妊娠合并子宫肌瘤与剖腹产术中剔除与否结果比较

目的 探讨在剖宫产术中处理妊娠合并子宫肌瘤的方式.方法 回顾分析38例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤在剖宫产时肌瘤的处理方式比较剔除肌瘤与不剔除两组患者的平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后子宫复旧等情况.结果 38例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤剖宫产术中,28例同时术中剔除肌瘤,10例单纯剖宫产术,两组患者的平均手术时间和术中出血量相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).未剔除组术后子宫复旧不良发生率明显高于剔除组.结论 剖宫产术时情况许可者同时给予肌瘤剔除,可减少并发症发生,也避免因肌瘤再次手术.     

妊娠合并子宫肌瘤剖宫产术中处理的临床探讨

子宫肌瘤是育龄期妇女最常见的疾病之一.妊娠期子宫肌瘤的发生率约0.3%-2.6%[1].本文对我院48例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤剖宫产时肌瘤处理方式进行回顾分析,比较剔除肌瘤与不剔除肌瘤两组患者的术中失血量、平均手术时间、术后病率和术后子宫复旧及术后并发症等指标.以探讨剖宫产同时行肌瘤剔除术的可行性.     

妊娠合并子宫肌瘤行剖宫产术中肌瘤剔除的临床效果观察

目的：研究妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者行剖宫产术中肌瘤剔除的临床效果。方法：选取2003年1月～2010年12月于本院进行治疗的219例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者为研究对象,上述患者均无妊娠合并症、内外科合并症及肌瘤剔除手术禁忌。将其随机分为治疗组（剖宫产术中肌瘤剔除组）109例和对照组（仅行子宫下段剖宫产术组）110例,后将两组患者平均出血量、术后平均住院时间及产褥病率、术后并发症发生率进行统计及比较。结果：治疗组患者平均出血量及产褥病率、术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义,而两组患者术后平均住院时间比较,P〉0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论：妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者在剖宫产术中剔除肌瘤损伤相对较小,治疗效果好,值得在妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者治疗中广泛应用。     

剖宫产术时肌瘤剔除术32例临床分析

目的：探讨剖宫产术时剔除子宫肌瘤的指征和方法。方法：对32例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤行剖宫产术患者进行回顾性分析。结果：剖宫产同时行肌瘤剔除32例．无1例行全子宫切除术。对剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除与正常剖宫产的出血量比较、单发肌瘤与多发肌瘤剔除时手术失血量比较、产后子宫复旧与非剔除组相比,差异无显著性。结论：剖宫产术时应同时剔除子宫肌瘤．同时采用U字连续缝合的方式关闭瘤腔．以减少出血及术后并发症。剖宫产术中同期行肌瘤剔除术是有价值的。     

妊娠合并子宫妊娠肌瘤在剖宫产时子宫肌瘤的处理方式探讨

目的探讨妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者在剖宫产术中行子宫肌瘤剔除术的可行性和安全性。方法选取妊娠合并子宫肌瘤在剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除术的60例患者作为观察组,选同期60例正常剖宫产患者为对照组,比较两组患者手术前后血红蛋白变化、术中平均出血量、术后24h出血量、子宫复旧情况等,同时对肌瘤大小不同(5cm≤直径≤8cm和直径<5cm)的患者术中平均出血量及术后24h出血量进行比较。结果观察组与对照组手术前后血红蛋白变化、术中平均出血量、术后24h出血量、子宫复旧情况等比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肌壁间肌瘤5cm≤直径≤8cm和直径<5cm的患者术中平均出血量及术后24h出血量比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论选择合适的病例、手术方法得当的情况下,剖宫产术中同时行子宫肌瘤剔除术安全、可行。对于直径>8cm的肌壁间肌瘤、宫颈肌瘤、子宫下段后壁肌瘤、靠近特殊部位的肌瘤不主张剖宫产同时剔除。     

妊娠合并子宫肌瘤剖宫产时的处理方法分析

目的探讨妊娠合并子宫肌瘤剖宫产时剔除指征、方法和结局。方法对210例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤行剖宫产的病例分为肌瘤剔出组和肌瘤未剔出组各105例,剖宫产肌瘤未剔除组采用改良式腹壁横切口子宫下段剖宫产,剖宫产同时行子宫肌瘤剔除术采用改良式腹壁横切口子宫下段剖宫产,然后剔除肌瘤。观察两组手术时间、术中和术后出血量、住院时间及患者满意度。结果肌瘤剔除组与未剔除组比较,105例肌瘤剔除组手术时间(67.5±5.9)min长于肌瘤未剔除组(45.3±5.8)min,肌瘤剔除组术中出血量(212.4±75.1)mL多于肌瘤未剔除组(183.3±85.2)mL,P<0.05;肌瘤剔除组术后24h出血量(302.1±86.3)mL与肌瘤未剔出组(301.3±79.9)mL、住院时间(6.5±1.9)天与肌瘤未剔出组(6.8±1.7)d、患者满意度(97.1%)与肌瘤未剔出组(95.2%)均相当,P>0.05。结论剖宫产同时行子宫肌瘤剔除术是可行及安全的,可减少第二次手术的痛苦,减轻患者的经济负担,但必须严格掌握指征。     

妊娠合并子宫肌瘤80例在剖宫产术中的处理

目的:探讨对妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者在剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除术的可行性和安全性.方法:回顾性分析2007年1月～2009年12月我院妊娠合并子宫肌瘤80例在剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除术患者的临床资料,选择同期无任何并发症的正常剖官产患者80例为对照组.统计两组在术中平均出血量、术后24小时出血量、手术前后HGB差值、子宫复旧情况.结果:观察组与对照组各项观察指标比较差异均无统计学意义.结论:在病例选择合适、手术方法得当的情况下,剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除术是安全可行的.对于肌壁间较大肌瘤直径(5～8 cm)在应用缩宫素联合米索前列醇、葡萄糖酸钙同时行子宫下段环扎后,可以在剖宫产术中安全剔除.     

剖宫产术时子宫肌瘤剔除临床分析

目的探讨妊娠合并子宫肌瘤在剖宫产术时行肌瘤剔除术的可行性、安全性。方法采用回顾性分析的方法对2008年1月至2011年6月46例妊娠并发子宫肌瘤患者施行剖宫产术时肌瘤剔除术,分析患者术前、术中及术后情况。结果术中平均出血量(250±30)ml,≥500ml者2例;术后病理诊断均为子宫平滑肌瘤;子宫复旧不全1例,产后出血1例,无产后并发症。结论剖宫产术同时行子宫肌瘤剔除是安全可行的,并可减少患者再次手术的痛苦及风险。     

剖宫产术同时行子宫肌瘤剔除451例分析

目的探讨对妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者在剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除术的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年10月至2011年9月我院妊娠合并子宫肌瘤451例在剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除术患者的临床资料,选择同期无任何合并症的正常剖宫产患者451例为对照组,统计两组在术中出血量、术后24h出血量、手术前后血红蛋白差值、子宫复旧情况差异。结果观察组与对照组相比,手术时间、肠蠕动恢复时间延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术中出血量及住院时间等比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在病例选择合适、手术方法得当的情况下,剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除术是安全可行的。     

瘢痕子宫足月妊娠合并子宫肌瘤在剖宫产时行肌瘤剥除术的疗效研究

目的 研究瘢痕子宫足月妊娠合并子宫肌瘤女性行剖宫产术中肌瘤剔除的临床效果.方法 选取2016年10月至2019年10月收治的50例瘢痕子宫足月妊娠合并子宫肌瘤孕产妇在剖宫产术中同时行肌瘤剔除者作为观察组,另选取同期瘢痕子宫足月妊娠但未合并子宫肌瘤66例作为对照组,只单纯行子宫下段剖宫产术,观察2组的手术指标、术后恢复、...     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.