The morbidity of CT air meatography: a follow-up of 84 patients

At present CT air meatography is the examination of choice for all patients suspected of having a small acoustic neuroma not demonstrated by high resolution contrast enhanced computed tomography. Several publications have indicated that the examination is innocuous and can be carried out on an outpatient basis. An analysis of the side effects of this procedure in 84 patients suggests that it carries a significant morbidity and patients undergoing this examination should be admitted to hospital for at least 24 hours.     

工位送风对载人航天器座舱空气品质的影响

目的 研究微重力下工位送风对乘员工作区空气品质的影响,为载人航天器座舱通风系统设计提供参考.方法 为评价工位送风的性能,首先提出了工位送风评价指标--工位区空气新鲜度比,然后采用商业计算流体力学(CFD)软件以双侧送风为背景空调,分析了不同工位送风量和出风速度对舱内乘员工位区空气品质的影响.结果 得出了不同工位送风量和出风速度下的CO2浓度、空气龄、工位区空气新鲜度比和工位区风速分布情况,以及有无工位送风下工位区的空气品质的比较结果.结论 研究表明,工位送风利用小风量就可以达到局部环境与较大风量相当,符合航天器轻量化的要求,故在航天器内增加工位送风是非常有意义的.同时,模拟结果表示,在相同总风量下加大工位送风量后,工位区的几项性能指标均有所改善;在工位风量一定的情况下,CO2浓度、空气龄和新鲜度比随风速提高改善并不明显,不过工位区风速会有明显提高,有助于改善沉闷感.     

洁净实验室空气洁净度测定

洁净实验室经紫外线照射４５ｍｉｎ后，开启空气净化系统３０ｍｉｎ，用平板沉降法测定洁净实验室及净化工作台内净化空气沉降菌数。细菌在３７℃培养２４ｈ，霉菌在２５℃培养７２ｈ，以两种菌每平板菌落平均值（ｃｆｕ／Ｐ）之和作为测点净化空气沉降菌数。结果表明，３台净化工作台各经７次测定，ｃｆｕ／Ｐ＜１，细胞实验室经８次测定，ｃｆｕ／Ｐ＝２．９，病毒实验室经７次测定，ｃｆｕ／Ｐ＝２．５，均符合法规标准     

居住舱通风系统送风形式对气流速度分布的影响

目的 分析舱内送风方式对舱内气流速度分布的影响,评价多孔材料模型预测孔板进风支管的可行性.方法 以某地面模拟居住舱为例,采用实验和数值模拟的方法给出梯形送风管道及孔板进风支管出流两种方案下居住舱的流场分布,并预测了舱段间回风对舱内流场的影响.结果 1)多孔材料模型可以比较准确地预测孔板进风支管流量,但无法实现孔板射流效应的模拟,舱内流场速度预测值略小于实验结果;2)当孔板进风支管与梯形送风管道两种方案下支管流量相差不大时,两者的舱内流速分布类似;3)舱段间回风会明显改善舱内气流分布.结论 合理的梯形送风管道和孔板进风支管两种方案下舱内速度分布类似,均可满足居住舱通风要求,舱段间回风气流会提高舱内气流速度.此外,在采用雷诺应力方程预测居住舱流场分布,且舱内紊流效应较大时,应采用瞬时速度评价舱内流速分布.     

Air esophagram after laryngectomy

Air in the esophagus is frequently visible on chest radiographs of patients who have undergone laryngectomy (15/30; 50%). It is more frequently seen in those who successfully use esophageal speech (11/18; 61%) than in those who do not (4/12; 33%). The esophagus may be dilated, totally air filled, and contain an air-fluid level. A discussion of the physiology of esophageal speech and a differential diagnosis of esophageal air are presented. An air esophagram in patients using esophageal speech after laryngectomy in the absence of symptoms of an obstructing lesion should not be considered abnormal.     

Air medical transport systems as a health-care integrator. Association of Air Medical Services

Air medical transport services are an essential, cost-effective component of health-care delivery in the United States. Air medical transport services provide rapid access to high-quality, sophisticated medical technologies over large geographic areas. They reduce the cost of duplicating resources by obviating the need to provide similar levels of access and service at multiple locals in the region. The sophistication and quality of care maintained during transport provides a level of services not available with traditional ground transport services, particularly in rural areas. Air medical transport services also facilitate linkages between primary, secondary and tertiary-care facilities, allowing integration of programs and services to create regionalized systems of healthcare. While numerous strategies are necessary to reduce health-care costs in the United States without reducing quality and access, air medical transport systems are uniquely positioned to support the efficient integration of regional healthcare services, while maintaining the highest standards of care for patients.     

通风服通风组件流率分配的测量与估算

为测量通风服通风组件的流率分配，结果显示：通风组件在常用的稳定流率（１００～１６０Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）工作状态下，头部，上肢，下肢的流率分配比均稳定在３５％，３５％，３０％左右。但流率波动较大或供气不足时，不具备这一稳定的流率分配比，实验使用的测量方法简单可靠，并建立了一种通过测量流阻估算各部门的流率及流率分配的简单办法，流率分配的测量结果与相应的计算结果相差不超过２％。