Síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo: revisión a propósito de la definición de Berlín

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is due to many causes. The absence of a universal definition up until now has led to a series of practical problems for a definitive diagnosis. The incidences of ARDS and Acute Lung Injury (ALI) vary widely in the current literature. The American-European Consensus Conference definition has been applied since its publication in 1994 and has helped to improve knowledge about ARDS. However, 18 years later, in 2011, the European Intensive Medicine Society, requested a team of international experts to meet in Berlin to review the ARDS definition. The purpose of the Berlin definition is not to use it as a prognostic tool, but to improve coherence between research and clinical practice.     

Organización del quirófano e instrumental específico para el implante de prótesis de pene

After more than 1600 penile implant surgeries, we can affirm the need for a procedure protocol of the steps prior to this type of surgery, and the importance of carefully control the preparation for the surgical act.The instruments that must be available for surgery include elements that have been specifically designed for this type of intervention, such as the Cavernotomo dilators (Rossello®) or the Furlow. These are essential for penile implant surgeries in the usual practice, especially in complex cases or when complications arise.We should avoid complications as much as we can, or at least we should be able to minimize, address and resolve them with effective organization and adequate instruments.Undoubtedly, the surgeon's skills and experience are one of the key components for success, but the great importance of an adequately performed and rigorously applied protocol by all team members should not be underestimated. The objective of this article is to explain the basis of the details of this procedure in a clear and realistic way.     

Tratamiento anestésico en el síndrome de Kearns-Sayre. Descripción de un caso

Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy characterized by ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy and cardiac conduction abnormalities. This article describes the clinical management of a 50-year-old patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome who underwent subarachnoid anesthesia for a traumatic femoral fracture surgery.     

Revisión sistemática de la implantación de prótesis de pene en cirugía mayor ambulatoria

Introduction and objectivePenile prosthesis (PP) implantation is an effective option for erectile dysfunction. Although initially PP surgery was carried out in an inpatient setting, there is a growing trend to implant PP in a major ambulatory surgery (MAS). This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature to identify available evidence of the implantation of PP under MAS setting and go carry out a comparison between MAS and inpatient procedures.Material and methodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and MEDES electronic databases and non-indexed supplements for scientific congresses were searched to identify articles related to the surgical implantation of PP in MAS up to February 2021. Key search terms included penile prosthesis, erectile dysfunction, ambulatory surgery, ambulatory care, and surgery.ResultsAmong 171 publications retrieved (51 PubMed, 73 EMBASE, 3 Cochrane, 2 using MEDES and 42 manual searching), 5 studies were finally selected. There were no significant differences between MAS or inpatient setting in terms of the type of device, surgical approach, or location of reservoir. Complication rates observed in both groups were similar. Implantation of PP in MAS was less expensive than inpatient surgery and was associated with acceptable patient satisfaction rates and adequate pain control.ConclusionsStudies demonstrated that outpatient PP surgery can achieve similar outcomes in terms of safety and satisfaction to implantation of PP in the inpatient setting, while it could reduce costs and improve the efficiency. This research could provide support decision makers to extend PP surgery into the ambulatory setting.     

Evaluación de las expectativas preoperatorias y postoperatorias del candidato a prótesis peneana. Estudios de satisfacción

Penile prosthesis implantation is a good option for the treatment of refractory erectile dysfunction. However, the patient's expectations, among other factors, condition his satisfaction after surgery. This review article aims to present the scientific evidence available concerning patient satisfaction with penile prosthesis surgery.     

Disminución de las transfusiones alogénicas por la generalización del uso de recuperadores de sangre postoperatorios en cirugía de prótesis de rodilla

ObjectivesSurgical teams have several tools in order to reduce the need for postoperative allogenic transfusion. Postoperative autotransfusion of unwashed shed blood has become common practice for total knee replacement surgery since 2006 in our hospital. This study was designed to evaluate if this practice has reduced allogenic blood transfusions.Material and methodsA retrospective study comparing two cohorts, group 2004 with patients operated on for total knee replacement during the year 2004, before the use of the retransfusion system, and group 2008, patients operated on in the year 2008, with regular use of the retransfusion system. Gender, preoperative and postoperative haemoglobin levels, total amount of calculated erythrocytes lost, reinfusion of shed blood and allogenic blood transfusion during hospital stay were recorded.ResultsBoth groups were similar as regards gender, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, and total amount of erythrocytes lost. The proportion of transfused patients was significantly lower in group 2008 versus group 2004 (20.18% versus 42.19%), with a relative risk of being transfused of 0.47 and a NNT of 4.54. P = .0017.ConclusionsIn our hospital the use of postoperative retransfusion systems has reduced the proportion of transfused patients during hospitalization for total knee replacement surgery, although this result cannot be generalized due to the lack of a fixed transfusion trigger.     

Factores predictivos del síndrome de retirada de abiraterona

Introduction and objectiveAbiraterone withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is characterized by a transient decrease in the PSA after abiraterone acetate (AA) treatment discontinuation in patients diagnosed with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of our study is to identify the possible predictive factors of AWS at diagnosis.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective study of 70 patients treated with AA at the Institut Català d’Oncologia – L’Hospitalet between 2015 and 2017.Results11 patients presented AWS. The mean age at diagnosis was 65.73 years and the mean age of presentation was 74.18 years. Patients were in the ninth treatment cycle. The median PSA was: 30.5 ng/ml at diagnosis, 33.24 ng/ml in the AWS, and 15.78 ng/ml before starting another treatment. The median follow-up period after AWS was 8.2 months. The predictive factors of AWS would be: high PSA (p = .002), ISUP ≥ 4 (p = .002) and stage IV at diagnosis (p < .001). Patients with a T stage present high risk, but without statistical significance. An AUC of 0.84 was obtained, with a 95% CI between 0.77 and 0.92 (p < .001).ConclusionsThe incidence of AWS is not negligible, describing prolonged responses after AA withdrawal, including the possibility of increased overall survival. These results could entail new treatment schemes for mCRPC.     

Neurólisis robótica del pudendo en el tratamiento del síndrome de atrapamiento del pudendo

Introduction

Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome (PNE) is characterised by the presence of neuropathic pain in the pudendal nerve (PN) territory, associated or not with urinary, defecatory and sexual disorders. Surgical PN decompression is an effective and safe alternative for cases when conservative treatment fails. The aim of this study is to describe the first robot-assisted pudendal neurolysis procedure performed in our country.

Tratamiento farmacológico de los síntomas del tracto urinario inferior en el hombre: aplicación de las recomendaciones en la práctica clínica

ContextIntroducing a consensus on pharmacological treatment of male LUTs to be applied to Urology Primary Care.Evidence compilationThe consensus has been created by an expert committee based on the latest recommendations by the European and American Guides for male LUTs treatment. Also, a bibliographic review of the latest advances in the therapeutical approach to these patients has been carried out.Evidence synthesisAlthough the prevalence of both LUTs and overactive bladder is high, and its impact on the quality of life and social cost have been widely described, the number of patients treated is low. On the other hand, current clinical practice doesńt necessarily match the Guides and for this reason false perceptions of the available treatments circulate. For instance, men with storage LUTS are often treated inadequately with α-blockers or 5-α-reductase inhibitors due to underlying obstructive disorders. However, it is known that the incidence of real obstruction tends to be low. Current evidence, though limited, shows that antimuscarinic drugs may be used safely by men with LUTs, and are not associated with an increase in the prevalence of high urinary retention.ConclusionWe propose an algorithm for the management of male LUTs in which various levels of clinical evaluation are shown for a specific diagnose, as well as for choosing the most appropriate treatment.     

Relación del síndrome metabólico con el cáncer de mama posmenopáusico

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary heart disease. It may also be associated with a higher risk of some common cancers. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer in postmenopausal women.MethodsWe present a prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women. This cohort was divided into two groups: the «benign diagnosis group», including women who were studied after breast cancer screening; and the «malignant tumor group», including patients with breast cancer that had been diagnosed by biopsy. Age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), abdominal perimeter, serum glucose, LDL, HDL and insulin levels were analyzed as variables under study. The HOMA-IR homeostatic model formula was used to assess insulin resistance. The differences were considered statistically significant when P < .05.ResultsTwo hundred women with a mean age of 61.5 ± 9.6 (range: 37-93) were enrolled in the study, consisting of 150 (75%) patients with a benign diagnosis and 50 (25%) patients with a malignant tumor. BMI and abdominal perimeter were higher in the group with a malignant tumor (P < .05). The incidence of DM and metabolic syndrome was higher in the malignant tumor group (P < .005). In the malignant tumor group, much higher incidences correlated with fasting glycemic levels > 100 mg/dL, insulin levels > 10 mIU/L and HOMA-IR scores > 2.7 (P < .05).ConclusionsThere is a relationship between metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer. More studies are needed to establish methods for the prevention of breast cancer in women with metabolic syndrome.     

Tratamiento anestésico del abdomen agudo en el primer trimestre de gestación de un embarazo gemelar

Surgery during pregnancy is not uncommon. It is estimated that some type of surgical procedure is performed in 2% of pregnancies. The risks of the anaesthesia for the mother and foetus in the first trimester are widely known (teratogenicity, aspiration risk…). We present the case of a patient in the 9th week of a twin pregnancy, who suffered from a clinical picture of small intestinal obstruction. Epidural anaesthesia was performed and the outcome of the patient and foetus is described.     

Síndrome de Kounis tras administración de rocuronio

Kounis syndrome encompasses concepts including angina and allergic infarction described in relation to exposure to different allergens. The aim of this article is to describe a case of Kounis Syndrome type II after exposure to rocuronium as well as the patholophysiology and the treatment of this syndrome.     

Tratamiento de las fístulas uretrorrectales tras prostatectomía radical mediante la interposición de material biológico vía perineal

IntroductionRectal injury is a rare complication after extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The development of rectourethral fistulas (URF) from rectal injuries is one of the most feared and of more complex resolution in urology.Material and methodsBetween 2013 and 2020 we have operated on a total of 5 patients with URF after extraperitoneal endoscopic radical prostatectomy through a perineal access using the interposition of biological material. All fistulas had a diameter of less than 6 mm at endoscopy and were less than 6 cm apart from the anal margin.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 64 years old. All patients had a previous bowel and urinary diversion for at least 3 months. Under general anesthesia and with the patient in a forced lithotomy position, fistulorraphy and interposition of biological material of porcine origin (lyophilized porcine dermis [Permacol®]) were performed through a perineal access. Mean operative time was 174 minutes (140-210). Most patients were discharged on the third postoperative day. The bladder catheter was left in place for a mean of 40 days (30-60). Prior to its removal, cystography and a Gastrografin® barium enema were performed, showing resolution of the fistula in all cases.ConclusionsThe interposition of biological material from porcine dermis through perineal approach is a safe alternative with good results in patients submitted to urethrorectal fistulorraphy after radical prostatectomy.