基于镜像运动神经元理论的模仿运动训练对中风偏瘫患者上肢功能、手部运动及表面肌电图的影响

目的分析基于镜像运动神经元理论的模仿运动训练对中风偏瘫患者上肢功能、手部运动及表面肌电图的影响。方法选择2016年9月至2018年9月我院收治的78例中风偏瘫患者为研究对象,将其均分为常规组和模仿运动训练组,各39例。常规组施行常规运动训练,模仿运动训练组施行基于镜像运动神经元理论的模仿运动训练。比较两组的训练效果。结果治疗3个月后,模仿运动训练组的FMA、MSS评分均高于常规组,AROM、手指最大伸展角度、手指最大屈曲角度均大于常规组,肱三头肌协同收缩率、肱二头肌协同收缩率均低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论基于镜像运动神经元理论的模仿运动训练对中风偏瘫患者上肢功能、手部运动及表面肌电图的改善效果显著,值得推广应用。     

下肢康复机器人联合等速肌力训练对脑卒中后下肢运动功能影响的临床对照研究

目的:观察下肢康复机器人联合等速肌力训练对脑卒中后下肢运动功能的影响。方法:将脑卒中患者75例随机分为3组,每组25例。3组病人均进行常规康复,A组增加下肢康复机器人训练,B组增加下肢等速肌力训练,C组增加下肢康复机器人联合等速肌力训练。每周训练6次,共治疗6周。治疗前后进行等速肌力测试(峰力矩值)、下肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)及Holden步行功能分级评定。结果:治疗6周后组内比较,3组患者的峰力矩值、FMA评分、BBS评分及Holden步行功能分级较治疗前提高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较,治疗6周后组间比较,C组在角速度60°/s、120°/s及180°/s下的伸膝肌及屈膝肌峰力矩值、BBS评分均高于A组和B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:下肢康复机器人联合等速肌力训练在改善脑卒中患者下肢肌力、平衡功能和步行能力方面较两者单独应用疗效更佳。     

手工训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢及手功能影响的临床研究

目的:观察手工训练对已有分离运动的脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢及手功能的疗效。方法:48例已有分离运动的脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为实验组和对照组,两组均进行常规的康复治疗,实验组每天进行30min手工训练,对照组每天进行30min传统的作业治疗,两组患者每周进行6次治疗,共4周,治疗前后两组分别进行Fug1-Meyer量表上肢部分(Fug1-Meyer assessment of upper extremity,FMA-UE)、上肢简易运动功能评分(simple test for evaluating hand function,STEF)、改良Barthel指数评分(modified Barthel index,MBI),比较两组治疗效果。结果:两组患者治疗4周后,其FMA-UE、STEF、MBI评分与治疗前相比差异有显著性意义(P0.05),且实验组FMA-UE(48.45±3.93)、STEF(68.45±10.76)、MBI(71.87±8.69)与对照组FMA-UE(46.54±1.97)、STEF(59.16±8.37)、MBI(66.67±8.29)相比差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:系统的手工训练可明显改善已有分离运动的脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢及手的运动功能,提高其日常生活能力。     

头针联合上肢功能性电刺激对脑卒中后上肢运动功能影响的随机对照研究

摘要目的：探讨头针联合功能性电刺激（FES）对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响。方法：本研究采取单盲随机对照研究,纳入符合标准的脑卒中上肢功能障碍患者60例,使用信封法随机分为头针联合FES组、FES组和常规康复组,每组各20例。给予5次/周,连续4周的干预。比较三组在干预第2周、第4周,及治疗结束后的第4周随访时的上肢运动功能变化情况。采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表-上肢部分（FMA-UE）、Wolf运动功能评价量表及Brunnstrom分期进行干预效果的评价。结果：①三组一般资料及结局指标治疗前对比均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;②治疗4周后及出院4周进行随访时,FMA-UE评分：头针联合FES组较FES组、常规康复组在FMA-UE评分明显提升,差异具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）;③三组间Wolf评分及Brunnstrom分期在干预后及随访中均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：头针联合上肢FES治疗可以提高脑卒中患者的上肢运动功能。     

基于功能性近红外光谱技术的脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍患者单侧上肢训练和双侧上肢训练脑网络功能连接对比研究

目的 采用功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)比较上肢运动功能障碍脑卒中患者单侧和双侧上肢运动时的脑网络功能连接差异。方法 2021年4月至6月,华山医院康复医学科脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍患者40例分别行患侧单侧和双侧上肢运动,运动前后各采集fNIRS数据8 min,基于氧合血红蛋白,分析前额叶(PFC)、上肢与手功能区(H)以及初级躯体感觉区(S1)的功能活动和功能连接。结果 单侧任务后,患侧H区功能活动较运动前增强(t = -3.135, P < 0.05),患侧H区与患侧S1区、患侧H区与健侧S1区、患侧S1区与健侧S1区间功能连接强度较任务前增强(|t| > 3.218, P < 0.05)。双侧任务后,各区功能强度和各区间功能连接均无显著性差异(|t| < 2.385, P > 0.05)。单侧任务对患侧H区功能连接的增强效应高于双侧任务(t = 2.026, P < 0.05)。结论 相比双侧任务,脑卒中患者单侧上肢训练对强化相应功能脑区的即时效果更好,可对脑功能连接产生更明显的调控效应。     

Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training in patients with heart failure: A meta‐analysis of randomized,controlled trials

Cardiac rehabilitation programs consisting of core features of exercise training for patients with heart failure have demonstrated a wide range of physical and psychological benefits. In study, a meta‐analysis of combined aerobic and resistance training was conducted on various outcomes in patients with heart failure. Database searches included EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, OVID, and CINAHL. Only randomized, controlled trials were included. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to perform the meta‐analysis. In total, 12 studies and 516 patients were included. The results demonstrated that combined aerobic and resistance training is effective in promoting exercise capacity, muscle strength, and 6 min walk distance. Furthermore, combined training significantly improves the quality of life of patients with heart failure. However, there was no significant difference found for outcomes of depression and sleep. Future studies with rigorous methodological designs and long‐term follow ups are recommended to evaluate the sustainable benefits of combined aerobic and resistance intervention programs.     

经颅直流电刺激对脑卒中后上肢及手功能恢复的随机对照研究

目的：探讨阳极经颅直流电刺激（a-tDCS）对脑卒中患者上肢及手功能恢复的影响。方法：96例脑卒中患者随机分为观察组49例、对照组47例,观察组给予a-tDCS,对照组给予a-tDCS假刺激,2组患者在此基础上均进行常规药物及常规康复治疗。在治疗前和治疗4周后,采用上肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表（FMA-UE）、WMFT评定量表(WMFT)、改良Barthel指数量表（MBI）及Brunnstrom评定量表对患者进行评定并统计治疗后不良反应的情况。结果：治疗4周后,2组患者FMA-UE、WMFT及MBI评分较治疗前均明显提高（均P<0.01）,且观察组各项评分较对照组均明显提高（P<0.01,0.05）;2组患者上肢及手Brunnstrom分期与治疗前比较均明显改善（均P<0.01）,且观察组上肢及手Brunnstrom分期较对照组改善情况均更显著（P<0.01,0.05）;观察组出现轻微不良反应,电极片放置处皮肤瘙痒1例、睡眠障碍1例;对照组头晕1例。以上不良反应患者均能耐受,且无需处理短时间自行缓解。结论：阳极经颅直流电刺激有助于改善脑卒中恢复期患者上肢及手的功能。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合虚拟现实技术训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫运动功能障碍的研究

目的：探讨低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合虚拟现实(VR)技术训练在脑卒中偏瘫患者中的应用效果。方法：选取108例脑卒中偏瘫患者,随机分为rTMS、VR组、联合组,每组各36例。3组均采取常规综合治疗,在此基础上,rTMS组给予低频rTMS,VR组给予VR技术训练,联合组给予rTMS联合VR技术训练,干预时间均为4周。比较3组干预前后身体压力中心摆动指标（身体摆动长度、摆动面积、平均速度）、稳定极限(LOS)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评价量表(FMA)和Barthel指数评定量表(BI)、患肢身体成分相关指标（浮肿指数、肌肉力量、骨骼肌指数）、脑血流量(CBF)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、里弗米德行为记忆试验评价表（RBMT）评分变化情况。结果：治疗4周后,3组患者睁眼时、闭眼时身体摆动长度、摆动面积、平均速度较前均降低,且联合组低于VR组,VR组低于rTMS组(均P＜0.05);3组LOS结果均升高,且联合组高于VR组,VR组高于rTMS组(均P＜0.05);3组FMA、BI评分均升高,且联合组高于VR组,VR组高于rTMS组(均P＜0.05);3组浮肿指数均降低,且联合组、VR组均低于rTMS组(均P＜0.05),3组上肢肌肉力量、骨骼肌指数均升高,且联合组、VR组高于rTMS组(均P＜0.05);3组CBF均升高,且联合组高于rTMS组,rTMS组高于VR组(均P＜0.05);3组NIHSS评分均降低,且联合组低于rTMS组,rTMS组低于VR组;3组MoCA、RBMT评分均升高,且联合组高于rTMS组,rTMS组高于VR组(均P＜0.05)。结论：rTMS联合VR技术训练能改善脑卒中偏瘫患者运动功能,提高身体稳定性,恢复神经认知功能及脑血流量,提高患者生活自理能力。     

经颅和外周磁刺激治疗脑卒中后上肢运动功能障碍的随机对照研究

目的:观察对比外周磁刺激(peripheral magnetic stimulation,PMS)和中枢磁刺激对脑卒中后中重度上肢运动功能障碍的影响.方法:共42例符合纳入标准的脑卒中患者参加试验,将所有受试者随机分为对照组(14例)、PMS组(13例)和中枢组(15例).对照组接受常规康复治疗,PMS组在常规康复治疗...     

悬吊核心稳定训练对脑卒中恢复期患者平衡功能和步行能力的影响

目的:观察悬吊核心稳定训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡和步行能力的影响。方法:选择符合治疗条件的56例患者随机分为A组和B组各28例,A组采用常规康复训练,包括平衡训练、PNF技术、Bobath技术、姿势控制训练等,按照预先设计好的动作进行训练,每天50min。B组按照A组相同训练计划每天训练30min,加用悬吊运动疗法进行训练20min,持续治疗30个工作日。分别对2组患者治疗前、治疗后采用简易下肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)、Berg平衡功能评分(BBS)、Lindmark平衡反应测试评分、10m最大步行速度进行评估。结果:治疗后,2组患者下肢FMA、BBS、Lindmark平衡反应测试评分、10m最大步行速度均较治疗前明显提高(均P0.05);并且B组下肢FMA、BBS评分、10m最大步行速度的改善幅度较A组显著(均P0.05)。结论:悬吊核心稳定训练可以改善脑卒中恢复期患者的平衡功能和步行能力。     

视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练对脑卒中Pusher综合征患者的影响

目的:视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练对脑卒中Pusher综合征患者的影响。方法:本试验采用双盲法,Pusher综合征患者25例,按入院顺序将其随机分为视觉反馈训练组8例(A组)、核心稳定训练组8例(B组)、视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练组9例(C组)。分别予三个试验组视觉反馈训练、核心稳定训练、视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练,各组在训练前后均进行临床倾倒量表(SCP)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、日常生活活动能力Barthel指数(BI)评定。结果:治疗6周后,三个试验组BI及BBS评分均较治疗前提高(P0.05);核心稳定训练组SCP评分较训练前无明显变化(P0.05),视觉反馈组及视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练组SCP评分较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),但两组组间比较无明显差异。结论:视觉反馈训练能有效改善脑卒中Pusher综合征,可以使Pusher综合征患者尽早恢复直立位,加快康复进程。     

Research Article: Cultural competence among Swedish child health nurses after specific training: A randomized trial

An urgent need to improve Swedish primary child health‐care nurses' cultural competence was revealed by previous research among nurses working in, and immigrant parents visiting, primary child health‐care services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which specific training affected how nurses rated their own cultural competence, difficulties, and concerns and to study how the nurses evaluated the training. Conducted as a randomized controlled trial, the effects on a study sample of 51 nurses were assessed by questionnaires in a pre‐ and post‐study design. The findings indicated that the 3 days of training were appreciated by the nurses and had some effects on their cultural competence, difficulties, and concerns. The training might have had positive effects on the nurses' working conditions as they rated it to have an impact on their ability to cope with the demands of their work activities in the health services. These effects are presumed to contribute to an improved quality of the health services, with a reduction in the risk for health‐care disparities among children of immigrant parents.     

Feasibility and effectiveness of adding object-related bilateral symmetrical training to mirror therapy in chronic stroke: A randomized controlled pilot study

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of adding object-related bilateral symmetrical training to mirror therapy (MT) to improve upper limb (UL) activity in chronic stroke patients. Method: Sixteen patients with moderate UL impairment were randomly allocated to either the experimental (EG) or control (CG) group. Both groups performed 1 hour sessions, 3 days/week for 4 weeks, involving object-related bilateral symmetrical training. EG performed the tasks observing their nonparetic UL reflected in the mirror, while CG observed the paretic UL directly. The primary outcome measure was unilateral and bilateral UL activity according to the Test d’Évaluation des Membres Supérieurs de Personnes Âgées (TEMPA). All measurements were taken at baseline, post-training, and follow-up (2 weeks). Results: TEMPA total score showed the main effect of time. Significant improvement was found for bilateral but not unilateral tasks. Both groups showed gains after training, with no differences between them. Conclusions: This study showed the feasibility of adding object-related bilateral training to MT. Both types of training improved UL bilateral activity; however, a larger sample is required for a definitive study. Other studies need to be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of combining more distal-oriented movements and object-related unilateral training to improve these effects in chronic stroke patients.     

Effects of a single bout of power exercise training on ambulatory blood pressure in older adults with hypertension: A randomized controlled crossover study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a single bout of power exercise training (PT) on office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP).MethodsTwenty-four older adults with essential hypertension participated in two experimental sessions in a randomized order: the PT composed of 3 sets of 8–10 repetitions in 5 power training exercises and the non-exercise control at seated rest (Con). Both experimental sessions lasted 40 min. Office BP was measured continuously for 1 h in the laboratory and 24 h BP through ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.ResultsCompared with Con, office systolic/diastolic BP decreased after PT (Systolic BP: 10 mmHg, p < 0.001; Diastolic BP: 4 mmHg, p = 0.015). A trend toward decrease (p = 0.06) was found in diastolic ambulatory BP during daytime (2 mmHg; p = 0.062) and nighttime (3 mmHg; p = 0.063) after PT. No differences were found between PT and Con sessions for systolic and mean ambulatory BP.ConclusionA single bout of PT decreases office BP but this hypotensive effect is not sustained under ambulatory conditions in older patients with essential hypertension.     

Heart rate recovery improvement in patients following acute myocardial infarction: exercise training, β‐blocker therapy or both

Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a strong mortality predictor. Exercise training (ET) and β‐blocker therapy have significant impact on the HRR of patients following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the combination of ET and β‐blocker therapy, as well as its effectiveness in patients with a more compromised HRR (≤12 bpm), has been under‐studied. Male patients (n = 64) post‐MI were divided: Training + β‐blocker (n = 19), Training (n = 15), β‐blocker (n = 11) and Control (n = 19). Participants performed an ergometric test before and after 3 months of intervention. HRR was obtained during 5 min of recovery and corrected by the cardiac reserve (HRR_corrCR). Compared to pre‐intervention, HRR_corrCR was significantly increased during the 1st and 2nd minutes of recovery in the Training + β‐blocker group (70·5% and 37·5%, respectively; P<0·05). A significant improvement, lasting from the 1st to the 4th minute of recovery, was also observed in the Training group (47%, 50%, 25% and 8·7%, respectively; P<0·05). In contrast, the β‐blocker group showed a reduction in HRR_corrCR during the 2nd and 3rd minutes of recovery (?21·2% and ?16·3%, respectively; P<0·05). In addition, interventions involving ET (Training + βb, Training) were significantly more effective in patients with a pre‐intervention HRR ≤ 12 bpm than for patients with HRR > 12 bpm. Combination of β‐blocker therapy with ET does not compromise the effect of training and instead promotes HRR and aerobic capacity improvement. In addition, this combination is particularly beneficial for individuals presenting with a more compromised HRR. However, chronic administration of β‐blocker therapy alone did not promote improvement in HRR or aerobic capacity.