高师生社会支持、孤独感与生活满意度的关系研究

目的 探讨社会支持、孤独感和生活满意度的关系.方法 采用社会支持评定量表、感情与社会孤独量表与生活满意度量表对328名高师生进行调查.结果 ①相关分析表明,社会支持、孤独感与生活满意度均两两呈显著正相关(r=-0.13～0.41,P＜0.05);②回归分析表明,孤独感是影响生活满意度的不完全中介(t=1.98～-8.0...     

Life satisfaction and social anxiety among left-behind children in rural China: The mediating role of loneliness

This study examined the mediating effects of loneliness in the relationship between social anxiety and life satisfaction. Four hundred and forty two left-behind children in rural China, who completed the Social Anxiety Subscale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale, participated in the study. Results indicated that compared with both parent migration children, the scores of life satisfaction in the mother-only and father-only migration children were strongly higher, but did not differ across genders and ages. Additionally, social anxiety and loneliness negative predicted life satisfaction. More important, the mediation analysis revealed a partial mediating effect of loneliness in the links from social anxiety to life satisfaction. These findings call on more attention from the government and related sectors of society, and propose that loneliness improvement program may have a preventive function for promoting the life satisfaction among left-behind children.     

精神科护士孤独感与社会支持的调查

目的探讨精神科护士的孤独感及社会支持程度。方法用社会支持评定量表和UCLA孤独量表对精神科护士53人和综合科护士49人进行随机问卷调查。结果精神科护士的孤独感在文化程度上有显著性差异(P<0.001),学历越低,孤独感就越重;精神科护士的孤独感高于综合科护士(t=2.804,P<0.01),而社会支持程度明显低于综合科护士(t=-2.133~-3.072,P<0.05~0.01);社会支持度与孤独感有明显相关性(r=-0.366~-0.544,P<0.001)。结论提高精神科护士的社会支持度,有利于降低孤独感,促进护理人员的心理健康,提高护理质量。     

Impact of perceived social support on depression in Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrants: The mediating effects of loneliness and resilience

The present study aimed to examine whether loneliness and resilience played the roles of mediators on the relationship between perceived social support and depression. A total of 712 Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrants from Nanjing, who were measured with perceived social support, resilience, loneliness, and depression, participated in the study. Results indicated that perceived social support and resilience were negatively associated with depression. Loneliness was a significant and negative predictor for depression. In addition, we also revealed that resilience and loneliness partially mediated the relationship between perceived social support and depression. These findings might develop a better understanding of depression in the course of migration.     

城市老人孤独感和生活满意度的相关性

目的:主要探讨城市老人孤独感与生活满意度的关系。方法:采用城市空巢老人孤独感预测问卷和生活满意度量表,对广东省肇庆市端州区社区随机抽取的210名60岁以上老年人进行问卷调查。结果:1对城市老人的孤独感有显著影响的因素有年龄、性别、受教育程度、经济来源、健康状况和探望次数(P0.05);2对生活满意度有显著影响的因素有经济来源、健康状况和探望次数(P0.05);3孤独感总分与生活满意度呈显著负相关(r=-0.222,P0.05)。结论:城市老人孤独感与生活满意度呈显著负相关,减轻老人的孤独感可以提高老人的生活满意度。     

大学生父母教养方式、领悟社会支持、孤独感与主观幸福感的关系

目的探讨大学生父母教养方式、领悟社会支持、孤独感与主观幸福感的关系。方法对南昌市9所高校的764名大学生采用Campbell幸福感量表、父母教养方式量表、领悟社会支持量表、孤独量表进行调查。结果①相关分析表明主观幸福感与父母教养方式、领悟社会支持、孤独感各因子及总分相关具有统计学意义;②逐步多元回归分析表明,孤独总分、朋友支持、父亲过度保护、父亲情感温暖和理解4个因子对主观幸福感的联合解释量最大(R2=0.197,F=40.79,P<0.001);③路径分析表明,孤独感作为中介变量对家庭教养方式、社会支持和主观幸福感关系产生影响。结论①大学生主观幸福感总体处于中等水平;②父母的情感温暖和理解,领悟到更多的社会支持,有利于降低个体的孤独感增加主观幸福感。     

微博使用者心理健康状况

目的了解微博使用者心理健康的现状及各维度间的关系。方法随机选取宁波市某大学374名学生,分别用自尊量表、领悟社会支持量表、社交回避及苦恼量表、孤独量表、信任他人量表和人脸量表进行调查。结果 1微博使用者在社会支持和人际信任2个因子上得分均显著低于未使用者(t=-3.907,-2.060;P0.01),而在社交回避因子上,微博使用者得分显著高于未使用者(t=2.890,P0.05);2自尊与社会支持、人际信任、幸福感呈正相关(P0.01),而与社交回避、孤独感均呈负相关(P0.01);社会支持与幸福感呈正相关(P0.01),与社交回避、孤独感均呈负相关(P0.01);社交回避与孤独感呈正相关(P0.01),与人际信任、幸福感均呈负相关(P0.01)。结论与非使用者相比,微博使用者心理健康整体水平较差;微博使用者的自尊、社会支持、社交回避、孤独感、人际信任及幸福感各维度之间相互影响。     

Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and emotional well-being of older adults

Older adults faced unique challenges in the pandemic due to their increased vulnerability to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. Pandemic-related restrictions such as physical distancing, stay-at-home orders, lock-down, and mandatory face cover affected older adults in unique ways. Additionally, older adults experienced psychosocial concerns related to discrimination based on ageism and emotional distress from exposure to conflicting messages in the media. They experienced several forms of loss and associated grief and survivor guilt. Pandemic added to their loneliness and social isolation. Furthermore, older adults experienced the fear and anxiety related to COVID and the fear of contracting the disease and dying from it. Pandemic experience included events potential to generate the desire and capability for suicide. Several studies report varying symptoms such as loneliness, anxiety, and depression among older adults during the pandemic. However, during the initial months of the pandemic, there were reports on coping and resilience among this population. The impact of COVID-19 on older adults’ mental health may have long-term implications. This narrative review examines the impact of COVID-19 on older adults’ mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. Additionally, the review highlights various factors that affected their psychosocial wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Attachment, social support and well-being in young and older adults

The present study examined the link between attachment, social support and well-being in young and older adults. The results from multi-group path analyses showed significant between-group differences in the links between attachment, perceived support and well-being. Anxious attachment and well-being were inversely associated and this was stronger for the younger group than it was for the older group. Avoidant attachment was negatively related to perceived support satisfaction in the older age group only, and perceived support mediated the effects of avoidant attachment on mental health and loneliness in the older group. Generally, perceived satisfaction with support was more strongly related with well-being in older adults. The results point to differential links of insecure attachment styles with perceived support in different life-stages and to related cognitive, emotional and social processes.     

亲子社会支持对四川留守老人孤独感的影响

目的 了解四川省自贡市农村留守老人的孤独感与老人的孝顺期待、子女间亲子支持的关系.方法 采用UCLA孤独量表、亲子社会支持问卷对四川自贡农村留守老年人进行问卷调查.结果 农村留守老人的孤独感得分显著高于常模（t=8.326,P＜0.001）;低亲子支持的农村老人孤独感显著高于中、高亲子支持的农村老人的孤独感（F=8.121,P＜0.001）.结论 ①农村留守老人的孤独感较高;②亲子社会支持对老人的孤独感体验有显著的影响,老人的亲子支持越低,孤独感越高.     

硕士研究生人际信任、社会支持与孤独感的关系研究

目的了解在校硕士研究生的人际信任、社会支持和孤独感的现状,并探讨三者之间的关系。方法采用人际信任量表(ITS)、社会支持量表(SSRS)和孤独感量表(UCLA)对太原市3所大学的300名在校研究生进行调查。结果①人际信任(t=4.221,P0.001)和支持的利用度(t=-3.375,P=0.001)在性别上存在显著差异;主观支持(t=2.268,P0.05)、社会支持总分(t=2.292,P0.05)在是否婚恋上存在差异;孤独感在年级上存在差异(F=3.17,P0.05);②人际信任总分和社会支持得分存在负相关(R=-0.21,P0.05),和孤独感得分呈正相关(R=0.32,P0.05),社会支持和孤独感呈显著负相关(R=-0.51,P0.001);③通过逐步回归,从回归方程可以看出人际信任和社会支持可以预测孤独感29.6%的变化量。结论研究生的人际信任、社会支持和孤独感两两呈显著相关,人际信任和社会支持可以有效预测孤独感。     

Loneliness and attachment patterns in young adults

Loneliness is a pervasive problem for many young adults. How early attachment patterns affect later development of loneliness was investigated in a college sample. Forty-seven young adults residing in Los Angeles were screened for race, disability, age and SES and then administered an attachment history questionnaire and several measures of loneliness, including the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Pearson correlations revealed a moderate to strong relationship between feeling lonely and early disrupted attachment. The results of the study are consistent with Bowlby's notion that underlying attachment disorders may affect subsequent psychological development and social behavior.     

Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator

This study explored the influences of social participation and the mediating effects of social support on the mental health of Chinese elderly based on data from the 2012 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). The participants comprised 696 older adults in CLASS, including 340 (48.9%) male and 354 (50.9%) female. The mean age of the sample was 68 (standard deviation = 7.08). The results of structural equation modeling showed that social participation was significantly associated with the life satisfaction and depression of the elderly. A high level of social participation was associated with more social support and consequently predicted few depressive symptoms among older adults. However, social support was not significantly associated with life satisfaction of the elderly. Our findings provided cross‐cultural evidence for theories, and had significant implications for social work practice and social policy.     

The relationship among social support,self‐esteem,affect balance and loneliness in individuals with substance use disorders in China

This study analyzed the potential mediating role of self‐esteem and affect balance on the relationship between social support and loneliness. Respondents were 426 substabce use disorders from the Shifosi and Dalianshan rehab facilities in China who had completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scales, and UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results indicated that self‐esteem and affect balance fully mediated the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness and all the paths, ranging from social support through self‐esteem and affect balance to loneliness, were significant. Finally, we analyzed possible approaches to decreasing individuals with substance use disorders' loneliness.     

家庭功能及社会支持对农村老年人孤独的影响

目的:探讨社会支持及家庭功能对农村老年人孤独的影响。方法:分层整群抽取安徽省三个乡镇5652名≥60岁的农村老年人,采用统一调查表进行问卷调查。结果:农村老年人独孤平均得分为41.92±9.22分。高年龄组、文化程度低、未婚、离异或丧偶、家庭经济收入低、家庭人口数少、家庭功能和社会支持不好的老年人,孤独评分较高。逐步回归分析结果表明,家庭功能、主观支持、支持利用度等变量可显著预测孤独。结论:农村老年人孤独较为普遍;家庭功能和社会支持是影响老年人孤独的重要因素。     

抑郁、焦虑、孤独情绪与书写特征

目的：探索抑郁、焦虑、孤独情绪与书写特征的关系。方法：使用自编的书写特征评分系统及BDI、STAI等量表对480个大学生被试进行评定，使用AMOS4软件建立结构方程模型。结果：在对高低抑郁、焦虑、孤独组被试的比较分析中，发现高分组多项书写特征得分与低分组相比具有显著统计学差异。使用结构方程模型技术建立四个相应的模型，均有较好的拟合，证实抑郁、焦虑和孤独对书写存在重要影响。应用书写特征变量对抑郁、焦虑以及孤独进行多元回归分析，发现在控制了性别因素后，有较好的效度。结论：表现一个人书写特征的笔迹与个体的抑郁、焦虑及孤独情绪有密切关系。     

高师贫困生社会支持的特点及与孤独感的关系

目的探讨高师贫困生社会支持的特点及其与孤独感的关系,为高师院校心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）,UCLA孤独量表对204名贫困生和196名非贫困生进行测查。结果①高师贫困生的客观支持显著高于非贫困生（t=2．058,P〈0．05）,主观支持、支持利用度、支持总分的差异不显著;②高师贫困生的社会支持不存在性别差异,支持利用度年级差异显著（F=3．328,P〈0．05）,大一学生的支持利用度显著高于大二和大三学生;③不同社会支持水平的高师贫困生孤独感差异显著（F=26．737,P〈0．001）,社会支持水平越高,孤独感越低;④回归分析表明,主观支持、支持利用、客观支持均能负向预测孤独感（β=-0．276,P〈0．001;β=-0．230,P〈0．01;β=-0．174,P〈0．05）。结论高师贫困生与非贫困生客观支持存在差异,高师贫困生支持利用度的年级差异显著,社会支持对孤独感有显著影响。     

成人后期抑郁情绪的年龄特征及其相关因素研究

目的：对成人后期抑郁情绪的年龄特征及相关因素进行研究。方法：选取被试225名,年龄范围55－75岁。采用CES－D量表和自编背景问卷,测评其抑郁情绪、生活满意感、婚姻满意感、社会支持、健康状况、受教育水平和经济状况,并进行有关统计分析。结果：进入成人后期以后,抑郁情绪随年龄增长而呈下降趋势,55－59岁年龄组的抑郁总分显著高于60－64岁、65－69岁和70－75岁年龄组;生活满意感和社会支持感是预测抑郁情绪产生的直接因素;婚姻满意感和健康状况通过影响生活满意感和社会支持感对抑郁情绪产生间接作用。结论：成人后期抑郁情绪随年龄增长而减轻,这种改变与自我感受到的满意度和支持感有关。     

Associations of loneliness and social isolation with actigraph and self-reported sleep quality in a national sample of older adults

Study ObjectivesTo examine associations of social isolation and loneliness with sleep in older adults and whether associations differ for survey and actigraph sleep measures.MethodsThis study used data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally representative study of community-dwelling older adults born 1920–1947. A random one-third of participants in 2010–2011 were invited to participate in a sleep study (N = 759) that included survey questions, 72 hours of wrist actigraphy, and a sleep log. Perceived loneliness was measured using three questions from the UCLA Loneliness Scale. An index of social isolation was constructed from nine items that queried social network characteristics and social interactions. We used ordinary least squares and ordinal logistic regression to examine whether sleep measures were associated with loneliness and social isolation adjusted for potential sociodemographic confounders.ResultsSocial isolation and loneliness had a low correlation (Spearman’s correlation = 0.20). Both loneliness and social isolation were associated with actigraphy measures of more disrupted sleep: wake after sleep onset and percent sleep. Neither was associated with actigraph total sleep time. Increased loneliness was strongly associated with more insomnia symptoms and with shorter sleep duration assessed by a single question, but social isolation was not. More isolated individuals spent a longer time in bed.ConclusionsWe found that both loneliness and social isolation were associated with worse actigraph sleep quality, but their associations with self-reported sleep differed. Only loneliness was associated with worse and shorter self-reported sleep.     

The influence of social support on loneliness and depression among older elderly people in China: Coping styles as mediators

This study examines the direct effect of social support and the mediating effects of coping styles on loneliness and depression of older elderly people in China using data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. Our sample includes 905 males and 741 females aged 75 years and over. The mean age of the sample is 79.71 (standard deviation = 4.01). We use structural equation modeling to show that social support is significantly negatively associated with the incidence of loneliness and depression among older elderly people. Higher levels of social support are also significantly negatively associated with the use of negative coping styles and consequently predict fewer symptoms of loneliness and depression. A higher level of social support is significantly positively associated with positive coping styles and consequently predicts fewer depressive symptoms. However, positive coping styles are not significantly associated with loneliness. These findings emphasize the importance of social networks in resilience and have significant implications for gerontological social work practice in China.