Breast cancer radiotherapy: controversies and prospectives

Despite consensus on breast cancer radiotherapy, there are still some controversies over post-mastectomy radiotherapy （PMRT） in patients with 1-3 positive lympn nodes, accelerated partial breast irradiation （APBI）, appropriate sequence of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal treatment, and radiotherapy after preoperative systemic therapy.     

Photodynamic therapy for malignant and non-malignant diseases: clinical investigation and application

Photodynamic therapy （PDT） is a relatively new treatment modality. Clinical PDT procedure involves the administration of a photosensitizer followed by local illumination with visible light of a specific wavelength. In the presence of molecule oxygen, the light illumination of photosensitizer can lead to a series of photochemical reactions and consequently generate a variety of cytotoxic species. The nature, location and quantity of PDT-induced cytotoxic species and the sensitivity of the target cells determine the outcome of a PDT treatment.     

Cross Cultural Conceptualisations of Successful and Healthy Ageing: Australia and China

The ageing of the populations in Australia and China is an important demographic phenomenon that has created significant challenges for both countries.Demographic projections reveal that over the next 30 years Australia and China will achieve a similar and relatively high percentage of older citizens(Browning,Kendig,Thomas,& Yang,2006;United Nations,2005).It is estimated that by 2010 the number of people aged 60 years and over in China will reach 174 million and comprise 12.78% of the tota…     

Combined and sequential treatment of oral and maxillofacial malignancies: an evolving concept and clinical protocol

Objective To introduce the concept and rational regimens and present the latest development of combined treatment of oral and maxillofacial malignancies. Data sources The related published literature was searched through the CNKI database and MEDLINE using the terms of oral cancer, oral and maxillofacial malignancies, combined and sequential therapy, multidisciplinary approach. Study selection The available related literature was read and evaluated. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Results The results show that oral and maxillofacial malignancies diagnosed at an early stages （stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ） can be well treated with surgery alone and/or radiotherapy with optimal outcome, but advanced or recurrent diseases should be treated with rational combined and sequential treatment modalities. The use of concomitant chemoradiotherapy, taxane-containing, three-drug induction regimens and Cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy demonstrated favorable results in previously untreated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions The concept of combined and sequential treatment of advanced oral and maxillofacial malignancies should be widely accepted, and the rational regimen for individual and each type of entity should be determined based on the anatomical site and the patient＇s performance status.     

Toll-like receptors: function and roles in asthma

Asthmaisachronicairwayinflammatorydiseaseinvolvedwithmultiplesusceptiblegenesforatopy Toll likereceptors (TLRs) ,anancientthoughnewlycharacterizedandevolutionarilyconservedimmunereceptorfamily ,activatethemononuclear phagocytesystemviabothmyeloiddifferentiationmarker 88(MyD88) dependentand independentsignalingpathways TLRsmightplayakeyroleinasthmabyrecognitionofpathogenicmicroorganisms,activationofinnateimmunity ,regulationofadaptiveimmunity ,andinductionofimmunetolerance Forfutureimmunot…     

Abortion and emergency contraception: Chinese experience.

Ａｂｏｒｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｍｅｒｇｅｎｃｙｃｏｎｔｒａｃｅｐｔｉｏｎ：ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅＸｉａｏＢｉｌｉａｎ肖碧莲Ｕｎｓａｆｅａｂｏｒｔｉｏｎｉｓａｇｌｏｂａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ，ｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅ...     

Beijing Medical University: Its Past and Present

Beijing Medical University grew out of National Peking Medical School, which was founded on October 26, 1912 (the firstyear of the Republic of China) and was the first national medical school of the nation run by the Chinese goverment on its own.The school was located in Bajiao Liulijing Alley outside Heping (Peace) Gate of the city of Beijing.     

Atrial pacing lead: steroid-eluting and nonsteroid-eluting.

Ａｔｒｉａｌｐａｃｉｎｇｌｅａｄ：ｓｔｅｒｏｉｄｅｌｕｔｉｎｇａｎｄｎｏｎｓｔｅｒｏｉｄｅｌｕｔｉｎｇＨｕａＷｅｉ华伟ａｎｄＨａｒｙＭｏｎｄＦｕＷａｉＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＭｅｄｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ...     

Anaerobic bacteria and intrahepatic stones: detections of Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides fragilis

Ｉｎｔｒａｈｅｐａｔｉｃｓｔｏｎｅｓｏｒｈｅｐａｔｏｌｉｔｈｉａｓｉｓａｒｅｓｔｏｎｅｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｒａｈｅｐａｔｉｃｂｉｌｅｄｕｃｔｓａｂｏｖｅｔｈｅｂｉｆｕｒｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｒｉｇｈｔａｎｄｌｅｆｔｈｅｐａｔｉｃｄｕｃｔｓ 1,2 　Ｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｒｏｗｎｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｓｔｏｎｅｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｓｄｅｃｏｎｊｕｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｎｊｕｇａｔｅｄｂｉｌｉｒｕｂｉｎａｎｄｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｒｅｅｂｉｌｉｒｕｂｉｎｗｉｔｈｃａｌｃｉｕ…     

Mental health in China: current status and prevention and control of mental disorders

Mentalhealthisthebalancebetweenallaspectsoflife(e g social,physical,spiritualandemotional) Mentalhealthisfarmorethanabsenceofmentalillnessandhastodowiththepreventionandmanagementofvariouskindsofpsychosesandpsychologicalandbehaviordisorderssoastoimproveoveralllevelofmentalhealthinpopulations Mentaldisorderisaseriousdiseasetothreatenbothphysicaland psychiatrichealthofhumanbeings AccordingtothetenthrevisionofInternationalClassificationofDiseases (ICD 1 0 ) ,1　mentaldisordersinclude 1 0typesan…     

Determination of Ⅷ:C and Ⅷ:Ag in Hemophilia A Carrier

ＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆⅧ：ＣａｎｄⅧ：ＡｇｉｎＨｅｍｏｐｈｉｌｉａＡＣａｒｒｉｅｒＣｈｅｎＨｕａｉｈｕａ（陈怀华）ＣｈｅｎＪｉｑｉｎｇ（陈吉庆）（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｐｅｄｉａｔｒｉｃｓ．ＴｈｅＦｉｒｓｔＡｆｆｉｌｉａｔｅｄＨｏｓｐｉｔａ...