威海市妊娠晚期妇女生命质量及影响因素分析

目的了解和分析威海市妊娠晚期妇女的生命质量状况及其影响因素,及时发现问题,促进母子健康。方法采用健康自评量表对妊娠晚期妇女进行问卷调查,应用单因素和多元逐步回归分析法对数据进行统计分析和评价。结果①单因素分析：具有大专以上文化程度的妊娠晚期妇女在自我保健、健康知识、生活方式、精神状态和生活技能方面都要优于初中文化程度组,不同职业的妊娠晚期妇女在自我保健、健康知识、生活技能及总分方面差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。具有医疗保障的妊娠晚期妇女自我保健、健康知识及生活方式方面情况要优于无医疗保障者（P〈0．05）;②多元逐步回归分析：文化程度、籍贯中的威海县级及医疗保障对妊娠晚期妇女的生命质量影响较大（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。结论妊娠期妇女不同文化程度、职业、居住地区及有无医疗保障等明显影响生命质量,加强健康知识宣传、扩大医疗保障的覆盖面,以提高妊娠妇女尤其是威海县级地区的妊娠妇女的生命质量。     

上海某社区老年慢性病共病患者多重用药分析及对生命质量的影响

摘要：目的:探讨社区老年慢性病共病患者多重用药现状及其相关因素,以及多重用药对生命质量的影响。方法:运用五维健康(EQ-5D)量表和一般流行病学调查问卷,对上海某社区305例老年慢性病共病患者的一般情况、用药状况、药物依从性及生命质量等内容进行横断面调查,并分析用药依从性和生命质量的影响因素。结果:305例调查对象中,合并疾病为(3.03±0.83)种,平均用药为(5.58±1.13)种;不同年龄、婚姻状况、户籍、药费支付方式、用药品种、用药数量和有无药品不良反应等特征的患者中用药依从性的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、婚姻状况、户籍、药品不良反应是用药依从性的影响因素;不同用药种类、是否服用潜在不恰当药物及有无药品不良反应的患者EQ-5D和视觉模拟标尺得分(EQ-VAS)评分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),是影响老年慢性病共病患者生命质量的主要因素。结论:社区老年慢性病共病患者多重用药现象普遍,随着药物种类的增加,生命质量有较大的影响,有必要在社区开展药物重整工作。     

社区卫生服务中心慢性病患者生命质量的调查

目的评价我社区卫生服务中心慢性病患者的生命质量,研究慢性病对生命质量的影响,并分析慢性病人群生命质量的主要影响因素。方法基于社区卫生服务中心对慢性病患者普查的基础之上,从普查的慢性疾病患者和正常人群中随机选择一定数量的人,对其生活质量进行进一步的调查。以问卷调查调查方式为主,内容包括研究对象的一般情况、生活习惯、生病情况和生活质量。结果通过调查显示,慢性病与个人的年龄、生活习惯、从事的职业、收入情况、情感差异、心理因素等等均有关系。结论①慢性病患者的生活质量比普通的人生活质量差,表明慢性疾病影响了生活的质量,不应该被忽略。②慢性疾病患者生活质量的受影响主要因素:包括性别、年龄、职业、人均年收入、教育水平和慢性疾病的所得的数量。     

海口市老年人生存质量及其影响因素研究

目的了解海口市老年人生存质量现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取海口市60岁及以上老年人436人。采用SF-36量表对其生存质量进行测量。用TOPSIS法及多重线性回归分析进行分析。结果用TOPSIS法与国内同类研究比较,海口市老年人生存质量最优,其他依次为广州市、苏州市、沈阳市、天津市。多重线性回归分析结果显示生命质量的影响因素为慢性病、体育锻炼、年龄、子女的生活状况。患慢性病老年人生命质量低于无慢性病者,经常参加体育锻炼者生命质量高于偶尔或不参加者、年龄越大老年人生命质量越差,子女生活状况越好的老年人生命质量越高。结论海口市老年人生存质量较优。影响老年人生命质量的主要因素为慢性病、体育锻炼、年龄、子女的生活状况。因此建立与健全社会保障体系及加强慢性病的防治等综合性措施对提高老年人生命质量具有极其重要的意义。     

海口市老年人生存质量及其影响因素研究

目的了解海口市老年人生存质量现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取海口市60岁及以上老年人436人。采用SF-36量表对其生存质量进行测量。用TOPSIS法及多重线性回归分析进行分析。结果用TOPSIS法与国内同类研究比较,海口市老年人生存质量最优,其他依次为广州市、苏州市、沈阳市、天津市。多重线性回归分析结果显示生命质量的影响因素为慢性病、体育锻炼、年龄、子女的生活状况。患慢性病老年人生命质量低于无慢性病者,经常参加体育锻炼者生命质量高于偶尔或不参加者、年龄越大老年人生命质量越差,子女生活状况越好的老年人生命质量越高。结论海口市老年人生存质量较优。影响老年人生命质量的主要因素为慢性病、体育锻炼、年龄、子女的生活状况。因此建立与健全社会保障体系及加强慢性病的防治等综合性措施对提高老年人生命质量具有极其重要的意义。     

天津市蓟县城乡围绝经期妇女性生活现状及相关影响因素

<正>围绝经期妇女是一个特殊人群,在其性功能逐渐衰退易发生性功能障碍的同时,仍有性的要求。在这样一个生理变化较大的特殊生理时期关注其性健康,对提高围绝经期妇女的生活质量具有重要意义。为了对本地区围绝经期妇女进行更好的性健康指导,我们利用为女职工及农村妇女做健康普查机会,运用面对面问卷调查方式调查了1 500名年龄在41⁷0岁围绝经期妇女的性生活现状,相关影响因素,对性知识了解情况及城镇与农村围绝     

绍兴市2011年村镇孕妇口腔卫生状况调查

目的了解绍兴市农村与城镇地区妊娠妇女的121腔健康状况,为提高农村妊娠期女性的口腔卫生健康状况,保障胎儿正常发育提供科学依据。方法对本市2011年产前检查的农村及城镇1350例孕妇进行口腔健康检查和口腔卫生习惯问卷调查。结果检出口腔问题923例（68．4％）,其中农村孕妇438例（75．3％）,城镇孕妇485例（63．2％）;两组比较,差异有统计学意义。农村与城镇孕妇口腔卫生习惯情况比较,城镇孕妇均明显好于农村孕妇,差异有统计学意义。结论孕妇的口腔问题发生率高达68．4％,其中农村孕妇的口腔问题检出率更高,且口腔卫生习惯差于城镇孕妇。建议对农村孕妇定期进行口腔检查,适当减免检查费用,加强宣教,在产科检查同时进行口腔健康检查。     

铁法煤业集团总医院医护人员个体应对资源水平分析

目的：分析铁法煤业集团总医院医护人员个体应对资源水平分布情况。方法：应用职业紧张量表（OSI-R）的个人应对资源问卷（PRQ）,采用随机整群抽样调查铁法煤业集团医院门诊及病房医生和护士共500名。结果：女性的社会支持（SS）得分高于男性（P〈0.05）;40～50岁年龄组自我保健（SC）得分最高,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不同教育背景医护人员应变能力得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;患慢性病的医护人员（SS）得分较未患慢性病者低（P〈0.05）。结论：医护人员的性别、年龄和患病情况差异与个体应对资源有很大关系,应加强对个体应对资源水平低的医护人员的关注与防护,以提供预防措施。     

肛周脓肿患者生命质量现状及其影响因素分析

目的 对肛周脓肿患者的生命质量进行现状调查、分析探讨其生命质量的影响因素。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年3月就诊于本院的92例肛周脓肿患者为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、病耻感量表、症状困扰量表、生命质量量表对入组肛周脓肿患者进行问卷调查。采用Pearson相关分析方法分别分析病耻感、症状困扰与生命质量间的相关性。结果 本研究共纳入92例肛周脓肿患者,Pearson相关分析：病耻感得分与生命质量得分间呈负相关（r=-0.415,P=0.002）;症状困扰得分与生命质量得分间呈负相关（r=-0.456,P=0.004）,相关关系均存在统计学意义。回归分析如下：固定职业、收入高、病耻感得分低、症状困扰得分低是肛周脓肿患者生命质量得分高的影响因素（P <0.05）。结论 临床护理人员应根据肛周脓肿患者的具体情况,了解患者存在的病耻感程度,给予足够的情感、信息支持,适当增加心理护理,积极与高危人群进行沟通,有利于降低患者病耻感水平,针对症状高发人群采取积极应对处理,对提高肛周脓肿患者生命质量水平有积极意义。     

少数民族地区老年人生活质量影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响少数民族地区老年人生活质量的相关因素。方法:对356例朝鲜族老年人及350例汉族老年人进行压力水平、健康相关行为及生活质量的问卷调查。结果:不同月收入(F=6.465;P=0.002)、不同教育程度(F=5.488;P=0.004)、不同居住形态(F=5.207;P=0.001)及不同主要照顾者(F=6.893;P=0.001)间的老年人生活质量得分存在差异;将压力得分、慢性病数量、年龄、居住情况及健康相关行为中的心理、睡眠、性生活、休息及营养等变量进行老年人生活质量线性回归方程。结论:压力水平及慢性病、健康促进行为是影响少数民族地区老年人生活质量的重要因素。     

A community based study of HIV in women in rural Gutu District, Zimbabwe 1992 to 1993

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of HIV-1 infection and its relation to socio-economic and obstetric history factors. DESIGN: A cross sectional study. SETTING: 12 randomly selected villages in rural Gutu District, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: All women of fertile age (15 to 44 years) in the selected villages were invited to participate. In total 1,213 women were interviewed and examined. On average 75% and 81% of those eligible in 1992 and 1993 respectively participated (range for villages 57 to 87%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HIV sero-positivity. RESULTS: HIV prevalence was high, 21.9%. Single women below 20 years had the lowest prevalence (7.6%), while the highest (30.0%) was found in married women aged 20 to 29 years. Using a case-referent approach, women divorced, widowed or separated had twice as high a risk of being HIV positive as single women (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40 to 2.93). There was a huge difference in the prevalence of HIV between villages, from 8.4 to 32.8%, thus the risk of having HIV in the two villages with the highest prevalence was more than five times higher (OR = 5.21 and 5.31 respectively) than in the village with the lowest. The multivariate logistic regression confirmed the findings of an increased risk for women aged 20 to 39 years as compared with women 15 to 19 years, and for women that were divorced, widowed or separated as compared with single. It also confirmed that the huge difference in the prevalence found between wards was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Women contract HIV early in marriage. Young men's risk behaviour needs to be addressed and women must be aware of their risks before marriage.     

Alcohol use and alcohol consumption-related problems in rural Vietnam: an epidemiological survey using AUDIT

This study aimed to assess alcohol use and alcohol consumption-related problems in different sociodemographic groups in a rural district in Vietnam. Interviews were completed between March 2004 and July 2004. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was applied to interview 3423 people, who were randomly selected in a rural district (1695 men and 1728 women). People who had an AUDIT score greater than 7 (in men) or greater than 5 (in women) were identified as having alcohol consumption-related problems. Prevalences and adjusted odds ratios of alcohol use and alcohol consumption-related problems were estimated for different subgroups of the population. Weekly and daily "binge drinking" among men were 5.7 and 3.6%, while binge drinking in women was virtually nonexistent. The prevalence of alcohol consumption-related problems was 25.5% among men and 0.7% among women. The differences between sociodemographic groups were not strong, but women who were separated, divorced, or widowed as well as those with higher education had significantly higher rates of alcohol consumption-related problems than married women and those with lower education. This study indicates an urgent need for alcohol intervention programs focused on men. However, further monitoring of alcohol use and problems among women is important to follow-up changes in consumption pattern. The study's limitations are discussed.     

Screening for psychiatric morbidity in men and women.

This paper describes the use of the general health questionnaire (GHQ) to screen a random sample of men for psychiatric morbidity. The results are contrasted with those from the earlier Otago Women's Health Survey, an investigation into the sociodemographic determinants of psychiatric morbidity in Otago women. The level of psychiatric morbidity found in the men was equal to that found in the women which is in contrast to most overseas studies where men have been found to have lower levels of psychiatric morbidity to women. Significant differences were found in male and female demographic subgroups. High GHQ scores were found in separated, widowed and divorced men, men in higher socioeconomic status groups and those unemployed. High GHQ scores were found among the women aged 18-34, women who had never married, those in lower socioeconomic status groups and those unemployed. This study illustrates that gender needs to be considered alongside traditional sociodemographic factors when studying psychiatric morbidity and symptomatology.     

Alcohol Use and Alcohol Consumption–Related Problems in Rural Vietnam: An Epidemiological Survey Using AUDIT

This study aimed to assess alcohol use and alcohol consumption–related problems in different sociodemographic groups in a rural district in Vietnam. Interviews were completed between March 2004 and July 2004. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was applied to interview 3423 people, who were randomly selected in a rural district (1695 men and 1728 women). People who had an AUDIT score greater than 7 (in men) or greater than 5 (in women) were identified as having alcohol consumption–related problems. Prevalences and adjusted odds ratios of alcohol use and alcohol consumption–related problems were estimated for different subgroups of the population. Weekly and daily “binge drinking” among men were 5.7 and 3.6%, while binge drinking in women was virtually nonexistent. The prevalence of alcohol consumption–related problems was 25.5% among men and 0.7% among women. The differences between sociodemographic groups were not strong, but women who were separated, divorced, or widowed as well as those with higher education had significantly higher rates of alcohol consumption–related problems than married women and those with lower education. This study indicates an urgent need for alcohol intervention programs focused on men. However, further monitoring of alcohol use and problems among women is important to follow-up changes in consumption pattern. The study's limitations are discussed.     

Sociodemographic correlates of abstinence and excessive drinking in the Greek population

The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of abstinence and drinking patterns among 14,367 Greeks. Participants older than 60, single and widowed men, as well as participants living outside the Greater Athens area were significantly more likely to abstain than to be "light to moderate" drinkers. In contrast, those at higher educational levels and those separated or divorced were less likely to abstain than their counterparts. With respect to excessive drinking, older people and those at higher educational levels were less likely to engage excessive drinking than their counterparts. Among men, subjects who were separated or divorced were more likely to drink excessively than those who were married. The results of our study help detect groups at high risk for diseases associated with high or low consumption of alcohol, and outline preventive strategies.     

不同背景抑郁障碍的影响因素及临床特征分析

目的：探讨农村抑郁障碍的影响因素。方法：收集农村抑郁障碍60例,给予一般人口学资料、病前诱因、HAMD、HAMA、应激评定量表进行测定,并与65例城市抑郁障碍者进行对照。结果：农村对环境的适应能力差,生活压力大,应激评分表明他们在社会习惯、社会交往应激评分明显增高;而城市更多的是人际交往的压力,生活事件应激评分的增高,可能是抑郁情绪产生的原因之一。结论：对农村特殊的心理因素应引起社会广泛关注。     

妇科门诊妇女HPV感染状况及其影响因素研究

目的 了解该地区妇科门诊妇女HPV感染状况及其影响因素.方法 通过HPV检测与分型,了解HPV感染率及亚型分布特点;观察HPV感染与年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭收入情况、婚姻情况、月经情况、生育情况、避孕情况、妇科患病情况、性生活情况等相关关系.结果 该地区妇科门诊妇女HPV感染检出率为21.69％,感染亚型主要为HPV16、HPV6、HPV52、HPV11、HPV58.HPV感染人群中,以18～29岁和50 ～65岁年龄段检出率较高;居住城市人群HPV感染率为25.30％,高于居住农村的18.06％ （P ＜0.05）;家庭人均年收入≥5000元人群HPV感染率为25.90％,高于家庭人均年收入＜5000元人群的17.25％ （P ＜0.05）;未婚/离异/分居人群HPV感染率为33.94％,高于已婚人群的18.97％ （P ＜0.05）;性伴侣数量≥2人群HPV感染率为31.71％,高于单一性伴侣数量人群的20.30％（P＜0.05）.结论 年龄、居住环境、收入、婚姻状况及性伴侣数量是影响HPV感染的主要危险因素,加强门诊妇女HPV检测可及时了解本地区妇女HPV感染状况及亚型分布特点.     

四川省某县城乡居民慢性病情况、就医现状与经济负担调查

目的：了解四川省某县城乡居民慢性病情况、就医现状及经济负担情况,为卫生预防及卫生服务体系发展提供政策依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷表,对2013年7月随机抽取的1000名威远县城乡居民进行问卷调查,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果95.2%的居民均患不同程度的慢性病,多数是农村高于城市;高血压患病率为48.1%,明显高于全国平均水平;慢性病患者对所患疾病的了解程度均很低。城市患者多在市级医院就医,相对更看重高诊疗水平,农村患者多在私人诊所就医,相对更看重低就诊费;明知患病却不就医的情况仍普遍,即使就医仍有超过80.0%患者没有完全按照医嘱执行。51.6%的城市患者和51.8%的农村患者家庭每月人均收入为＆gt;500~2000元;70.0%的城市患者和68.0%的农村患者均认为医疗总费用勉强可以接受,其中门诊挂号费排在易接受的首位,住院药品费排在难以接受的首位;64.3%的患者未参加医疗保险,且有19.9%的城市患者和9.1%的农村患者仍然认为医疗保险报销完全不能解决看病贵问题。结论城乡居民的基本健康状况不容乐观,慢性病患者的健康素养普遍较低,并面临很重的经济负担,农村情况较城市严重。提高居民健康素养,加强医疗机构建设与管理,稳步健康发展西部地区经济,改革和完善医疗保障制度,对改善现状可能是行之有效的方法。     

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF ABSTINENCE AND EXCESSIVE DRINKING IN THE GREEK POPULATION

The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of abstinence and drinking patterns among 14,367 Greeks. Participants older than 60, single and widowed men, as well as participants living outside the Greater Athens area were significantly more likely to abstain than to be “light to moderate” drinkers. In contrast, those at higher educational levels and those separated or divorced were less likely to abstain than their counterparts. With respect to excessive drinking, older people and those at higher educational levels were less likely to engage excessive drinking than their counterparts. Among men, subjects who were separated or divorced were more likely to drink excessively than those who were married.

The results of our study help detect groups at high risk for diseases associated with high or low consumption of alcohol, and outline preventive strategies.     

Epidemiology of Panic Disorder

International community surveys generally agree that panic disorder occurs in adults with a lifetime prevalence of up to 3 per cent and a 6-month or 1-year prevalence of about 1 per cent. Although all sociodemographic groups are affected, panic disorder is most prevalent in women, people under the age of 50 years, people who are divorced or separated and those who live in an urban area. Aetiological factors include familial and genetic aspects, and developmental variables, such as parental loss and separation during childhood, stressful life events and social environmental difficulties. A major problem associated with panic disorder is risk of suicide. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.