肿块深度对乳腺超声弹性成像检查结果的影响分析

目的探究超声弹性成像(UE)中肿瘤深度对于判断乳腺肿物的良、恶性影响。方法选取本院2017年1月~2018年10月间收治的178例因乳腺肿块行手术切除患者为观察对象,纳入病灶200个。依据肿瘤深度不同分4组。对所有的患者在术前均予以常规超声检查以及超声弹性成像检查,对比不同深度肿瘤的UE成像情况、分析诊断效能(准确度、特异度、灵敏度以及阴、阳性预测值),对比良恶性乳腺肿瘤UE成像检查的阳性率。结果诊断良性病灶114个、恶性病灶86个;D组成像效果与A、B、C组相比的UE成像效果更差(P<0.05);A组特异度与B、C、D组的对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组准确度显著高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),UE成像技术对恶性病灶的诊断阳性率显著更高(P<0.05)。结论在乳腺超声弹性成像检查中,对于乳腺肿物的良、恶性成像质量,诊断的特异度与准确度均受到肿瘤深度的影响。     

空勤人员高尿酸血症人员的分析

目的了解空勤人员高尿酸血症与心血管疾病危险因素相关性。方法选取东航上海公司的空勤人员795人,收集每人的血尿酸,空腹血糖,血脂等,分成高尿酸组和非高尿酸组,统计高尿酸组与心血管危险因素的关系。结果高尿酸组的年龄,TC,TG,及心血管疾病的患病率均高于非高尿酸组。结论高尿酸血症与心血管疾病密切相关,是心血管疾病的危险因素之一。     

Evaluation of the usefulness of the limited cone-beam CT (3DX) in the assessment of the thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa of the temporomandibular joint

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the limited cone-beam X-ray CT (3DX) (Morita Co., Japan) in measuring the thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (RGF) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one TMJs removed at autopsy from 21 cadavers were investigated macroscopically using dissection and 3DX imaging. A Digimatic Outside Micrometer and a 3DX-image tool were used to measure the minimum thickness of the RGF. Multiple measurements were made to identify the thinnest area. Once the thinnest areas had been identified, three linear measurements were made and the average value was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average macroscopic examination measurement was 1.37 mm (range 0.55-3.6 mm) and the average 3DX image measurement was 1.22 mm (range: 0.51-3.0 mm). There was no significant difference between these two groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). The Spearman's correlation coefficient by rank between these two groups was r = 0.93(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that bone thickness measurements of the RGF by 3DX imaging was effective.     

Tendinopathy of the tendon of the long head of the biceps

Pathologies of tendon of the long head of the biceps (LHB) are an important cause of shoulder pain. They include tendinopathy, rupture, superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions, pulley tears, and tendon instability. Conservative management of symptomatic LHB tendinopathy is commonly accepted as the first-line treatment. It consists of rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy. Biceps tenotomy and tenodesis are the most common surgical procedures to manage both isolated LHB pathology and biceps-glenoid complex tears combined with rotator cuff tears. However, controversy persists about the superiority of one of them because there is no evidence of significant differences in functional scores or patient satisfaction between the 2 techniques. This article provides an overview on biomechanical function of the LHB and current strategies for treatment of LHB disorders.     

大气压变化对咽鼓管通气阻力的影响及耳气压伤的预防

目的探讨咽鼓管通气阻力(VRET)是否随大气压变化而变化,并了解呼气压大于咽鼓管通气阻力的正压呼吸能否预防耳气压伤。方法8名健康男性,咽鼓管通气阻力<6kPa,在海拔28m和1180m高度的大气压条件下,用咽鼓管通气阻力测量仪测量VRET,比较其相对值和绝对值。另在压力舱内做增压试验:每2人一组,互为试验者和对照者。试验组经面罩予以6kPa的呼气正压,对照组正常呼吸。高压舱以0.5kPa/s增压速率增压至5kPa,两组均不进行其他任何主动或被动开放咽鼓管的措施,测鼓室腔压力。以同样速率增压至50kPa,试验组条件不变,对照组可进行主动或被动开放咽鼓管的措施,测鼓室压。结果在海拔28m,测量的VRET相对值是3.7kPa(27.75mmHg);在1180m高度,测量的VRET相对值是3.8kPa(28.50mmHg)。经t检验,两地高度VRET的相对值差异无显著性意义,高压舱增压至5kPa时,试验组和对照组鼓室压差值162.1±75.4daPa(P<0.01)。增压至50kPa时,试验组和对照组鼓室压差值2.86±6.19daPa(P>0.05)。结论当人体的环境气压发生变化时,VRET相对值无显著变化。经面罩提供大于VRET的压力,可以使咽鼓管被动开放,预防耳气压伤。     

Transverse anastomoses of the veins at the base of the brain

Summary Venous anastomoses at the base of the brain are represented by the anterior and posterior communicating veins. The anterior communicating vein anastomoses with the anterior cerebral veins. The posterioir communicating veins join the basal veins through the interpenduncular veins. The functional value of these venous anastomoses is less important than that of the arterial polygon of Willis. This anastomotic function depends on anatomical constancy and on the calibre of these transverse veins. Under certain pathological conditions the variations of intracranial pressure result in contralateral venous drainage through these anterior and posterior anastomotic veins.Presented at the 5th Congress of the European Society of Neuroradiology-GEILO (Norway), 4–6 September 1975.     

Roentgen diagnosis of the medial part of the base of the skull

The median section of the base of the skull offers many diagnostic problems in radiology. Findings of the plain radiographs and tomographs, of computed tomography and angiography are demonstrated in cases of space-occupying growths of the sella region, lesions of the fossa temporalis and of the region of the pyramid of the medulla oblongata, from a differential diagnostic viewpoint. Sequelae of traumas are discussed separately.     

Roentgen diagnosis of the posterior part of the base of the skull

Since the cranial nerves and the base of the skull are spatially close to each other, certain complexes of symptoms and signs give a very accurate indication of the possible location of the lesion. Basing on such neurologic-topical structuralisation, lesions of the cerebrellopontine angle, the foramen jugulare, the clivus and of the foramen magnum are discussed systematically. The various techniques of radiological imaging or examination are assessed in accordance with their diagnostic ranking, and characteristic constellations of findings are described.     

Surface lesions of the bones of the hand

Surface lesions involving the bones of the hand are uncommon. This pictorial review illustrates the spectrum of conditions including benign primary bone tumours, malignant primary bone tumours and non-neoplastic disorders. The review focuses on the radiographic appearances of these lesions and other techniques such as CT and MR imaging that may suggest a specific diagnosis.