姜黄素对阻塞性黄疸模型大鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其机制

[目的]探讨姜黄素对阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其机制.[方法]利用胆总管结扎法制作大鼠阻塞性黄疸模型,随机分组.姜黄素给药组每日灌胃给予姜黄素400mg/kg,于第14d采集各组血液及肝组织,用ELISA法检测血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及总胆红素(TBIL)的水平,并利用HE染色和Western blot法观察肝组织形态学变化及α-SMA表达水平.[结果]阻塞性黄疸模型组大鼠血清中ALT,AST及TBIL水平均明显增高(P<0.05);HE染色结果显示,阻塞性黄疸模型组大鼠肝脏组织结构受损,发生肝纤维化,肝组织中α-SMA表达水平增高.姜黄素给药组ALT,AST及TBIL水平均明显低于阻塞性黄疸模型组(P<0.05),姜黄素给药组肝纤维化程度有所减轻,肝组织中α-SMA表达水平明显低于阻塞性黄疸模型组(P<0.05).[结论]姜黄素可改善阻塞性黄疸大鼠受损肝脏纤维化程度,减轻肝损伤,对肝脏有一定的保护作用.     

桃核承气汤改善四氯化碳诱导的大鼠肝损伤

目的：探讨桃核承气汤对四氯化碳诱导的大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法：30只大鼠分为正常对照组,模型组,大、小剂量桃核承气汤组和水飞蓟素组。桃核承气汤组灌胃桃核承气汤（0．3g／kg或0．5g／kg）,水飞蓟素组灌胃水飞蓟素25mg／kg。灌胃后1h腹腔注射四氯化碳1．5mL／kg。注射24h后将大鼠处死,检测肝组织病理学改变,血液中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate amino transferase,AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）活性及脂质过氧化程度。结果：桃核承气汤不仅明显降低血液中AST及ALT活性,抑制四氯化碳引起的肝脏脂质过氧化,并且增加肝脏中谷胱甘肽含量;组织病理分析发现桃核承气汤可抑制脂质堆积,肝细胞坏死及淋巴细胞浸润。结论：桃核承气汤具有类抗氧化物之作用,对肝损伤有保护作用,甚至功能优于水飞蓟素。     

逍遥散及其功效拆方对慢性铁过载诱导的肝纤维化的影响

目的通过制作慢性铁过载诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型,观察逍遥散对肝纤维化的改善作用及对体内铁代谢过程的影响,并通过功效拆方研究,探索逍遥散中疏肝药、健脾药、养血药在整方疗效中的作用及地位。方法 通过腹腔注射右旋糖酐铁50 mg/kg/d,连续7周制作慢性铁过载诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型,药物干预在造模同时每日通过灌胃的方式给予逍遥散全方、逍遥散去疏肝药、逍遥散去健脾药、逍遥散去养血药、去铁胺（DFO）。使用全自动生化分析仪检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血清铁（SI）、铁蛋白（SF）水平;肝组织进行病理组织学检测,包括HE染色、Masson染色、苦味酸-天狼星红染色等;免疫组化检测肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA）、I型胶原蛋白（COL-1）的表达水平;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测大鼠肝组织铁含量。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肝功能ALT、AST明显升高,病理切片HE染色符合肝纤维化镜下表现,Ishak纤维化评分显著升高,Masson染色、苦味酸-天狼星红染色可见胶原纤维沉积明显,免疫组化结果提示肝组织内α-SMA、COL-1表达显著上升,血清铁、铁蛋白、肝脏总铁含量均显著升高。与模型组比较,逍遥散全方及各功效拆方组可明显降低大鼠肝功能ALT、AST,改善病理过程如Ishak评分及胶原染色半定量等均显著下降,肝组织α-SMA、COL-1表达显著降低,血清铁、铁蛋白、肝脏总铁含量亦明显下降,阳性对照药物去铁胺结果与逍遥散全方相仿。与逍遥散全方相比,逍遥散各功效拆方组均较整方疗效有显著降低。结论 逍遥散可显著改善慢性铁过载诱导的大鼠肝纤维化,其方中疏肝药、健脾药、养血药均对改善铁过载及纤维化有一定作用。推测逍遥散抑制铁过载维持铁稳态的作用可能是其疏肝、健脾、养血功效的核心机制。     

吴茱萸总生物碱对大鼠肝纤维化的防治作用

目的研究吴茱萸总生物碱（totalalkaloidsofEvodiarutaecarpa,TAE）对四氯化碳（carbontetrachloride,CCl。）致大鼠实验性肝纤维化的防治作用,探索其作用机制。方法采用40％CCl。皮下注射12周复制大鼠肝纤维化模型,检测各组大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶（alaninetransaminase,ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartatetransaminase,AST）,层黏连蛋白（1aminin,LN）、透明质酸（hyalurnicacid,HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（precollagentype1ii,PCⅢ）、丙二醛（malonaldehyde,MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxidedismutase,SOD）和肝组织中羟脯氨酸（hydroxyproline,Hyp）水平,并对肝脏进行病理学检查。结果模型组大鼠肝脏有明显胶原沉积、脂肪变性和肝纤维化,部分大鼠形成完整的假小叶;血清ALT、AST、MDA、SOD、LN、HA、PCⅢ和肝组织中Hyp含量明显高于正常组（P〈0．05,或P〈0．01）。给药10周末,TAE50,1.0mg／kg组肝小叶结构明显改善,脂肪变性减轻,胶原纤维间隔减少,ALT、AST、MDA、LN、HA、PCⅢ及肝组织中Hyp水平明显下降。结论TAE50,100mg／kg灌胃给药对CCl4致大鼠实验性肝纤维化有保护作用,其作用机制与抗脂质过氧化有关。     

岩黄连总生物碱对四氯化碳诱导肝纤维化大鼠的改善作用研究

目的 研究岩黄连总生物碱对四氯化碳（carbon tetrachloride, CCl4）诱导的肝纤维化大鼠的保护作用及机制。方法 通过向SD大鼠腹腔给予30%CCl4橄榄油溶液（0.1 mL/100 g）诱导复制肝纤维化模型,2次/周,连续12周。将肝纤维化大鼠随机分为模型组,岩黄连总生物碱低、中、高剂量（25、50、100 mg/kg）组及联苯双酯（30 mg/kg）组,另设正常组大鼠,各组均为8只。各给药组于造模第11周按设定剂量灌胃相应药物（1.0 mL/100 g）干预,1次/d,连续2周。正常组与模型组大鼠每天灌胃等体积的生理盐水。末次给药24 h后,收集大鼠血清、肝脏及脾脏组织,测定大鼠肝脾指数;采用HE染色和Masson染色观察肝组织病理学变化。比色法检测各组血清丙氨酸转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase, ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase, AST）、总蛋白（total protein,TP）、白蛋白（albumin, ALB）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（sup...     

荜茇提取物对CCl4诱导大鼠肝纤维化的影响

目的 探究荜茇提取物对四氯化碳(CCl₄)诱导大鼠肝纤维化的作用机制。方法 将60只SD大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、荜茇提取物低剂量组(16.6mg/kg)、荜茇提取物中剂量组(33.3mg/kg)和荜茇提取物高剂量组(66.7mg/kg),每组各12只。除空白组外,其余各组均给予皮下注射50% CCl₄-菜籽油溶液干预8周,建立肝纤维化模型。造模的同时给予模型组灌胃0.9%氯化钠溶液,荜茇提取物低、中、高剂量组连续灌胃治疗8周。实验结束后,测定大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase, γ-GT),肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6, IL-6);苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE)、Masson染色观察大鼠肝组织病理变化。提取RNA并采用qPCR技术检测大鼠肝组织中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Collagen Ⅰ)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA)、TNF-α mRNA表达水平;提取蛋白采用Western blot法检测大鼠肝组织中Collagen Ⅰ、α-SMA、TNF-α蛋白表达水平。结果 HE染色和Masson染色结果可观察到模型组大鼠肝脏纤维增生明显,大鼠血清中ALT、AST、γ-GT升高,血清中炎性介质TNF-α和IL-6分泌增多,Collagen Ⅰ、α-SMA和TNF-α mRNA和蛋白表达增高,荜茇提取物可明显改善肝纤维化程度,血清中ALT、AST、γ-GT下降,血清中炎性介质TNF-α和IL-6下降,肝组织中Collagen Ⅰ、α-SMA、TNF-α mRNA和蛋白水平明显下降。结论 荜茇提取物对CCl₄诱导的大鼠肝纤维化有明显治疗作用,可通过抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6表达,可能通过抑制肝星状细胞激活,从而减少Collagen Ⅰ和α-SMA合成发挥抗纤维化的药效。     

小檗碱对肝硬化大鼠肝功能的保护及炎症抑制作用

[目的]观察小檗碱对肝硬化大鼠肝功能的保护及炎症抑制作用,并探讨其相关机制.[方法]从60只SD大鼠中随机抽取10只设为正常组,其余建立肝硬化模型.将建模成功的40只大鼠随机分为肝硬化组、激活剂组、小檗碱组、激活剂+小檗碱组,每组10只.激活剂组给予SRI-01138130 mg/kg灌胃,小檗碱组给予小檗碱200 mg/kg灌胃,激活剂+小檗碱组给予SRI-011381(30 mg/kg)合小檗碱(20 mg/kg)灌胃,正常组、模型组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,连续2周.末次给药后次日测定血清肝功能指标、炎症因子指标、肝纤维化程度指标,采用免疫组织化学染色法测定肝脏组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察肝组织病理变化,蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法测定肝脏组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、Smad4、Smad7蛋白表达.[结果]与正常组比较,肝硬化组血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平,白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、透明质酸(HA)水平,肝脏组织α-SMA免疫组织化学染色光密度(IOD)值,TGF-β1、Smad4蛋白表达量升高,白蛋白(ALB)水平、Smad7蛋白表达量降低(均P<0.05);与肝硬化组比较,激活剂组血清AST、ALT、IL-6、TNF-α、Ⅳ-C、PCⅢ、HA水平及α-SMA IOD值,TGF-β1、Smad4蛋白表达量升高,ALB水平、Smad7蛋白表达量降低(均P<0.05);与激活剂组比较,小檗碱组血清AST、ALT、IL-6、TNF-α、Ⅳ-C、PCⅢ、HA水平及α-SMA IOD值,TGF-β1、Smad4蛋白表达量降低,ALB水平、Smad7蛋白表达量升高(均P<0.05);与小檗碱组比较,激活剂+小檗碱组血清AST、ALT、IL-6、TNF-α、Ⅳ-C、PCⅢ、HA水平及α-SMA IOD值,TGF-β1、Smad4蛋白表达量升高,ALB水平、Smad7蛋白表达量降低(P<0.05).HE染色结果显示,肝硬化组与激活剂组可见明显肝纤维化表现,小檗碱组肝组织病理变化及纤维化程度较肝硬化组、激活剂组明显改善,激活剂+小檗碱组肝组织病理变化及纤维化程度较肝硬化组、激活剂组有所改善,但不及小檗碱组.[结论]小檗碱可抑制肝硬化大鼠炎性反应,促进肝脏胶原降解,降低肝纤维化程度,保护肝功能,其机制可能与抑制TGF-β1/Smads信号通路有关.     

索拉非尼抑制大鼠肝纤维化的实验研究

目的：研究索拉非尼对实验性大鼠纤维化过程的影响。方法：Wistar大鼠腹腔注射DMN诱导建立肝纤维化模型。造模后分别以高剂量（10mg/kg）、低剂量（3mg/kg）灌胃。观察各组大鼠肝脏大体变化;HE染色观察病理变化;Masson’s trichrome及Sirius Red染色观察肝细胞内胶原纤维水平,免疫组织化学法测定α-SMA表达。对肝纤维化程度分级,图象分析仪半定量分析。灌胃稀释剂作为对照。结果：肉眼观察治疗,结束后对照组及低剂量组肝脏表面出现单发或多发大小不等的肝纤维化结节,高剂量组大鼠肝脏肝纤维化程度较前两组明显减轻;光镜观察对照组可见肝细胞变性、坏死,纤维组织增生,肝内广泛假小叶纤维化,低剂量组病变程度同对照组类似,高剂量组肝细胞无明显变性,未见广泛再生结节和再分隔。对照组及低剂量组胶原染色面积胶原染色面积无明显差别,高剂量组胶原染色面积分别为模型组和低剂量组的52%、49%,较对照组均有显著差异（P〈0.05）;对照组及低剂量组α-SMA表达水平不同程度增加,高剂量组α-SMA表达明显减少。结论：索拉非尼能在病理水平减轻实验性模型大鼠的肝纤维化进程。     

糖尿病对大鼠肝纤维化组织TIMP-1/MMP-1表达的影响

目的探讨糖尿病对大鼠肝纤维化组织金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)/金属基质蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)表达的影响。方法 40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组、糖尿病组、肝纤维化组、糖尿病肝纤维化组(双模型组),各10只。糖尿病组和双模型组大鼠腹腔注射链尿佐菌素(STZ)制作糖尿病模型;肝纤维化组和双模型组大鼠皮下注射40%的四氯化碳花生油溶液建立肝纤维化模型。四氯化碳最后一次注射后48h处死大鼠,心脏采血,自动生化检测仪检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血浆清蛋白(ALB)和清蛋白/球蛋白(A/G);化学发光法检测肝纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白(PⅢNP)和Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ);VG染色观察大鼠肝组织变性坏死和纤维化的程度;RT-PCR检测肝脏组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、MMP-1和TIMP-1基因表达水平。结果与正常对照组和糖尿病组比较,肝纤维化组和双模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST、HA、LN、PⅢNP和C-Ⅳ浓度升高以及ALB、A/G下降,α-SMA、TIMP-1/MMP-1、TIMP-1基因表达增强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与肝纤维化组比较,双模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST、HA、C-Ⅳ浓度和肝脏纤维化计分升高,α-SMA、TIMP-1、TIMP-1/MMP-1基因表达增强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高血糖促进了肝纤维化的发展,TIMP-1/MMP-1表达失衡加剧了肝细胞外基质(ECM)的沉积。     

茵陈草水提物对四氯化碳所致肝纤维化大鼠的干预作用

目的: 研究茵陈草水提物对四氯化碳所致肝纤维化大鼠干预作用的影响。方法：通过向SD大鼠腹腔注射四氯化碳与花生油混合溶液所诱导建立肝纤维化大鼠模型。将肝纤维化模型的大鼠随机分为5组：模型组、阳性药水飞蓟素40mg.kg_^-1组、茵陈草水提物2.5、5、10 g.kg_^-1组,每组10只。连续灌胃给药56天,每日1次。另设10只SD大鼠为空白组。模型组、空白组每日灌胃等体积生理盐水。末次给药4 h后,3%苯巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉后,腹主动脉取血,离心提取血清。拨离肝脏,HE染色法及Masson染色法观察大鼠肝脏的病理学变化和纤维化程度。试剂盒检测大鼠血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的含量, ELISA法检测肝组织中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量。试剂盒法检测肝脏中透明质酸(HA),III型前胶原(PCIII),层粘连蛋白(LN)、IV型胶原(IV-C)的含量。结果: 与模型相比,茵陈草水提物可降低肝纤维化大鼠血清AST、ALT的水平以及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的含量(P<0.05),肝脏胶原HA、PCIII、LN、IV-C的含量降低(P<0.05)。结论: 茵陈草水提物对四氯化碳所致肝纤维化大鼠肝脏有一定保护作用,其作用机制可能与调节肝组织中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和胶原HA、PCIII、LN、IV-C含量有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.