Prophylactic vertebroplasty can decrease the fracture risk of adjacent vertebrae: An in vitro cadaveric study

Adjacent level vertebral fractures are common in patients with osteoporotic wedge fractures, but can theoretically be prevented with prophylactic vertebroplasty. Previous tests on prophylactic vertebroplasties have been performed under axial loading, while in vivo changes in spinal alignment likely cause off-axis loads. In this study we determined whether prophylactic vertebroplasty can also reduce the fracture risk under off-axis loads.In a previous study, we tested vertebral bodies that were loaded axially or 20° off-axis representing vertebrae in an unfractured spine or vertebrae adjacent to a wedge fracture, respectively. In the current study, vertebral failure load and stiffness of our previously tested vertebral bodies were compared to those of a new group of vertebral bodies that were filled with bone cement and then loaded 20° off-axis. These vertebral bodies represented adjacent-level vertebrae with prophylactic bone cement filling.Prophylactic augmentation resulted in failure loads that were comparable to those of the 0° group, and 32% greater than the failure loads of the 20° group. The stiffness of the prophylacticly augmented vertebrae was 21% lower than that of the 0° group, but 27% higher than that of the 20° group. We conclude that prophylactic augmentation can decrease the fracture risk in a malaligned, osteoporotic vertebra. Whether this is enough to actually prevent additional vertebral fractures in vivo remains subject of further study.     

n-HA/PA66椎体增强器和椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的生物力学效果对比

目的对比研究n-HA/PA66椎体增强器和椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性骨折椎体的生物力学效果,并为临床上选择n-HA/PA66椎体增强器的入路方式和数量提供理论依据。方法在正常椎体T11～L3有限元模型的基础上,建立4种增强器-椎体T11～L3有限元模型(横突入路A、横突入路B、腰大肌入路A和腰大肌入路B)、两种删除椎体横突间韧带的对照组模型,以及两种骨水泥-椎体T11～L3有限元模型(1.8、3.6 mL骨水泥)。在9种有限元模型上均施加500 N垂直荷载和7 N·m不同方向力矩,计算分析模型在垂直、前屈、后伸、侧弯和扭转工况下的应力和位移,并基于计算结果探究两种不同骨质疏松性椎体骨折治疗方法对椎体的生物力学影响。结果在相同荷载工况下,注入骨水泥后椎体的应力较植入增强器后椎体的应力增加更大,且位移减量更小。4种增强器-椎体T11～L3有限元模型中,采用腰大肌入路A方式(即经腰大肌单侧植入1枚增强器)植入增强器使得椎体应力增加最小。结论为了降低应力增加而引起再次骨折的风险,同时增强骨折椎体的刚度,建议临床医生应优先采用经腰大肌单侧植入1枚增强器来治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折。     

椎体成形术治疗老年性骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折疗效观察

目的观察经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用经皮椎体成形术和经球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折86例,观察并分析其临床效果。结果在所治疗的86例病例中,在术后6-48小时内均有腰背部疼痛的缓解,有12例13椎出现骨水泥渗漏,所有患者均无脊髓、神经根损伤及静脉栓塞、肺栓塞等并发症的产生。随访2-8个月,均未发现有新的骨折形成。结论椎体成形术对老年性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折有良好的治疗效果。骨水泥渗漏是其主要并发症。     

骨水泥充填治疗多节段骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的病例分析

背景：椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折多发生于骨质钙丢失严重的老年人群,轻微的外力就可以引起椎体骨折,近年来发展起来的经皮椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性压缩性骨折效果较好。 目的：探讨骨水泥充填治疗多节段骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的疗效及材料的特性。 方法：采用骨水泥充填材料经皮椎体成形治疗多椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者32例,共158个椎体。治疗后复查X 射线、CT等辅助检查,了解骨折椎体复位情况、椎体的容量变化、骨水泥分布及外漏情况,用CT容量分析法检测治疗前后椎体的容积变化,观察疼痛强度评价的目测类比评分变化,分析发生骨水泥渗漏的原因。 结果与结论：纳入结果分析32例,158个椎体。注射骨水泥后无神经根及脊髓损伤,无肺栓塞及心脑血管系统急性反应。①治疗后随访6-16个月,平均随访10个月,无严重并发症和椎体塌陷。②治疗前椎体体积为(22.2±8.6) cm³,治疗后增至(24.8±6.9) cm³,体积变化差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。③6个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏,分别为椎管内硬膜外2个、椎旁静脉4个,可能与椎体后缘爆裂、骨水泥黏度过低以及注射速度过快有关。④治疗后48 h目测类比评分为(2.2±3.7)分,较治疗前(8.3±1.6)分显著下降(t=25.2,P < 0.05)。作者认为,对于多节段骨质疏松性压缩性骨折,采用充分的治疗前准备和恰当的方法,选择合适的骨水泥充填材料,一期行经皮椎体成形治疗是安全可行的,可明显缓解患者的疼痛症状,治疗中操作要注意防止骨水泥渗漏。     

单侧与双侧入路椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有限元分析及临床应用

目的探讨单、双侧经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的生物力学特点及临床疗效。方法建立有限元模型模拟分析单、双侧椎弓根入路PVP术后椎体的应变及应力变化。回顾性研究接受单、双侧椎弓根入路PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者85例,分析两组间手术时间、术中透视次数、骨水泥注射量、骨水泥渗漏率以及所有阶段视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分。结果有限元分析表明,单侧入路模型最大应变、应力分别是双侧入路模型的1.18倍、1.15倍;临床研究发现,单侧入路组手术时间、术中透视次数均明显少于双侧入路组(P0.001)。两组骨水泥注射量、骨水泥渗漏率以及所有阶段VAS评分比较均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单侧入路椎体成形术生物力学效果与双侧入路接近;利用穿刺针定位单侧PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折与双侧入路PVP相比具有手术时间短、X线暴露次数少的特点。     

骨水泥植入经皮椎体成形治疗胸腰椎体骨折

背景：近年来,经皮椎体成形作为一种安全有效的微创手术广泛应用于治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折和椎体肿瘤引起的溶骨性骨破坏,获得了满意的效果。 目的：从骨水泥角度,探讨骨水泥与椎体成形治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效的关系。 方法：以“椎体成形术,腰椎,胸椎,椎体骨折,骨水泥”;“pereutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP,thoracic vertebra,lumbar vertebra,vertebral fracture,bone cement”为关键词检索维普数据库和Pubmed数据库,纳入与经皮椎体成形、骨水泥植入临床研究相关的文章,以22篇文献为重点进行了讨论。临床验证选择新乡医学院第一附属医院骨外科收治的40例(56个椎体)胸腰椎体骨折引起的疼痛患者,在 C形臂X射线机引导下,经皮穿刺完成椎体成形手术,观察术后疼痛改善,并分析并发症发生情况。 结果与结论：目前在经皮椎体成形中常用的骨水泥有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥、磷酸钙骨水泥、硫酸钙骨水泥等。目前仍不清楚为骨折愈合提供足够稳定和预防疼痛所需要的骨水泥量及成分比,但应尽量使用小剂量的骨水泥,且使骨水泥分布均匀,同时应根据病变椎体的不同情况,选择合适的注射方式,防止骨水泥渗漏与新椎体骨折。临床验证结果说明经皮椎体成形可以有效止痛,术后随访显示止痛效果与注入骨水泥的量无正相关,且不随着时间的推移而减弱。     

Biomechanical effects of cement filling location on osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A three-dimensional finite element analysis北大核心

BACKGROUND: When bipedicular percutaneous vertebral augmentation is performed for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, three types of cement filling location in the vertebral body are commonly seen, including anterolateral, anteromedial, and posterolateral, especially in lumbar spine with big volume of vertebral bodies. At present, no relevant biomechanical research has been found to compare the impact of these three bone cement filling locations on the biomechanical properties of fractured vertebral bodies. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare biomechanical effects of three types of cement filling location on osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture using threedimensional finite element analysis method. METHODS: Osteoporotic L1-L5 three-dimensional finite element model was constructed and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures model was simulated in L3. Three types of cement filling location, including anterolateral, anteromedial, and posterolateral, were simulated in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures model, respectively. Four models were got for the test eventually. Maximum von Mises stress of L3 veretebral body and maximum displacement of L3 fractured area were calculated for the four models under the same loading conditions, including flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under flexion, maximum von Mises stress of L3 veretebral body in anterolateral, anteromedial, and posterolateral sites was about 18.31%, 19.43%, and 28.31% of that in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures model, respectively. Maximum displacement of L3 fractured area was about 13.92%, 16.49%, and 29.90% of that in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures model, respectively. Therefore, compared with percutaneous vertebral augmentation pre-operation, maximum von Mises stress and maximum displacement were decreased significantly after percutaneous vertebral augmentation, with those in anterolateral site being decreased the most significantly. Similar changes could be seen in extension, lateral bending, and rotations loading conditions. (2) The results showed that anterolateral cement filling could better restore strength and stability of fractured vertebral body. To make cement fill in the anterolateral fractured area first using precise puncture and cement injection technique is suggested. © 2022, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

椎体成形与弯角椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折：骨水泥注射后分布与渗漏率的比较

背景:弯角椎体成形为椎体成形的改良术式,其最大的特点是能使骨水泥对称均匀分布,平衡椎体两侧强度,理论上能保证骨水泥在椎体内的均匀分布,解决传统经皮椎体成形单点、单次注射骨水泥分布不均导致骨折区疼痛缓解效果不佳的问题。目的:对比椎体成形与弯角椎体成形行骨水泥注射治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效,探讨弯角椎体成形在临床应用中的价值。方法:选择2017至2018年安徽医科大学第三附属医院收治的单椎体骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者70例,随机分2组:椎体成形组(n=35)进行椎体成形聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥注射治疗,弯角椎体成形组(n=35)进行弯角椎体成形聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥注射治疗,观察两组骨水泥分布与渗漏情况;术前、术后1 d进行目测类比评分与Oswestry功能障碍指数评估;术后随访1年,观察伤椎椎体前缘高度恢复情况与邻近椎体骨折发生的情况。试验获得安徽医科大学医科大学第三附属医院伦理委员会批准。结果与结论:①与椎体成形组比较,弯角椎体成形组骨水泥分布较均匀、较满意(P<0.05),骨水泥渗漏率较低(P<0.05);②两组术后1 d的目测类比评分与Oswestry功能障碍指数均较术前明显改善(P<0.05),且弯角椎体成形组术后1 d的Oswestry功能障碍指数改善优于椎体成形组(P<0.05);③两组术后1年的伤椎椎体前缘高度均较术前明显改善(P<0.05),两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④两组邻近椎体骨折发生率比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑤结果表明与椎体成形治疗比较,弯角椎体成形行骨水泥注射治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折可降低骨水泥的渗漏率,提高患者生活质量。     

经皮椎体成形骨水泥注入治疗椎体重度压缩伴周壁破损性骨折

背景：经皮椎体成形已广泛应用于治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折,然而椎体重度压缩伴椎体周壁破损性骨折因其骨水泥渗漏及穿刺风险增大而临床报道很少。 目的：探讨应用经皮椎体成形骨水泥注入治疗椎体重度压缩伴周壁破损性骨折的可行性,并评价其临床效果。 方法：选择2008-06/2010-09收治的22例椎体重度压缩伴椎体周壁破损骨折患者,伤椎椎体高度平均丢失68.5%,应用经皮椎体成形治疗。术后应用目测类比疼痛评分评价疗效,改良Stauffer-Coventry评定系统评定随访结果。 结果与结论：全部病例顺利完成经皮椎体成形治疗,完成12个月随访。术后伤椎高度均有不同程度的恢复,至随访末期椎体高度无明显丢失。术后疼痛明显减轻或消失,测类比疼痛评分由术前平均8.8分降至术后平均2.2分。无症状性并发症及骨水泥材料宿主反应发生。提示椎体重度压缩伴椎体周壁破损性骨折应用经皮椎体成形治疗是安全可行的,且镇痛效果理想。     

In silico evaluation of stress distribution after vertebral body augmentation with conventional acrylics, composites and glass polyalkenoate cements

There exists clinical evidence of fractures in adjacent vertebrae subsequent to vertebral augmentation procedures, such as vertebroplasty (VP) and kyphoplasty (KP). A potential contributory factor to such fractures may be the excessive mismatch of mechanical properties between contemporary bone cements (i.e. polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and bisphenol-a-glycidyl dimethacrylate (BIS-GMA)) and bone. Aluminum-free glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) present an interesting alternative to conventional bone cements. GPCs adhere to the philosophy that implant materials should have mechanical characteristics similar to those of the bone, and also offer chemical adhesion and intrinsic bioactivity. However, their influence on the loading patterns of augmented vertebrae (as compared with conventional bone cements) is not available in the literature. The present work investigates how the moduli of PMMA, BIS-GMA and GPC implants affect the stress distribution within a single, augmented vertebra, in both healthy and osteoporotic states. Using a finite element model of the L4 vertebra derived from computed tomography data, with simulated augmentation, it was found that, as cement stiffness increased, stress was redistributed from the cortical and trabecular bone to the cement implant. The GPC implant exhibited the least effect on stress redistribution in both the healthy and osteoporotic models compared to its acrylic counterparts. The significance of this work is that, under simulated physiological loading conditions, aluminum-free GPCs exhibit stress distribution throughout the vertebral body similar to that of the healthy bone. In comparison to conventional augmentation materials, the use of aluminum-free GPCs in VP and KP may help to ameliorate the clinical complication of adjacent vertebral body compression fractures.     

改良小剂量骨水泥椎体成形治疗急性骨质疏松性压缩骨折

背景：经皮椎体成形技术已成为临床治疗脊柱骨质疏松性骨折的有效手段,但存在骨水泥渗漏风险。 目的：探讨改良小剂量骨水泥椎体成形治疗急性骨质疏松性压缩骨折的效果。 方法：选择2008年9月至2011年2月收治的32例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者进行经皮椎体成形治疗,将患者按照骨水泥注入量分为改良小剂量组和常规剂量组,改良小剂量组骨水泥注入量为2-4 mL,常规剂量组骨水泥注入量为4-6 mL,将同期入院急性骨质疏松压缩骨折因手术禁忌无法进行椎体成形治疗的患者列为对照组。 结果与结论：改良小剂量组和常规剂量组末次随访时疼痛缓解及椎体高度恢复率明显优于对照组(P < 0.05)。改良小剂量组骨水泥渗漏率、末次随访时相邻节段椎体继发骨折发生率明显低于常规剂量组(P < 0.05),末次随访时椎体高度恢复率低于常规剂量组(P < 0.05)。说明椎体成形治疗操作过程中,应用改良小剂量骨水泥方法在达到满意临床效果同时,可有效减少骨水泥渗漏、相邻节段继发骨折等并发症发生率。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty--a systematic review of cement augmentation techniques for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures compared to standard medical therapy

After more than two decades the treatment effect of cement augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCF) has now been questioned by two blinded randomised placebo-controlled trials. Thus many practitioners are uncertain on the recommendation for cement augmentation techniques in elderly patients with osteoporotic VCF. This systematic review analyses randomised controlled trials on vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty to provide an overview on the current evidence. From an electronic database research 8 studies could be identified meeting our inclusion criteria of osteoporotic VCF in elderly (age>60 years), treatment with vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, controlled with placebo or standard medical therapy, quality of life, function, or pain as primary parameter, and randomisation. Only two studies were properly blinded using a sham-operation as control. The other studies were using a non-surgical treatment control group. Further possible bias may be caused by manufacturer involvement in financing of three published RCT. There is level Ib evidence that vertebroplasty is no better than placebo, which is conflicting with the available level IIb evidence that there is a positive short-term effect of cement augmentation compared to standard medical therapy with regard to QoL, function and pain. Kyphoplasty is not superior to vertebroplasty with regard to pain, but with regard to VCF reduction (evidence level IIb). Kyphoplasty is probably not cost-effective (evidence level IIb), and vertebroplasty has not more than short-term cost-effectiveness (evidence level IV). Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty cannot be recommended as standard treatment for osteoporotic VCF. Ongoing sham-controlled trials may provide further evidence in this regard.     

计算机模拟椎体成形对邻近节段力学影响的有限元分析

背景：椎体成形后邻近椎体再骨折的原因,是骨质疏松的发展过程,或是骨水泥增强、椎体成形干预造成的？ 目的：用有限元方法观察椎体成形对相邻椎体的力学影响,分析相邻椎体继发骨折的病因。 方法：利用MIMICS软件,对1例T₁₂骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者CT图片进行预处理后导入ABAQUS软件中建立T10~L2三维有限元模型,模拟经椎弓根单侧和双侧入路椎体成形,设置0.3,1.0,4.0 MPa 3种轴向载荷进行生物力学分析。 结果与结论：成功建立了椎体成形前后的三维有限元模型。当轴向压力以0.3,1.0,4.0 MPa增加后,椎间盘、软骨终板和椎体整体的应力也成比例增加。椎体成形后增强椎体(T₁₂)上、下终板骨水泥注入侧的应力增强区域范围减少,所受最大应力明显减少;邻近椎间盘及椎体的应力分布无明显变化;T₁₂相邻椎体(T₁₁、L₁)及远端椎体(T₁₀、L₂)所受最大应力无明显改变。提示椎体成形后引起上下相邻椎体继发骨折的并发症可能和生物力学结果改变无关。     

经皮椎体成形治疗陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折

背景：对于经皮椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折研究多基于新鲜性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,而对陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的治疗鲜有报道。 目的：评价经皮椎体成形治疗陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效。 方法：纳入2007年1月至2010年12月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者,所有12例患者(14椎)均采经皮椎体成形治疗。记录患者经皮椎体成形前、经皮椎体成形后1个月和1年时的疼痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍索引和站立位侧位片病椎Cobb角。 结果与结论：所有陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者未发生感染、肺栓塞、骨水泥毒性反应和骨水泥渗漏而造成的神经压迫症状等并发症。经皮椎体成形后失访1例,死亡1例,死亡原因与手术无关。陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者经皮椎体成形后疼痛目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍索引评分均显著低于经皮椎体成形前(P < 0.01),而经皮椎体成形前后患者病椎Cobb角差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示经皮椎体成形能明显缓解陈旧性骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者的疼痛、改善了患者的生活质量。     

Anterior spinal column augmentation with injectable bone cements

A vertebral fracture, whether originating from osteoporosis or trauma, can be the cause of pain, disability, deformation and neurological deficit. The treatment of vertebral compression fractures has, for many years until the advent of vertebroplasty, consisted of bedrest and analgesics. Vertebroplasty is a percutaneous technique during which bone cement is injected in a vertebral body to provide immediate pain relief by stabilization. Inflatable bone tamps can, prior to the injection of cement, be used to create a void in the vertebral body, in which case the technique is known as balloon vertebroplasty (or kyphoplasty). The chance of extracorporal cement leakage is smaller for balloon vertebroplasty than for vertebroplasty. Some authors also claim to have gained some correction in vertebral body height or angulation. Both interventions can be used for several indications, including osteoporotic compression fractures and osteolytic lesions of the vertebral body such as myeloma, hemangioma or metastasis, and also for traumatic burst fractures in combination with pedicle screw instrumentation. Polymethyl methacrylate cement is the bone void filler that is used most frequently, although the application of calcium phosphate cements has been studied widely in vitro, in vivo and also in small-scale clinical series. The clinical results of (balloon-) vertebroplasty are favorable with 85-95% of all patients experiencing immediate and long-lasting relief of pain. Serious complications are relatively rare but include neurological deficit and pulmonary embolism. In this paper, both vertebroplasty and balloon vertebroplasty and their respective indications, techniques and results are described in relation with the application and limitations of permanent and resorbable injectable bone cements.     

注入骨水泥椎体成形与非手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的Meta分析

背景：注入骨水泥椎体成形或称经皮椎体成形术作为治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的微创技术,一些病例报道及非随机对照研究揭示了椎体成形对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折引起的疼痛有效。然而,这些研究主要基于回顾性的病例分析,缺乏高质量的随机对照研究。 目的：通过系统评价Meta分析的方法对椎体成形术与非手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效进行评价。 方法：计算机检索Cochrane Library(2010年第4期) 、PubMed (1966/2010-11)、EMBASE(1974/2010-11)、CBM (1978/2010-11)、CNKI(1994/2010-11)、和万方数据库(1997/2010-11)。纳入椎体成形术与非手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的随机对照试验,按照Cochrane Handbook 5.0 进行严格的质量评估,采用RevMan 5.0.1软件进行Meta分析。 结果与结论:共纳入4个随机对照试验,共445例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与保守治疗比较,随访1,4,24,48 周时椎体成形术在缓解疼痛方面更明显,在新发骨折发生方面,两种治疗方法没有差别;与安慰剂相比,随访4周时椎体成形术在缓解疼痛、提高腰部功能活动及改善生活质量方面并无明显优势。受系统评价纳入研究数量以及质量的限制,上述结论尚需要更多高质量的随机对照试验进一步验证。     

单侧经皮椎体成形修复骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折：骨水泥渗漏少利于恢复

背景：经皮椎体成形、经皮椎体后凸成形用于传统方法治疗无效的骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折效果良好,但在手术时机、麻醉方式、手术入路及方式等方面存在多种选择,并各有利弊。 目的：观察全身麻醉下手法复位联合单侧经皮椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的效果及优势。 方法：2012年7月至2014年12月回顾经皮椎体成形治疗单椎体骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者53例,新方法组32例在全身麻醉下先行手法复位,再行单侧椎弓根穿刺,单侧经皮椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗;常规方法组21例采用常规的经皮椎体成形操作治疗。 结果与结论：随访时间平均6个月(3-14个月)。两组患者术后3 d、术后末次随访的目测类比评分、椎体压缩率、后凸Cobb’s角均较术前显著改善,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。两组目测类比评分术后比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。与常规方法组相比,新方法组术后椎体压缩率、后凸Cobb’s角及骨水泥渗漏率明显降低(P < 0.01)。结果证实,新方法综合了经皮椎体成形与经皮椎体后凸成形的优势、单侧与双侧穿刺的优势,穿刺过程更安全,矫正后凸畸形、恢复椎体高度及生理曲度更好,同时骨水泥渗漏的危险性减少,骨水泥的形态分布更理想。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Composite time-lapse computed tomography and micro finite element simulations: A new imaging approach for characterizing cement flows and mechanical benefits of vertebroplasty

Vertebroplasty has been shown to reinforce weak vertebral bodies and reduce fracture risks, yet cement leakage is a major problem that can cause severe complications. Since cement flow is nearly impossible to control during surgery, small volumes of cement are injected, but then mechanical benefits might be limited. A better understanding of cement flows within bone structure is required to further optimize vertebroplasty and bone augmentation in general. We developed a novel imaging method, composite time-lapse CT, to characterize cement flow during injection.In brief, composite-resolution time-lapse CT exploits the qualities of microCT and clinical CT. The method consists in overlaying low-resolution time-lapse CT scans acquired during injection onto pre-operative high-resolution microCT scans, generating composite-resolution time-lapse CT series of cement flow within bone.In this in vitro study, composite-resolution time-lapse CT was applied to eight intact and five artificially fractured cadaveric vertebrae during vertebroplasty. The time-lapse scans were acquired at one-milliliter cement injection steps until a total of 10 ml cement was injected. The composite-resolution series were then converted into micro finite element models to compute strains distribution under virtual axial loading. Relocation of strain energy density within bone structure was observed throughout the progression of the procedure. Interestingly, the normalized effect of cement injection on the overall stiffness of the vertebrae was similar between intact and fractured specimens, although at different orders of magnitude.In conclusion, composite time-lapse CT can picture cement flows during bone augmentation. The composite images can also be easily converted into finite element models to compute virtual strain distributions under loading at every step of an injection, providing deeper understanding on the biomechanics of vertebroplasty.     

椎体成形中病椎内骨水泥弥散与骨折时间的关系

背景：椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折具有肯定的临床疗效,但在手术最佳时机方面还存在着较大的争议。 目的：分析骨折时间对椎体成形病椎内骨水泥弥散的影响。 方法：纳入骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折老年患者160例,均采用高黏度骨水泥进行椎体成形治疗,按骨折至手术时间分为新鲜组(<3周)、亚急性组(3-6周)和陈旧组(>6周)3组,术后即刻采用CT三维立体图像及X射线分析病椎内骨水泥的分布特点、弥散及渗漏情况。 结果与结论：骨水泥弥散体积比较为新鲜组>亚急性组>陈旧组,组间两两比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);各组骨水泥弥散特征均以均匀分布为主,骨水泥形状以实习团块状为主,绝大多数骨水泥均能够较大程度地弥散到超过椎体中线、达到上下椎板;各组患者病椎内骨水泥弥散系数为新鲜组>亚急性组>陈旧组,组间两两比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);新鲜组骨水泥渗漏率明显低于亚急性组和陈旧组(P < 0.05)。表明选择骨折3周内进行椎体成形治疗可获得较好的病椎内骨水泥弥散效果。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程      

骨折线内骨水泥弥散状况对经皮椎体成形治疗的影响

背景：研究证实经皮椎体成形治疗过程中,骨水泥固化后可明显提高骨折椎体的稳定性、强度及力学支撑等效能,但目前关于骨水泥骨折线内弥散状况对经皮椎体成形治疗影响的研究很少。 目的：分析胸腰椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折骨折线内骨水泥弥散状况对经皮椎体成形治疗的影响。 方法：纳入胸腰椎体骨折疏松性压缩骨折患者90例,其中男42例,女48例,年龄53-80岁,均进行经皮椎体成形骨水泥注射治疗,根据骨水泥在椎体内的弥散情况分2组,研究组(n=60)骨水泥弥散良好,对照组(n=30)骨水泥弥散不佳。记录患者治疗前后的目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、伤椎后凸角及与骨水泥材料相关的不良反应情况。 结果与结论：两组治疗前的目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数比较差异均无显著性意义;研究组治疗后3 d及末次随访的目测类比评分低于对照组(P < 0.05),治疗后3 d的Oswestry功能障碍指数、伤椎后凸角低于对照组(P < 0.05),两组末次随访的Oswestry功能障碍指数、伤椎后凸角及骨水泥渗漏情况比较差异无显著性意义。表明在经皮椎体成形治疗中,骨水泥弥散良好者疼痛缓解更明显,椎体稳定性更好,近期疗效更明显。