斯氏线虫对黄曲条跳甲的侵染能力

本文应用Hassell-Varley模型和Holling功能反应模型对斯氏线虫与黄条跳甲三龄幼虫的关系进行了拟合，得到在48h内，每百条线虫可感染1．4头寄主，线虫间干扰作用为0．2738；每2500条线虫对寄主的瞬时发现率为0．5，在最适宜的条件下，最多可感染72头寄主。线虫对不同龄期的黄曲条跳甲幼虫感染，结果表明，随寄主龄期的增加而感染率增加。     

全膜双垄沟播玉米密度对产量及植株性状的影响研究

通过在全膜双垄沟播技术模式下6个耐密型玉米杂交种不同密度(4.5、5.25、6.0、6.75、7.5万株·hm^-2)的试验,研究了玉米产量及其性状与种植密度的关系。在本文研究密度范围内,玉米的产量随着密度的增加而增高;当密度达到一定程度之后,随着密度的增加,产量反而下降,二者呈二次曲线模式变化Y=-6417.314+5501.842X-396.330X²。结果表明,6个耐密型玉米杂交种在双垄全膜沟播技术模式下最佳密度为6.941万株·hm^-2。此密度下各植株性状指标为：穗粒数为499.9粒、百粒重为38.63 g、出籽率为83.71%、穗长为17.5 cm、株高194 cm、茎粗2.14 cm、秃顶长1 cm。株高与密度之间为正相关,函数曲线是幂模型Y=140.607X^0.16602,穗粒数、穗粗、茎粗、出籽率4个性状与密度之间为负相关,函数模型均为性状指标随密度的增加而减少的三次曲线。秃顶长、穗长、百粒重与密度的关系呈二次曲线模式变化。密度与秃顶长之间为正相关,与穗长、百粒重之间为负相关。秃顶长随着密度的增大而增加;穗长、百粒重随密度的增加而呈单边下降的变化趋势。穗位高与密度的相关不显著。     

卡巴咪嗪与苯妥英相互作用的双重效 应

对于某些癫痫患者,血浆苯妥英(PHT)浓度随卡巴咪嗪(Carbamazepine,CBZ)的给予而增高。当PHT浓度接近治疗范围上限时,给予CBZ很易导致PHT的毒性临床表现。显然CBZ可能降低PHT的代谢,使PHT在血浆中蓄积。本试验选择A组32例患者,给予CBZ剂量逐渐增加,PHT剂量不变(每日5.29±1.24 mg/kg);B组22例患者,给予PHT剂量逐渐减少,CBZ剂量不变(每日19.17±     

发热、进行性肝脾肿大及胸水迅速增长

本例临床特点为不规则发热,进行性肝脾肿大和增长迅速的乳糜胸水,胸部X 线检查上纵膈有密度增高阴影,应考虑以下疾病。一、丝虫病成虫寄生于淋巴管、淋巴结内,由于机械性及其代谢产物的刺激引起局部淋巴管炎、淋巴结炎,同时有发热、食欲减退等全身反应,当乳糜池以上的胸导管受丝虫病性肉芽肿压迫而破裂时,可引起乳糜胸水、乳糜腹水,此种情况在5岁以下小儿罕见。本患儿无淋巴炎病史,发热不呈周期性,嗜酸细胞不增高,且反复查血未查到微丝蚴,故可排除。     

阴道镜对宫颈癌前病变的诊断价值

<正>子宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)是一组子宫颈癌癌前病变的统称。它指子宫颈非典型性增生,分3级,它的自然转归分为消退逆转、持续不变及进展为更高一级病变乃至浸润癌。随级别的升高病变逆转率逐渐下降而进展率逐渐升高,故早期诊断是治疗CIN的关键。临床常用以下方法及步骤进行诊断:细胞学检查—阴道镜检查—活体组织检查—宫颈管诊刮术—宫颈锥切术。本研究采用阴道镜检查直接观察宫颈病变,定点活检,并与细胞学诊断相比较,病理检查为最后确     

心外管道全腔静脉肺动脉连接手术后活动耐力的随访研究

为研究心外管道全腔静脉肺动脉连接手术(extrcardiac total cavopulmonary connection,ETCPC)后活动耐力的变化情况,采用心脏平板运动检测仪随访26例ETCPC术后存活病人,与法洛四联症根治术后26例进行对比,观察心率、血压、呼吸频率、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)随运动量增加的变化情况,同时比较ETCPC组是否开窗随活动耐力的变化情况。结果表明,ETCPC组在运动量3级以下时,心率、血压、呼吸频率、SpO2均随着运动量增加而逐渐升高;当运动量超过4级后,心率基本保持不变,血压、SpO2则逐渐下降,而呼吸频率持续升高。在静息状态下,ETCPC组心率、呼吸频率数均略高于对照组(t=2.13,P<0.05;t=2.31,P<0.05),SpO2则明显降低(t=2.46,P<0.05);运动量超过3级后,心率、血压、SpO2均显著低于对照组,而呼吸频率则始终明显高于对照组,且恢复缓慢。ETCPC开窗组心率在5级、血压在4级达到高峰;未开窗组心率、血压在3级达到高峰;在整个运动过程中,开窗组呼吸频率始终明显高于未开窗组,而SpO2则持续低于未开窗组。结论:ETCPC术后机体通过适当增加心率、呼吸频率,可以较好地耐受3级以下运动量的变化,但当运动量超过3级后,缺乏动力的右心系统无法同活动量增加相适应,显示不同程度的活动耐力受限。该手术完全旷置右心后,可能给窦房结对整体心率的调节带来不利影响。     

宫腔内人工授精妊娠结局及妊娠成功率的影响因素研究

目的 探讨宫腔内人工授精(intra-uterineinsemination,IUI)妊娠结局及妊娠成功率的影响因素,旨在为临床工作提供参考.方法 IUI的不孕夫妇608对,共1059个治疗周期,总结宫腔内人工授精妊娠结局及妊娠成功率的影响因素,多因素采取Logistic回归式分析.结果 人工授精妊娠成功率会随着患者不孕年限与年龄的增加而下降,临床妊娠共126例,治疗周期妊娠成功率为11.9%,当精液密度<1×106/ml时,妊娠成功率较低,促排卵周期较自然周期妊娠率高,单个卵泡妊娠率低于超过2个的卵泡,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),第3个治疗周期高于其他周期的妊娠率(P<0.05),经Logistic回归分析得出,影响IUI妊娠结局及妊娠成功率的因素主要包括女方不孕年限、年龄、卵泡个数、促排卵数及不孕原因.每一周期IUI次数及人工授精时机不会对妊娠成功率产生明显影响.结论 IUI妊娠结局主要影响因素包括年龄、不孕年限、不孕原因、促排卵数及卵泡数,此外,IUI妊娠率也会受治疗周期数及精密密度的影响.     

序贯使用胸腺肽α-1与阿德福韦酯治疗慢性HBV携带者的临床研究

目的探索对慢性HBV携带者具有更好疗效的抗病毒治疗方案。方法检测未予抗病毒治疗、单用阿德福韦酯及序贯使用胸腺肽和阿德福韦酯抗病毒治疗的共98例慢性HBV携带者基线水平及第6、12、18个月时血HBVDNA、ALT及肝纤维化标志物水平,通过分析不同时期以上指标的变化评价抗病毒疗效。结果未抗病毒治疗组随观察期延长HBVDNA下降率、肝纤维化标志物显著下降率无明显增加,而血ALT水平保持正常率下降且差异具统计学意义;单用阿德福韦酯组和序贯治疗组均随疗程延长HBVDNA下降率、ALT保持正常率及抗肝纤维化有效率均逐渐增加,差异具统计学意义：第18个月时序贯治疗组HBVDNA下降率高于单用阿德福韦酯组,差异有统计学意义,但两组之间ALT保持正常率与抗肝纤维化有效率差异无统计学意义。结论相比未抗病毒治疗者,单用阿德福韦酯及序贯使用胸腺肽和阿德福韦酯抗病毒治疗对慢性HBV携带者仍有疗效且随疗程延长疗效增加,总体而言,序贯抗病毒治疗比单用阿德福韦酯疗效更好。     

第八章 血液病

随着增龄机体各脏器的老化,老年骨髓造血功能逐渐衰退,而骨髓的脂肪面积却逐渐增加。细胞成份中,肥网状细胞比率有比青壮年增加的倾向,造血干细胞中粒系定向干细胞和红系定向干细咆虽不随年龄变化,但对促红细胞生成素的反应性则随增龄而降低。也有报告,老年的造血多能干细胞随增龄而减少,故在周围血液中,红细胞数和血     

黄麻高产栽培理论研究——种植密度与群体光合性状及干物质生产

本试验以黄麻圆果种粤圆五号为供试品种,研究了三种密度群体的光合性状和干物质生产的变化。 各生长期不同密度的群体,叶面积和干物质产量都有显著的差异,这是由于株数不同所致;群体内光强分布和净同化率的差异不大;经济系数保持恒定。同一密度的群体,叶面积及干物质产量随生长而变化,主要是由于单株叶面积及干物质产量的变化所致。 在试验范围内,总叶面积的变异范围比平均净同化率的变异范围大,总叶面积与干物质产量呈极显著正相关(r=0.7517),总叶面积的变异是干物质产量不同的主要原因。 因此,高产栽培主要是采用适当的农业技术措施去促进叶面积的有利发展,而在目前生产上采用的种植密度范围内,企图通过改变种植密度来提高净同化率及经济产量系数以致增加干物质产量的可能性是不大的。     

alpha-glucosidase (CHO) (Genzyme)

Genzyme General is developing recombinant human alpha-glucosidase, produced in mammalian cell culture, as a potential treatment for Pompe disease. By July 2004, enrollment was completed in two clinical trials and an observational study in adults. Genzyme was planning to file for regulatory approval in Europe during 2004, followed by filings in the US and Japan in mid-2005.     

(S)-oxybutynin (Sepracor)

Sepracor is developing (S)-oxybutynin, a single-isomer version of Alza's Ditropan (racemic oxybutynin), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, as a potential treatment for urinary incontinence.     

Allosteric interaction of zinc with recombinant alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2) and alpha(1)beta(2) GABA(A) receptors

In a recent study we have provided evidence that inhibition of native GABA(A) receptors by zinc depends primarily on the allosteric modulation of receptor gating. Both the kinetics and the sensitivity of the GABA(A) receptor to zinc depend on subunit composition, especially on the presence of the gamma(2) subunit. To analyze the mechanism of action of zinc its effects have been tested on recombinant alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2) and alpha(1)beta(2) receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells. The currents produced by ultrafast application of GABA have been measured to assess the impact of zinc ions on GABA(A) receptor gating with resolution corresponding to the time scale of synaptic currents. While, as expected, zinc markedly reduced the peak amplitude of alpha(1)beta(2)-mediated currents, its effect on kinetics was significantly different from that observed for alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2). In particular, unlike alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2), zinc did not affect the onset of alpha(1)beta(2)-mediated responses. Moreover, zinc increased the extent of desensitisation of alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2) receptors and reduced desensitisation of alpha(1)beta(2) ones. Quantitative analysis suggests that zinc exerts an allosteric modulation on both alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2) and alpha(1)beta(2) receptors. Zinc effects on alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2) were qualitatively similar to those reported for native receptors.     

Di(isononyl) phthalate (DINP) and di(isodecyl) phthalate (DIDP) are not mutagenic

Recently there have been reports of liver and kidney tumors in rodents following long-term exposure to di(isononyl) phthalate (DINP). Mechanistic studies suggested that the liver tumors were a consequence of peroxisomal proliferation, whereas the kidney tumors (found only in male rats) were associated with induction of alpha(2u)-globulin. Because both peroxisomal proliferation and alpha(2u)-globulin are considered to be non-genotoxic carcinogenic processes, it seemed appropriate to investigate the genotoxic potential of DINP. Additional studies were also conducted on di(isodecyl) phthalate (DIDP), a structurally related substance that also induces peroxisomal proliferation, although it has not been tested in a carcinogenicity bioassay. The DINP was tested in Salmonella, in vitro cytogenetics and mouse micronucleus assays, whereas DIDP was evaluated in a mouse micronucleus test. All of these tests produced negative results, i.e. neither phthalate was mutagenic in any of the test systems. These data are consistent with results of other published and unpublished genotoxicity tests and provide support for the hypothesis that the liver and kidney tumors induced by DINP were the result of non-genotoxic processes.     

Developmental toxicity of di-(C(7)-C(9) alkyl) phthalate and di-(C(9)-C(11) alkyl) phthalate in the rat

Two phthalate esters, di-(C(7)-C(9) alkyl) phthalate (D79P) and di-(C(9)-C(11) alkyl) phthalate (D911P), have been assessed for their potential to cause developmental toxicity in the rat. Groups of 22 timed-mated Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg D79P or D911P daily by oral gavage (5 ml/kg) between gestation days (GD) 1 and 19. Control animals received the vehicle (olive oil) alone. On GD20, the animals were sacrificed and the fetuses examined. Treatment resulted in no signs of maternal toxicity, as assessed by adjusted maternal bodyweight gain throughout gestation and clinical examinations, and no effects upon litter size, fetal survival or bodyweight. Pups of the high dose D79P and intermediate and high dose D911P groups showed increased incidences of supernumerary lumbar ribs. There was a significant increase in dilated renal pelves in pups of the low dose D79P and high dose D911P groups, but only for D911P was there a significant trend. Consequently, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for maternal toxicity for both D79P and D911P is 1000 mg/kg/day. The NOAEL values for developmental toxicity are 500 mg/kg/day D79P and 250 mg/kg/day D911P.     

4（R）—（6—氨基—9H—嘌呤—9—基）—2（R）—（羟甲基）四氢呋喃—3（R）—醇的合成

为寻找抗HIV化合物,我们以D－核糖为原料,经甲基化、硅烷基化、还原裂解反应制得重要中间体1－脱氧核糖（5）,再通过形成环状亚砜化合物,与NaN3发生反应后,经过还原、缩合、环合、氨化、脱保护基反应制得异脱氧腺嘌呤核苷（1）,各步反应收率均超过70％。其抗HIV活性测定尚在进行中。     

1,2-环己二胺柠檬酸铂(Ⅱ)及异柠檬酸铂(Ⅱ)的合成和抗癌活性

报道了1,2-环己二胺异柠檬酸铂(Ⅱ)及1,2-环己二胺柠檬酸铂(Ⅱ)的合成及鉴定方法。抗癌试验表明前者在40及80mg/kg 剂量下对小鼠 L1210、P388及S180均有明显的抑瘤作用,且有部分动物可治愈;后者对 L1210也有明显的抑瘤作用,但较前者为弱。     

Two-generation reproduction toxicity studies of di-(C(7)-C(9) alkyl) phthalate and di-(C(9)-C(11) alkyl) phthalate in the rat

Di-(C(7)-C(9) alkyl) phthalate (D79P) and di-(C(9)-C(11) alkyl) phthalate (D911P), based on high-normality linear oxo-alcohols, have been assessed for their impact upon reproductive performance in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were continuously exposed to either D79P or D911P at dietary levels of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% over two generations. Selected F(0) offspring (F(1) generation) were exposed to the same dietary concentration of D79P or D911P as the respective F(0) animals, and were mated to produce F(1) offspring. Both D79P and D911P markedly reduced body weight gain in F(0) and F(1) adult males at the highest dose, but females were affected to a lesser extent. There was no impairment of fertility, fecundity, or development in either generation, but body weights of offspring in the 1.0% D79P and 1.0% D911P groups were slightly and transiently reduced over the weaning period. Although decreases in the weight of several organs were accounted for by depressed body weight, ovary weights were reduced in both generations exposed to 1.0% D79P, and epididymidal weights were slightly reduced in adults of both generations exposed to 1.0% D911P. However, ovarian function-assessed by the oestrus cycle and mating behaviour-and epididymidal sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were unaffected by either substance. Treatment resulted in liver changes, particularly in males, characterised by increased liver weight in young animals, histopathologic changes and reduced organ weight in mature animals, and an increase in palmitoyl CoA oxidase activity. In conclusion, neither D79P nor D911P impaired reproductive function in rats when administered in the diet at levels that induce systemic toxicity, and the NOAEL for effects on reproduction in the rat is 0.5% for both D79P and D911P.     

4（R）—（6—氨基—9—嘌呤基）—2（R）—（羟甲基）四氢呋喃—3（R）—醇的合成

为寻找抗免疫缺陷病毒化合物,以D－核糖为原料,经甲基化、硅烷基化、还原裂解反应制得重要中间体1－脱氧核糖（5）,再通过形成环状亚砜化合物,与NaN3发生反应后,经过还原、缩合、环合、氨化、脱保护基反应制得异脱氧腺嘌呤核苷（1）,各步反应收率均超过70％。