临时球囊置入髂总动脉在凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入中的应用

目的：探讨临时性球囊置入髂总动脉在凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入剖宫产术中的临床应用。方法回顾分析5例经超声或 MR 检查诊断为凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入患者,其中1例为 Rh(-)血型患者。剖宫产术前预置临时球囊于双侧髂总动脉,数字减影血管造影(DSA)明确球囊导管位置后,固定导管送产科手术室,术中待胎儿娩出后迅速充盈球囊,剖宫产术后6~8 h拔除球囊导管。观察并记录失血量、输血量、子宫切除率、接受 X 射线照射时间及剂量。结果5例临时性球囊置入髂总动脉均获得成功。出血量<500 mL 者1例,500~1000 mL 者4例。1例因胎盘组织植入过深达浆膜层,穿透性胎盘,短时间内出血较为凶猛,行子宫次全切除术。其余4例保留子宫。结论剖宫产术前髂总动脉置入临时球囊能够减少剖宫产术中失血量、输血量,且能降低因术中不可控制的出血而继发子宫切除的风险。     

The prominent hypointense vessel sign on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) as a potential imaging biomarker for poor clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS)

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique used in the workup and diagnosis of brain pathologies. In the context of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), it is increasingly becoming useful in the diagnosis, treatment, and further management of these patients. An elderly man with metabolic syndrome presented to us with an acute onset of right sided body weakness and aphasia. Urgent imaging via MRI noted a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch was noted with an acute infarct involving the left MCA territory; hence, treatment with intravenous (IV) thrombolysis was administered. On SWI, the prominent hypointense vessel sign was noted. Recanalization of the occluded left MCA was seen on diagnostic cerebral angiography post IV thrombolysis, however, the patient was noted to have early neurological deterioration (END) and poor early stage clinical outcome, despite repeat MRI showing recanalization of the left MCA occlusion and reversal of the prominent hypointense vessel sign on SWI. Presence of the prominent hypointense vessel sign on SWI in AIS patients is associated with poor clinical outcome, unsuccessful recanalization rates, END, poor early stage clinical outcome, and infarct core progression. Some studies have shown an association between this imaging sign and poor collateral circulation status. Therefore, this imaging sign could potentially prove to be a useful imaging biomarker. However, more studies are needed to validate this theory.     

高龄重症急性胆管炎患者内镜治疗与外科手术治疗对比观察(附84例报告)

目的:探讨内镜治疗70岁以上高危重症急性胆管炎(ACST)患者的临床应用价值。方法：70岁以上高危ACST84例,分成外科手术组(n=48)及内镜治疗组(n=36),观察治疗结果。结果:临床治愈72例,其中手术治疗组治愈率81．2％,内镜治疗组治愈率91．6％;与手术治疗组比较,内镜治疗组病死率由18．8％降至9．1％,并发症发生率由37．5％降至13．9％,平均引流时间由39．4天降至18．6天,总治疗时间由46．2天缩短至22．8天。结论:内镜治疗是高龄高危ACST患者的首选治疗方法,具有操作简便、微创、安全有效的特点,尤其适用于一般情况差、伴发多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)以及有胆道手术史者。     

Cerebral neoplastic enhancing lesions: Multicenter,randomized, crossover intraindividual comparison between gadobutrol (1.0 M) and gadoterate meglumine (0.5 M) at 0.1 mmol Gd/kg body weight in a clinical setting

Objective

Two macrocyclic extracellular contrast agents, one-molar neutral gadobutrol and ionic gadoterate meglumine, were compared to determine the overall preference for one or the other in a clinical setting.

Materials and methods

Multicenter, randomized, single-blind, intra-individually controlled, comparison study with a corresponding blinded read. Efficacy analysis was based on 136 patients who underwent identical MRI examinations: group A first received 1.0 M gadobutrol followed by 0.5 M gadoterate meglumine 48 h to 7 days later; group B had a reversed administration order. Three independent blinded readers assessed off-site their overall diagnostic preference (primary efficacy parameter) based on a matched pairs approach.

Results

Superiority of gadobutrol over gadoterate meglumine was demonstrated for the qualitative assessment of overall preference across all readers by a statistically significant difference between both contrast agents for this primary endpoint. Preferences in lesion enhancement (secondary endpoint) were also found significantly in favor of gadobutrol. For preference in lesion delineation from surrounding tissue/edema and for internal structure only a trend towards a higher proportion for gadobutrol was found (except for internal structure reported by one reader, which showed a result of statistical significance). Lesion contrast and relative lesion enhancement (quantitative parameters) were statistically significantly higher for gadobutrol compared to gadoterate meglumine.

Conclusion

Contrast-enhanced MRI of neoplastic brain lesions at a dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg body weight, assessed in a standardized off-site blinded reading, results in a significantly higher qualitative and quantitative preference for gadobutrol compared to gadoterate meglumine.     

Perfusion MRI before and after acetazolamide administration for assessment of cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion: comparison with <Superscript>99m</Superscript>Tc-ECD SPECT

Introduction Impaired cerebral vascular reserve (CVR) in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is regarded as a possible indication for performing extra-/intracranial (EC/IC) bypass surgery. As perfusion MR imaging (MRI) can demonstrate cerebral haemodynamics at capillary level, our hypothesis was that perfusion MRI could be used in these patients for the evaluation of CVR following acetazolamide challenge in a similar way to single photon emission CT (SPECT) and might provide additional information. Methods Enrolled in the study were 12 patients (mean age 61.3 years; 11 male, 1 female) with symptomatic unilateral ICA occlusion proven by angiography. Both perfusion MRI and 99m-technetium-ethyl-cysteinate dimer (^99mTc-ECD) SPECT were performed before and after injection of acetazolamide (Diamox ,1000 mg i.v.). CVR parameters including regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and volume (rCBV), and mean transit times (MTT) were measured by perfusion MRI. Results The patients with impaired CVR proven by SPECT (n = 9) had a negative mean rCBF increment (−46.52%), negative rCBV increment (−13.5%) and delayed MTT (mean +2.98 s), respectively, on the occluded side (Student’s t-test all P < 0.05). The patients with sufficient CVR (n = 3) had a mean rCBF increment of 1.2%, a decrement of rCBV of 10.46%, and a mean MTT shortening of 0.27 s following the acetazolamide injection. Conclusions Perfusion MRI before and after acetazolamide administration compares favourably with ^99mTc-ECD SPECT for the detection of impaired CVR. The impact that perfusion MRI studies (before and after acetazolamide administration) might have on the treatment decision in patients with ICA occlusion has yet to be determined by a prospective study. The first and second author contributed equally to this study.