复方醋酸棉酚片治疗子宫肌瘤近期疗效观察

目的探讨复方醋酸棉酚片治疗子宫肌瘤的作用。方法75例子宫肌瘤患者口服复方醋酸棉酚片3个月,比较治疗前后症状,子宫和肌瘤的体积,子宫血流阻力指数,血生殖激素水平,血钾及肝、肾功能变化。结果治疗后,月经过多及痛经等症状明显改善。子宫及肌瘤体积较治疗前明显缩小(P>0.05)。子宫动脉及肌瘤血管阻力指数增加(P>0.05),血雌、孕激素水平明显下降,血钾及肝、肾功能无显著变化。结论复方醋酸棉酚片通过作用于子宫内膜受体对卵巢雌、孕激素具有明显调节作用,减少子宫血流而发挥其治疗子宫肌瘤的作用。     

桂枝茯苓胶囊与米非司酮联合治疗子宫肌瘤36例疗效评价

目的评价桂枝茯苓胶囊配伍米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效.方法经妇科检查及B超检查确诊的36例符合保守治疗的子宫肌瘤患者,给予口服桂枝茯苓胶囊,每次3粒,每日3次;同时配伍米非司酮12.5 mg,每日1次,口服,3个月为1个疗程.观察治疗后的肌瘤大小及临床症状变化.结果痊愈2例,显效11例,有效22例,总有效率97%.结论桂枝茯苓胶囊配伍米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤,服药方便,是一种理想的药物治疗方法.     

米非司酮与桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤分析

目的 分别对米非司酮和桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效比较.方法 在2002年～2005年将我院确诊为子宫肌瘤病人68例,按双盲法分别给予米非司酮组和桂枝茯苓胶囊组,进行治疗.米非司酮组每次12.5 mg,每天一次服三个月.桂枝茯苓胶囊组每天3次,每次3粒,服3个月.治疗前后B超监测子宫及肌瘤大小.结果 米非司酮组比桂枝茯苓胶囊组有显著疗效.     

桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤86例临床分析

目的：探讨桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法：每天口服桂枝茯苓胶囊3次，每次4粒，经期停服。3个月为1个疗程，3个疗程后观察疗效。结果：桂枝茯苓胶囊有缩小及控制子宫肌瘤发展的作用。对由于子宫肌瘤引起月经量增多、经期延长、疼痛、贫血、头昏、乏力等都有较好的改善，总有效率达84％以上。结论：桂枝茯苓肢囊治疗子宫肌瘤有利于临床症状的缓解，缩小肌瘤体积疗效确切，副作用小，有一定临床效果，值得临床推广使用。     

宫瘤宁胶囊联合复方醋酸棉酚片治疗子宫肌瘤的临床研究

目的探讨宫瘤宁胶囊联合复方醋酸棉酚片治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法选取2015年5月—2016年2月在陕西中医药大学第二附属医院进行治疗的子宫肌瘤患者80例,根据治疗方案的差别分为对照组(40例)和治疗组(40例)。对照组口服复方醋酸棉酚片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服宫瘤宁胶囊,3粒/次,1次/d。两组患者均连续治疗3个月经周期。比较两组临床疗效、子宫及肌瘤体积变化和促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)、人附睾蛋白4(HE4)和CA125水平变化。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组总有效率分别为80.00%和95.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者子宫体积及肌瘤体积均显著缩小,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组的缩小程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组E2、P、FSH水平均明显低于同组治疗前(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组这些观察指标显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清HE4和CA125水平明显降低,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组上述血清指标降低程度优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宫瘤宁胶囊联合复方醋酸棉酚片治疗子宫肌瘤疗效显著,可明显缩小瘤体体积,改善性激素水平及降低机体HE4、CA125水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤122例临床观察

目的观察桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法将122例患者随即分成两组,治疗组82例口服桂枝茯苓胶囊,对照组40例服用米非司酮,均连服六个月,比较两组治疗后临床症状及子宫肌瘤改善情况。结果治疗组临床症状改善明显优于对照组,治疗组肌瘤缩小44.89%,对照组肌瘤缩小50.77%（P〉0.05）。结论桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤可有效缓解临床症状,缩小肌瘤体积的疗效确切,有良好的临床效果。     

桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗盆腔良性肿瘤疗效观察

目的：观察桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗盆腔肿瘤的临床疗效。方法：选择我院门诊经B超检查诊断明确为盆腔良性肿瘤病人100例，予口服桂枝茯苓胶囊每日3次，每次3粒，3个月为l疗程。结果：经2个疗程治疗后盆腔良性肿瘤消失、缩小，其有效率93．0％。其不良反应仅感觉胃脘部不适和较微胀痛．停药消失。结论：桂枝茯苓胶囊对治疗舷腔的小型子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌症、单纯性卵巢囊肿有良好疗效，大部分能达到缩小、消失，并控制其生长的效果。     

中西医结合治疗子宫肌瘤90例的临床分析

目的评价米非司酮联合桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果。方法经妇科检查及B超确诊的96例适合保守治疗的子宫肌瘤患者,予月经周期第1天口服米非司酮12.5mg,1次/d,月经干净后同时服用桂枝茯苓胶囊每次3粒,3次/d,3个月1个疗程。观察治疗后子宫肌瘤大小及临床症状变化。结果两组治疗前肌瘤体积的变化、血红蛋白无差异(P>0.05),治疗后两组均有改善,观察组较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05);观察组治愈13例、显效18例、有效12例、无效2例,对照组分别为7例、13例、17例、8例,观察组疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合治疗子宫肌瘤后缩小肌瘤体积、增加血红蛋白、临床疗效优于单纯米非司酮治疗,值得临床应用。     

桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗育龄期妇女子宫肌瘤的临床观察

目的探讨桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗育龄期妇女子宫肌瘤的疗效及副反应。方法随机选择358例确诊为子宫肌瘤的育龄期妇女,年龄在30～50岁之间,口服桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗,3粒／次,3次／天,3个月为1疗程,共治疗2个疗程,观察疗效及副反应情况。结果桂枝茯苓胶囊能控制子宫肌瘤的发展、缩小子宫肌瘤,有效缓解子宫肌瘤所致的经量增多、经期延长、痛经等症状。358例患者经予桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗3个月后,共有334例患者取得不同程度的疗效,总有效率为93．30％,其中225例子宫肌壁间肌瘤总有效率为93．78％,87例浆膜下肌瘤总有效率为91．95％,46例粘膜下肌瘤总有效率为93．48％：不良反应小。结论桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗育龄期妇女子宫肌瘤疗效可靠,不良反应小,是一种安全可行的保守治疗方法。     

米非司酮联合桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效观察

目的观察米非司酮联合桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效。方法 120例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例。对照组单纯给予口服米非司酮片。治疗组给予米非司酮片联合桂枝茯苓胶囊,月经来潮时停服,连服3个月。观察子宫肌瘤体积变化情况及闭经、月经恢复情况。结果 2组治疗后子宫肌瘤体积均小于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组治疗后肌瘤体积小于对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组肌瘤体积缩小值大于对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论米非司酮联合桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤是一种方便、安全、有效的治疗方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfides as cyclooxygenase inhibitors

2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfides are described as selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, useful for treating inflammation and COX-2-mediated disorders including neoplasia. 2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfide is claimed to be the most potent COX inhibitor in the series with a COX-2 selectivity ratio of 33. This compound is also claimed to be superior to celecoxib (Celebrex^®, Pfizer) in inhibiting cell growth of colorectal carcinoma cells. In this evaluation, the COX inhibitory activity of this compound is compared to that previously disclosed for diarylheterocycles and 2-(acetoxyphenyl)alkyl sulfides. The validity of the DLD-1 cell line in the growth inhibition studies is questioned based on recent literature reports indicating the lack of COX-2 expression in this cell line.