牡丹皮药材规格等级初探

目的 探索牡丹皮中主要活性成分的积累量与根的粗细、根的组织结构之间的相关性,为评价牡丹皮质量及牡丹皮药材规格等级的划分提供科学依据。方法 采集安徽省亳州栽培5年生凤丹根系,将根系中的根依据粗细、长度及部位分别进行划分。同时收集市场常见不同规格的牡丹皮商品。采用高效液相色谱法同时测定各样品中芍药苷和丹皮酚含量。结果 在不同等级中,四等牡丹皮中芍药苷含量最高,一等牡丹皮中丹皮酚含量最高;芍药苷含量在主根中最少,在支根中最多;市场上连丹比刮丹中芍药苷含量高,刮丹比连丹中丹皮酚含量高。结论 细的牡丹皮中芍药苷含量反而高,由此推测芍药苷在周皮中积累量较多。由于芍药苷和丹皮酚积累量的趋势相反,因此牡丹皮质量标准有待进一步研究。     

牡丹皮不同炮制品UPLC指纹图谱及多成分含量测定研究

目的 建立牡丹皮及其炮制品的超高效液相(UPLC)指纹图谱,并测定没食子酸、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)、对羟基苯甲酸、氧化芍药苷、芍药苷、苯甲酸、1,2,3,4,6-O-五没食子酰葡萄糖、丹皮酚等8个指标成分的质量分数,为牡丹皮药材质量标准的提高提供依据.方法 采用Zorbax Eclipse Plus-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱,以质量分数0.1%甲酸水溶液-质量分数0.05%甲酸甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.2 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,建立牡丹皮及其炮制品的UPLC指纹图谱,同时对以上8个成分进行测定.结果 建立了生丹皮、炒丹皮及丹皮炭3种药材的UPLC指纹图谱,以丹皮酚为参照峰,生丹皮和炒丹皮各标定了17个共有峰,丹皮炭标定了8个共有峰,除1批丹皮炭相似度为0.857外,样品与对照指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.944;除了苯甲酸的质量分数无明显变化外,其余化合物在牡丹皮炮制前后均有不同程度的增加或减少.结论 建立的UPLC指纹图谱及含量测定方法均具有较好的重现性,且分析时间短,方便快速,二者结合可直观地反映生丹皮、炒丹皮及丹皮炭3种药材之间成分的差异.     

薄层色谱梯度展开法鉴别牡丹皮和徐长卿配方颗粒

目的:建立牡丹皮和徐长卿配方颗粒的薄层色谱鉴别方法.方法:采用10 cm×10 cm硅胶吸附剂薄层板和两种溶剂系统,梯度展开薄层色谱法.结果:荧光薄层板在254 nm下观察和显色剂显色均显示牡丹皮配方颗粒有丹皮酚和芍药苷特征斑点,徐长卿配方颗粒有丹皮酚特征斑点.结论:所建立的薄层色谱法专属性强,重复性好,能简单有效地实现牡丹皮和徐长卿配方颗粒的鉴别.     

毛细管区带电泳法测定牡丹皮中芍药苷的含量

牡丹皮为毛茛科植物牡丹 Paeonia suffruticosaAndr.的干燥根皮 ,具有清热凉血、活血化瘀之功效 ,鲜根皮含芍药苷 ( paeoniflorin)、羟基芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、丹皮酚苷、丹皮酚等。芍药苷是牡丹皮中主要活性成分之一 ,具有镇痛、镇痉、镇静、抗炎等作用。目前 ,牡丹皮中芍药苷的含量测定方法主要有高效液相色谱法[1] 和薄层扫描法[2 ,3] ,毛细管电泳法测定牡丹皮中芍药苷的含量尚未见报道。本研究用毛细管区带电泳法测定了牡丹皮中芍药苷的含量 ,方法简便快捷 ,结果令人满意 ,为牡丹皮的质量控制提供了一种新方法。1　仪器与药品毛细管电…     

基于高效液相色谱特征图谱分析牡丹皮配方颗粒过程控制的质量

目的 建立牡丹皮配方颗粒中间产品及成品的高效液相色谱特征图谱,分析生产过程控制的质量。方法 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent HC-C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃。以特征图谱为对照,对药材-饮片-浸膏粉及颗粒进行相关性评价。结果 牡丹皮10批药材、饮片、浸膏粉和颗粒特征图谱均呈现12个共有特征峰,有良好的相关性。结论 建立的牡丹皮药材-饮片-浸膏粉及颗粒的高效液相色谱特征图谱,为牡丹皮配方颗粒的工艺研究和过程控制提供参考。     

不同炮制方法对牡丹皮中丹皮酚及芍药苷含量的影响

目的 探讨不同炮制方法 ("去心"、"清炒"、"酒制"、"制炭")对牡丹皮中主要成分丹皮酚及芍药苷含量的影响.方法 采用RP-HPLC方法 建立了测定牡丹皮中丹皮酚和芍药苷含量的方法 ,并测定不同炮制品中丹皮酚与芍药苷的含量并进行对比.色谱条件:C18色谱柱;丹皮酚测定所用流动相为甲醇-水(50:50)为流动相,检测波长为274nm;芍药苷测定所用流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(18:82)为流动相,检测波长为230 nm.结果 ①丹皮酚和芍药苷的线性范围分别为0.36～2.2ug/L和0.042～1.060ug/L,平均回收率分别为96.30%和98.21%,RSD分别为0.97%和0.64%;②4种炮制方法 中丹皮酚含量的比较:去心>清炒>酒制>制炭.芍药苷含量的比较:各种炮制品芍药苷的含量差异不大,无显著性差异.结论 本方法 简便、快捷、重现性好,用本方法 对不同产地的牡丹皮中丹皮酚和芍药甙进行了测定.结果 表明,牡丹皮中两种成分明显正相关,其中四川牡丹皮中两种成分含量最高.     

接骨丸(Ⅰ)的质量标准研究

目的建立接骨丸(Ⅰ)的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱鉴别法对处方中赤芍、三七、陈皮、青皮进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定本品中芍药苷的含量。结果薄层色谱鉴别法分别检出赤芍、三七、陈皮、青皮,且斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰。高效液相色谱法能可靠地对本品中芍药苷进行定量分析。结论本实验建立的方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于接骨丸(Ⅰ)的质量控制。     

乳增宁软胶囊的质量标准研究

确定乳增宁软胶囊的薄层鉴别和含量测定方法将为乳增宁软胶囊的质量控制提供分析方法和理论依据。目的利用薄层色谱法对乳增宁软胶囊处方中赤芍、当归、夏枯草进行定性鉴别;建立了乳增宁软胶囊中芍药苷的高效液相色谱含量测定方法。方法（1）对乳增宁软胶囊中各味药材进行鉴别。（2）芍药苷的含量测定。结果（1）鉴别方法的研究：赤芍、当归、夏枯草采用相应的薄层鉴别方法,薄层展开后均显示与对照药材或对照品相同的特异性斑点,分离效果好。（2）芍药苷的含量测定：HPLc法测定芍药苷的含量。结论（1）赤芍、当归、夏枯草的鉴别方法分离度好,特异性强,重现性好。（2）HPLC法测定芍药苷的含量．准确度高、精密度好、简便快速。     

乳增宁软胶囊的质量标准研究

确定乳增宁软胶囊的薄层鉴别和含量测定方法将为乳增宁软胶囊的质量控制提供分析方法和理论依据。目的利用薄层色谱法对乳增宁软胶囊处方中赤芍、当归、夏枯草进行定性鉴别;建立了乳增宁软胶囊中芍药苷的高效液相色谱含量测定方法。方法(1)对乳增宁软胶囊中各味药材进行鉴别。(2)芍药苷的含量测定。结果(1)鉴别方法的研究:赤芍、当归、夏枯草采用相应的薄层鉴别方法,薄层展开后均显示与对照药材或对照品相同的特异性斑点,分离效果好。(2)芍药苷的含量测定:HPLC法测定芍药苷的含量。结论(1)赤芍、当归、夏枯草的鉴别方法分离度好,特异性强,重现性好。(2)HPLC法测定芍药苷的含量,准确度高、精密度好、简便快速。     

乳增宁软胶囊的质量标准研究

确定乳增宁软胶囊的薄层鉴别和含量测定方法将为乳增宁软胶囊的质量控制提供分析方法和理论依据.目的 利用薄层色谱法对乳增宁软胶囊处方中赤芍、当归、夏枯草进行定性鉴别;建立了乳增宁软胶囊中芍药苷的高效液相色谱含量测定方法.方法 (1)对乳增宁软胶囊中各味药材进行鉴别.(2)芍药苷的含量测定.结果 (1)鉴别方法的研究:赤芍、当归、夏枯草采用相应的薄层鉴别方法,薄层展开后均显示与对照药材或对照品相同的特异性斑点,分离效果好.(2)芍药苷的含量测定:HPLC法测定芍药苷的含量.结论 (1)赤芍、当归、夏枯草的鉴别方法分离度好,特异性强,重现性好.(2)HPLC法测定芍药苷的含量,准确度高、精密度好、简便快速.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.