检测BMI和年龄与肺功能之间的相关性。结果：营养不良组和正常组、超重组、肥胖组相比,第1秒用力呼气量占预计值的百分比（forced expiratory volume in on second, FEV1%）均存在统计学意义（P＜0.01）;正常组和超重组、肥胖组相比,FEV1%差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;超重组和肥胖组相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。营养不良组与超重组、肥胖组相比,FEV1/用力肺活量（forced vital capacity, FVC）的比值差异均存在统计学意义（P＜0.01）;正常组和超重组、肥胖组相比,FEV1/FVC的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。FEV1%老年组与非老年组相比,差异有统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而FEV1/FVC老年组与非老年组相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;FEV1%和BMI呈正相关（r=0.22, P＜0.01）、FEV1/FVC和BMI呈正相关（r=0.29,P＜0.01）,年龄和FEV1%无显著相关性（r=-0.12,P＞0.05）,而年龄和FEV1/FVC呈负相关（r=-0.17, P＜0.05）。结论：慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者FEV1/FVC与患者的体质量指数和年龄均存在相关性,而体质量指数对FEV1%的影响不及对FEV1/FVC的影响,年龄对FEV1%的影响不大。     

Effect of mechanical bowel preparation with polyethyleneglycol on bacterial contamination and wound infection in patients undergoing elective open colon surgery

Mechanical bowel preparation is common practice in elective colon surgery. In order to verify the effect of mechanical bowel preparation on the colonic flora, this study followed 185 patients undergoing elective open colon surgery, 90 of whom were assigned randomly to receive mechanical bowel preparation with polyethyleneglycol. Swabs of the anastomosis and the subcutis were taken during surgery. Further swabs were taken of any subsequent wound infections. Mechanical bowel preparation did not reduce contamination of the peritoneal cavity or the subcutis during surgery, and there appeared to be more sterile subcutaneous swabs in the control group.     

不同镇痛方式在开胸术后的镇痛效果及对肺功能影响

目的观察不同镇痛方式在开胸手术后的镇痛效果及其对肺功能的影响。方法39例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,在硬膜外复合全身麻醉下行侧开胸手术的病人,术后随机接受罗哌卡因(罗哌组,n=10)、甲磺酸罗哌卡因(甲罗组,n=10)和布比卡因(布比组,n=10)硬膜外镇痛(patient controlled epidural analgesia,PCEA)及吗啡(吗啡组,n=9)静脉镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)。结果术后1、2、5d静息时的疼痛评分罗哌组和甲罗组均明显低于布比组,但与吗啡组相比无明显差异;术后1d静息时疼痛评分吗啡组也明显低于布比组,但术后2、5d两组间无明显差异。术后1、2、5d咳嗽时疼痛评分罗哌组均明显低于布比组和吗啡组;各时间咳嗽时疼痛评分布比组和吗啡组之间无明显差异。术后1、2dPaCO2罗哌组均明显低于布比组,术后1dPaCO2罗哌组也明显低于布比组;术后1、2dPaCO2罗哌组均明显高于吗啡组,但与布比组之间无明显差异。术后1、2、5d用力肺活量和呼吸峰流速四组间无明显差异。结论罗哌卡因和甲磺酸罗哌卡因加舒芬太尼可安全用于开胸手术后硬膜外镇痛,其镇痛效果优于布比卡因加芬太尼硬膜外镇痛和吗啡静脉镇痛,并使术后病人维持更好的呼吸功能,且不增加副作用的发生率。     

螺旋断层放疗在胸下段食管癌治疗中的应用效果及对患者心肺功能的影响

目的：探讨并分析螺旋断层放疗系统(TOMO)在胸下段食管癌治疗中的应用效果及对患者心肺功能的影响。方法：前瞻性选取2016年6月～2020年6月在四川省肿瘤医院确诊并收治的胸下段食管癌患者105例,采用简单随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=53)和对照组(n=52)。对照组患者给予医科达容积调强放疗(VMAT),观察组患者给予TOMO放疗。比较两组食管癌患者临床疗效、靶区剂量学参数和心功能参数。放疗后1年进行随访,记录两组患者生存率和肿瘤复发率。结果：观察组患者临床总有效率为62.26%,显著高于对照组的40.38%(P<0.05);观察组GTV、PTV的D₂、D₅₀、HI均低于对照组,CI高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组左肺、右肺和双肺V₅和D_mean均高于对照组(P<0.05),V₃₀均低于对照组(P<0.05),两组V₂₀比较无显著差异(P>0.05);放疗后,两组患者血清肌钙蛋白和脑钠肽水平均升高,但观...     

老年支气管哮喘急性发作诱因分析及肺功能变化

目的探讨老年支气管哮喘患者急性发作的诱发因素及肺功能变化。方法筛选2008年1月至2010年12月典型的老年支气管哮喘急性发作患者88例（年龄60～78岁）,采用问卷调查方式,以非条件Logistic回归法分析其诱发因素;常规治疗前后测定肺功能。结果88例老年患者均按要求完成问卷。非条件logistic回归分析显示周围环境空气污染（如使用煤球烹饪等）、吸烟、每日吸烟支数、受教育程度、近期呼吸系统感染与支气管哮喘具有明显相关性（r=0．378～0．489,P〈0．05）。治疗前后第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、FEV1／预计值、肺内气体最大呼出流速（PEF）的比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论诱发老年支气管哮喘急性发作的因素较多,医护人员应对相关人群进行健康教育。老年支气管哮喘急性发作期患者肺功能受损,进行常规治疗,疗效良好。     

Impact of visceral adiposity measured by abdominal computed tomography on pulmonary function

Although an inverse relationship between abdominal adiposity and pulmonary function has been suggested, direct measurement of abdominal adipose tissue has rarely been attempted. Our object is to determine the impact of abdominal adiposity on pulmonary function by directly measuring abdominal adipose tissue with abdominal computed tomography (CT). In this cross-sectional study, we included never-smokers between the ages of 18 and 85 yr, who had undergone spirometry and abdominal adipose tissue analysis with CT scans during November 1, 2005 to October 31, 2009 as part of the comprehensive health examination. Among a total of 3,469 participants, 890 (25.7%) were male. The mean body mass index and waist circumference among males and females were 24.6 kg/m(2) and 87.8 cm and 23.0 kg/m(2) and 83.0 cm, respectively. Although total adipose tissue (TAT) of the abdomen in males (269.1 cm(2)) was similar to that in females (273.6 cm(2)), the ratio of visceral adipose tissue (VAT)/subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was different; 0.99 in males and 0.50 in females. In males, TAT, SAT, and VAT were inversely associated with the absolute value of forced vital capacity (FVC), and TAT and VAT were inversely associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)). However, in females, TAT and VAT, but not SAT, were inversely associated with absolute FVC and FEV(1) values. In conclusion, the amount of abdominal adipose tissue directly measured using CT is inversely associated with lung function.     

Safety and cardiovascular behavior during pulmonary function in patients with Marfan syndrome

Cipriano GFB, Peres PAT, Cipriano G Jr, Arena R, Carvalho AC. Safety and cardiovascular behavior during pulmonary function in patients with Marfan syndrome. Marfan syndrome (MS) is a dominant autosomal connective tissue disease that impacts multiple systems, such as the cardiovascular system, tissue viscoelastic properties, bone calcification matrix and, most specific to the present investigation, pulmonary parenchyma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pulmonary function (PF) in patients with MS and relate it to thoracic cage abnormalities (TCA) and the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias during the spirometric exam (SE). A sample of 75 subjects (46 with MS) underwent clinical, anthropometric, echocardiographic, radiographic and PF evaluation; 51 subjects (33 with MS) had their electrocardiogram (ECG) information evaluated during PF. These individuals were matched and compared with a healthy control group (CG). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV) in the first second (FEV₁) in the patients with MS were significantly lower in comparison with the CG (p = 0.012 and 0.0006) and predicted values (p = 0.04 and 0.003). Subgroup analysis based on TCA revealed differences between patients with MS with two combined abnormalities (scoliosis + pectus) in comparison with both the CG (p = 0.012 and 0.002) and patients without abnormalities (p = 0.05 and 0.006). There were no differences regarding the occurrence of arrhythmia during exertion on the SE. There was a correlation between clinical history, cardiovascular behavior and PF. PF is reduced in patients with MS, and deformities in the thoracic cage appear to contribute to this reduction. Despite the apparent structural alterations in the cardiovascular system in this population, exertion during the SE appears to be safe.     

Causes and prevalence of inadequate pulmonary function testing among patients with systemic sclerosis

Introduction

Spirometry is a screening tool for evaluating the degree of restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Observations indicated that some patients could not complete the test. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence, causes and clinical predictors of an inadequate pulmonary function test (PFT) in SSc.

Material and methods

A cross-sectional study was performed among SSc patients over 18 years old followed up at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand, during January 2006–December 2012. The adequacy of the PFT was based on the acceptable blow criteria as set out by the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society 2005 Standardizations of Spirometry.

Results

Two hundred and forty-nine patients were included (female to male ratio was 2 : 1). The mean age at performing PFT was 51.4 ±11.1 years (range: 19.6–79.5). Median duration of disease at performing PFT was 2 years (IQR: 0.6–4.4). Inadequate PFT occurred in 73 cases (prevalence 29.3%: 95% CI: 23.6–35.0); the majority (60 cases; 82.2%) had an expiration time < 6 s and the others were due to plateau < 1 s (11 cases; 15%), air leak around mouth piece (1 case; 1.4%) and hesitation (1 case; 1.4%). Thirteen of 73 (17.8%) had an unusable graph with the overall prevalence of 5.2% (95% CI: 2.4–8.0). The factor associated with inadequate PFT was docy mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m² (OR = 2.17: 95% CI: 1.49–3.17); the same factor was associated with an unusable graph, which was confirmed by the multivariate analysis (OR = 5.21; 95% CI: 1.60–16.95).

Conclusions

One-third of Thai SSc patients had an inadequate pulmonary function test – the majority because of inadequate time for expiring. Low BMI influenced the effectiveness of the test, leading to an incomplete graph for evaluating lung disease in SSc.     

应用肺功能指标对南极冰穹A预选队员进行低氧易感筛查

目的 观察中国南极冰穹A考察预选队员肺功能随海拔增高的变化,分析其变化与急性高原反应之间的相关性,为选拔合格的考察队员提供参考.方法 采用Scope Rotary便携式肺功能仪和焦虑(SAS)、抑郁(SDS)自评量表跟踪检测35名预选队员的肺功能和焦虑、抑郁得分,用急性高原反应(AMS)症状分度和评分问卷把队员分成有和...     

五禽戏锻炼对出院过渡期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及运动耐量的影响

目的:观察五禽戏锻炼对出院过渡期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者肺功能及运动耐量的临床改善效果.方法:选择2015年1至12月在佛山市南海区第四人民医院治疗随访的COPD患者,随机分为五禽戏组和对照组,对照组给予常规的随访管理及运动锻炼,五禽戏组在此基础上实施五禽戏锻炼,锻炼共持续3个月,比较两组干预前后的肺功能及运动耐量.结果:干预后五禽戏组的第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1％pred)依次为1.55 L,55.31％和55.08％,明显高于干预前的1.33 L,40.17％和43.03％及干预后对照组的1.25 L,43.55％和44.61％,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在运动耐量方面,干预后五禽戏组的6 min步行距离(6min walk distance,6MWD)、达到无氧阈(anaerobic threshold,AT)时的运动时间及最大摄氧量依次为417.56 m,418.25 s及19.53 mL/(min.kg),明显高于干预前的332.67 m,337.14 s和15.53 mL/(min.kg)及干预后对照组的350.78 m,328.03 s和14.44 mL/(min.kg),差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);同时结果还显示,对照组在FEV1/FVC及6MWD的改善差异也具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:实施五禽戏锻炼有利于改善出院过渡期COPD患者的运动耐量及肺功能状态,对于提升其康复效果具有积极的推动作用.     

结核性胸膜炎合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者免疫功能的变化及意义

目的 通过观察T淋巴细胞亚群、B细胞、NK细胞活性来探讨结核性胸膜炎合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者免疫功能变化.方法 采用流式细胞术分别测定45例结核性胸膜炎合并COPD患者(研究组)、45例COPD患者(COPD对照组)和45例健康体检者(健康对照组)外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞水平.结果 研究组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、B细胞和NK细胞表达率降低,与健康对照组差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);COPD对照组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、B细胞和NK细胞表达率与健康对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组与COPD对照组的差异无统计学意义.结论 结核性胸膜炎合并COPD患者免疫功能明显低于正常健康人群,增强免疫治疗非常必要.     

Influence of infiltration anaesthesia on perioperative outcomes following lumbar discectomy under surgical pleth index-guided general anaesthesia: A preliminary report from a randomised controlled prospective trial

PurposeSevere postoperative pain (SPP) may occur after lumbar discectomy. To prevent SPP and reduce rescue opioid consumption, infiltration anaesthesia (IA) has been combined with general anaesthesia (GA). This study verified how GA combined with IA facilitated intra- and postoperative demand for opioids and affected the incidence of SPP in patients subjected to open lumbar discectomy.Materials/methodsNinety-nine patients undergoing lumbar discectomy under GA with Surgical Pleth Index (SPI)-guided fentanyl (FNT) administration were randomly assigned to receive IA combined with either 0.2% bupivacaine (BPV) or 0.2% ropivacaine (RPV) with FNT 50 μg and compared with controls (BF, RF, and C groups, respectively).ResultsNinety-four patients were included in the final analysis. Adjusted according to SPI, total intraoperative FNT dosages did not differ between the study groups (p = 0.23). The proportion of patients who reported SPP was the highest in group C (41.9%) than in the RF (12.9%) and BF groups (31.3%) (p < 0.05). Mild pain was experienced by 67.7%, 53.1% and 32.3% of patients from the RF, BF and C groups, respectively (p < 0.01). Morphine requirement was the highest in the control group (7.1 ± 5.9 mg), followed by the RF (2.7 ± 5.3 mg) and BF groups (4 ± 4.9 mg) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIA using RPV/FNT mixture significantly reduced SPP and postoperative demand for morphine in patients subjected to lumbar discectomy under GA.     

高渗盐水对手术伤口愈合的影响及其免疫机理的探讨

本研究比较了高渗盐水和生理盐水处理，对手术小鼠细胞免疫功能和伤口愈合的影响。结果表明，高渗盐水处理组小鼠腹壁切口裂开的张力（１４９．０±９．１ｍｍＨｇ）明显高于生理盐水处理组（１２４．１±９．２ｍｍＨｇ）；高渗盐水处理组的迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）程度（０．０７３ｇ±０．０２５ｇ）和淋巴细胞增殖能力（刺激指数１８．０±９．６）均明显高于生理盐水处理组（分别为０．０４５ｇ±０．００９ｇ和８．５±７．６）。体外实验还发现，提高培养液中氯化钠的浓度，术后２４ｈ淋巴细胞的活性增加，表明高渗盐水处理具有提高术后小鼠细胞免疫功能及促进伤口愈合的作用