Second primary cancer in hematological malignancy experience in VGH-Taipei

Seven patients of hematological malignancy with second primary cancer had been found at Veteran General Hospital from 1983 to 1988. The second primary cancers either developed subsequently or concurrently with the hematological malignancies. Four patients were diagnosed to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and three of them developed squamous cell carcinoma of lung(2) and hepatocellular carcinoma (1) at 44, 20 and 45 months after the initial diagnosis of on-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All three had received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Another one was found to have liposarcoma in the retroperitoneum concurrently. Three patients had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Two of them were found to have skin squamous cell carcinoma at the same time. Another one developed cervical squamous cell cancer ten months after treatment with oral leukeran and prednisolone. Literature about synchronous and metachronous neoplasms was reviewed.     

子宫内膜癌合并多原发性肿瘤

【目的】探讨子宫内膜癌合并多原发癌的发生率、病因、诊断及预后。【方法】对45例子宫内膜癌合并多原发癌的临床及病理资料进行回顾性分析。【结果】本组子宫内膜癌合并多原发癌的发生率为3.2%(45/1389);异期癌两癌发生间隔时间最短8个月,最长19年;间隔5年以上者62%(16/26);子宫内膜癌合并生殖器官恶性肿瘤53%(24/45),其中大部分为同期癌(19/24);合并乳腺癌16%(7/45);合并大肠癌11%(5/45)。先期癌的临床分期中、早期者87%,治疗均采用相应的根治性治疗,其中31%(8/26)有放疗史,23%(6/26)有化疗史。本组多原发癌的治疗,全部为根治性治疗,5年生存率为63%。【结论】①必须警惕子宫内膜癌合并生殖器官、乳腺、大肠等器官多原发癌的发生;②子宫内膜癌合并多原发癌的病因可能与共同的胚胎来源、共同的雌激素受体、放射线、抗癌药物的使用等因素有关。     

多原发癌合并肾癌的治疗及预后

目的: 探讨多原发癌合并肾癌的治疗及预后，并进行风险分层。方法: 回顾性研究两个中心的27例多原发癌合并肾癌资料，包括多原发癌的病种及具体治疗方法、各原发癌的间隔时间等，同时随访生存情况，包括复发、转移及存活情况，进行统计学分析。其中两种原发癌的间隔时间在6个月以内为同时性多原发癌，6个月以上为异时性多原发癌。对病例进行简单的风险分层：多原发癌中只要有一种恶性肿瘤分期在Ⅲ期及以上者定义为高风险，否则为低风险。结果: 本组27例患者中，男20例，女7例。第一原发癌(首发癌)年龄42~82岁，平均(61.3±11.7)岁；发现肾癌时年龄43~87岁，平均(66.0±11.3)岁。首发癌与第二原发癌中位间隔时间18个月(0~360个月)。27例患者中二重癌21例，三重癌4例，四重癌2例；异时性多原发癌17例，同时性多原发癌10例。肾癌合并的多原发癌中以累及泌尿系统、消化系统和呼吸系统最为常见，具体为膀胱癌、肺癌、结肠癌。从最后一种原发癌开始计算的中位随访时间为32个月(2~156个月)，有14例存活，死亡的13例中有11例与肿瘤相关。肿瘤分期是预后的影响因素，有一种肿瘤分期在Ⅲ期及以上者(高风险组)预后相对较差。结论: 多原发癌合并肾癌相对少见，治疗过程中应对各肿瘤进行标准化治疗，预后主要取决于各肿瘤中分期最高者，简单风险分层显示高风险组预后更差，此种分层方法可能对预测预后有一定帮助。     

多原发肺癌（12例报告）

目的：探讨多原发肺癌的诊断及手术治疗。方法：对12例诊断为多原发肺癌患的临床病理资料进行分析。男9例，女3例。同时性双原发肺癌5例，异时性双原发肺癌7例。12例按肿瘤不同的生长部位采取不同的手术方式，9例采用规范的肺叶切除术；3例因肺功能差行肿物切除术。结果：本组无手术死亡，均获得随访，存活1年8例，存活3年4例，存活5年1例，现有2例仍在随访中。结论：手术切除为多原发肺癌的主要治疗方法。     

PAROTOID TUMOURS: A STUDY OF 65 CASES

Sixty five patients who had undergone surgery for parotid tumours over a period of nine years were studied retrospectively. There were 45 males and 20 females. There were 49 benign and 16 malignant tumours. Age ranged 35-69 years; mean 47 years. Pain (6%) and facial palsy (3%) were unusual features. Size of tumour at presentation varied from 1.5 to 12 cm. Superficial parotidectomy was the commonest operation performed and Total/Radical/Extended parotidectomy was done in selected cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was used in six cases. No recurrences were noted following surgery for benign tumours. However a local recurrence rate of 37% was found for malignancies (6/16 cases). This paper aims to review the experience of managing these tumours in the setting of service hospitals.KEY WORDS: Carcinoma parotid, Parotid tumour, Pleomorphic adenoma     

乳腺癌相关多原发癌25例临床分析

目的探讨乳腺癌相关多原发癌的诊断、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析我院自1989年1月至2006年10月经病理组织学证实的25例与乳腺癌相关多原发癌的临床资料,结合文献对乳腺癌相关多原发癌诊断标准、发病率、病因及危险因素、治疗方式及预后进行讨论。结果25例均符合多原发癌的诊断标准,首发癌为乳腺癌的患者术后均行放化疗。异时性癌23例,同时性癌2例。25例多原发癌中,20例首发癌为乳腺癌,次原发癌最多见是肺癌(5例),其次为肝癌(3例),9例仍健存患者中次原发癌为乳腺癌为4例,甲状腺癌为2例,非霍杰金氏淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌及卵巢癌各1例,次原发癌为肺癌和肝癌的生存期均在2年内。结论乳腺癌术后放化疗可能是次原发癌诱因之一,多原发癌的预后与次原发癌的恶性程度相关。     

多原发性肺癌与支气管肺泡上皮异型增生关系的研究

目的:探讨多原发性肺癌与支气管上皮异型增生及肺泡上皮不典型腺瘤性增生之间的关系.方法:对114个手术切除的原发性肺癌标本进行病理组织学检查,观察多原发性肺癌的存在,支气管上皮异型增生,以及肺泡上皮不典型腺瘤性增生的数目,分析多原发性肺癌与支气管上皮异型增生及其程度,肺泡上皮不典型腺瘤性增生之间的关系.结果:在114个原发性肺癌标本中发现多原发性肺癌13例,其中6例2个原发性肺癌为支气管肺癌,7例2个原发性肺癌为支气管肺癌和肺泡细胞癌.经Spearman相关分析,多原发性肺癌与支气管上皮异型增生级别呈正相关(r=0.238,P<0.05).结论:支气管及肺泡上皮细胞可同时或先后发生原发性肺癌;有广泛支气管上皮高级别异型增生者肺多原发性癌发生概率增高.     

Comparison of some clinical and histological features of colorectal carcinoma occurring in patients below and above 40 years

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinicopathological features of colorectal malignancies in Sri Lankan patients aged 40 years or younger, and to compare them with those of older patients. METHODS: The clinicopathological features of 60 colorectal malignancies which occurred in patients aged 40 years or younger were compared with 245 malignant colorectal tumours in older patients. These tumours had been diagnosed at a University Department of Pathology over 15 years. RESULTS: 19.7% of colorectal malignancies occurred in patients aged 40 years or younger. (Male:Female ratio = 1.6:1). The mean duration from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 4.2 months. There was no statistically significant difference between young and old patients in the presenting symptoms, site of tumour and Dukes' staging of colorectal malignancies. A statistically significant proportion of tumours in young patients was mucoid (13.3%) or signet ring cell (5%) type. 3.3% of young patients with colorectal carcinoma gave a family history of similar malignancy. A history of predisposing conditions (ulcerative colitis) was present in 3.3% of young patients. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of colorectal malignancies in Sri Lankan patients below 40 years of age does not differ from that in older patients. Mucoid and signet ring cell carcinomas are commoner in the young.     

强直性脊柱炎合并恶性肿瘤31例

目的:分析强直性脊柱炎患者合并恶性肿瘤的临床特点. 方法:选择北京大学第一医院2006年1月至2014年7月明确诊断为强直性脊柱炎合并恶性肿瘤的31例住院患者,与同时期住院的强直性脊柱炎未合并肿瘤患者的临床特点进行比较. 并对其一般情况、强直性脊柱炎的临床与影像学表现、肿瘤的特征、预后等进行回顾性分析. 结果:31 例患者包括男性27 例( 87%) ,女性4 例( 13%) ,确诊强直性脊柱炎的平均年龄为( 43 ± 17 )岁(16~76岁);首次确诊肿瘤的平均年龄为(60 ± 12)岁(31~87岁),其中27例患者的肿瘤发生在强直性脊柱炎确诊之后. 31例患者确诊强直性脊柱炎时均存在典型的影像学表现,大部分未接受针对强直性脊柱炎的规范化治疗. 合并的恶性肿瘤者包括膀胱癌7例,血液系统肿瘤6例,肺癌5例,肾癌5例,前列腺癌、肾盂癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、直肠癌、神经内分泌瘤各2例,结肠癌和食管癌各1例. 结论:强直性脊柱炎存在合并恶性肿瘤的风险,以膀胱癌最多见,其次是血液系统肿瘤,临床上需要关注.     

Lung flooding enables efficient lung sonography and tumour imaging in human ex vivo and porcine in vivo lung cancer model

Background

Sonography has become the imaging technique of choice for guiding intraoperative interventions in abdominal surgery. Due to artefacts from residual air content, however, videothoracoscopic and open intraoperative ultrasound-guided thermoablation of lung malignancies are impossible. Lung flooding is a new method that allows complete ultrasound imaging of lungs and their tumours.

Methods

Fourteen resected tumourous human lung lobes were examined transpleurally with B-mode ultrasound before (in atelectasis) and after lung flooding with isotonic saline solution. In two swine, the left lung was filled with 15 ml/kg isotonic saline solution through the left side of a double-lumen tube. Lung tumours were simulated by transthoracic ultrasound-guided injection of 5 ml of purified bovine serum albumin in glutaraldehyde, centrally into the left lower lung lobe. The rate of tumour detection, the severity of disability caused by residual gas, and sonomorphology of the lungs and tumours were assessed.

Results

The ex vivo tumour detection rate was 100% in flooded human lung lobes and 43% (6/14) in atelectatic lungs. In all cases of atelectasis, sonographic tumour imaging was impaired by residual gas. Tumours and atelectatic tissue were isoechoic. In 28% of flooded lungs, a little residual gas was observed that did not impair sonographic tumour imaging. In contrast to tumours, flooded lung tissue was hyperechoic, homogeneous, and of fine-grained structure. Because of the bronchial wall three-laminar structure, sonographic differentiation of vessels and bronchi was possible. In all cases, malignant tumours in the flooded lung appeared well-demarcated from the lung parenchyma. Adenocarcinoma, squamous, and large cell carcinomas were hypoechoic. Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma was slightly hyperechoic. Transpleural sonography identifies endobronchial tumour growth and bronchial wall destruction. With transthoracic sonography, the flooded animal lung can be completely examined in vivo. There is no residual gas, which interferes with ultrasound. Pulmonary vessels and bronchi are clearly differentiated. Simulated lung lesions can easily be detected inside the lung lobe.

Conclusions

Lung flooding enables complete lung sonography and tumour detection. We have developed a novel method that efficiently uses ultrasound for guiding intraoperative interventions in open and endoscopic lung surgery.     

X刀放射外科治疗多发脑转移瘤效果及影响因素

目的 评估单独采用X刀放射外科治疗多发脑转移瘤的疗效及其影响因素.方法 133例多发脑转移瘤病人单独接受X刀放射外科治疗,不合并全脑放射治疗.原发恶性肿瘤包括非小细胞肺癌、乳癌及其他.平均脑转移瘤的个数为4.4个(2～12个),平均肿瘤总体积为16.2 cm3(1.0～53.0 cm3),平均边缘放射剂量16.7 Gy,平均随访时间7.0月.结果 中位生存时间为9.0月.Cox回归分析显示,肿瘤总体积、RPA等级、边缘放射剂量为显著预后因子;脑转移瘤的个数、年龄、中心剂量则无统计学差异.结论 肿瘤总体积、RPA等级为多发颅内转移瘤显著预后因子.肿瘤总体积应该作为放射外科的选择标准,而不是转移瘤的个数.多发脑转移瘤单独采用X刀放射外科治疗可以获得满意的疗效,而是否有必要行全脑放射治疗,值得商榷.     

高龄老年多原发恶性肿瘤65例临床分析

目的探讨高龄老年多原发恶性肿瘤（multiple primary neoplasms,MPN）临床特点,提高对老年MPN的认识。方法回顾性分析65例高龄MPN患者的临床资料。结果调查老年恶性肿瘤患者472例,其中MPN65例,占13.8%。确诊第一肿瘤时中位年龄76岁。发病最常见的系统为呼吸、消化及泌尿生殖系统,最常见的器官为肺、胃及前列腺。组织病理学最常见的实体瘤依次是腺癌、移行细胞癌及鳞癌。中位生存时间69月。同时性MPN及异时性MPN在生存时间上差异无显著性（P=0.42）。二原发异时性MPN两肿瘤中位间隔时间88月,≥5年组及〈5年组生存时间差异无显著性（P=0.87）。结论老年人MPN发病率明显升高,但恶性程度相对较低,生存时间长,应得到足够的重视。     

肾移植术后并发原发性肺癌的单中心研究

目的 回顾性分析肾移植术后原发性肺癌的临床特点及预后.方法 自1988年1月~2015年4月期间,2793例患者在我院接受肾移植手术.14例(0.5%)患者随后发展为肺癌,其中10例(71.4%)接受了手术治疗.结果 肾移植时患者的平均年龄为50.2±8.3岁.14例肺癌患者中,10例(71.4%)有吸烟史.9例(64.3%)为偶然发现,而有症状者仅为5例.从移植手术到肺癌诊断的平均时间间隔为65.7±20.1个月.统计结果显示,不同肿瘤分期病人的生存率具有统计学差异(P=0.001).随访期间有11例死于肿瘤转移或器官衰竭,3例存活.肺癌诊断后的总体5年生存率为17.9%.结论 肾移植术后原发性肺癌的危险性可能高于一般人群.肾移植术后常规胸部检查可早期发现原发性肺癌,对于及早施行手术、改善预后很有必要.     

Pericardiocentesis for symptomatic malignant pericardial effusion: a study of 36 patients.

We reviewed 36 cases of symptomatic malignant pericardial effusion managed with pericardiocentesis at our institution from 1982 to 1989. There were 13 men and 23 women, aged 49 +/- 12 years (range, 33-76 years). The commonest underlying tumours were lung cancer (12 cases, 33%) and breast cancer (11 cases, 30%). Pericardiocentesis was successful as the initial management in 34 of 36 patients (94%); one patient died as a result of the procedure and another required subxiphoid incision and tube drainage of the effusion. When intrapericardial sclerotherapy was performed, only three of 28 patients required repeat pericardiocentesis, and when sclerotherapy was not performed initially, four of seven patients had recurrent symptomatic effusions. Median survival following pericardiocentesis in breast cancer patients was 10 months (range, 0-36 months) and in all other malignancies was four months (range, 0-12 months). We conclude that pericardiocentesis with intrapericardial sclerotherapy provides good local control for symptomatic malignant pericardial effusion in the majority of patients. In spite of this, the median survival of such patients is poor, especially in patients with malignancies other than breast cancer, with few patients surviving more than a few months.     

Screening for occult lung cancer.

A pilot screening program for the early detection of lung cancer was carried out in Saskatchewan in 1968 using chest roentgenography and cytologic examination of sputum samples. The yield from 23 000 men aged 40 years and over was only 10 cases. Nine of the men had advanced disease. One had occult lung cancer. A period of 31 months elapsed between the discovery of malignant cells in this patient's sputum and roentgenographic localization of the tumour. Following pneumonectomy he has survived with no discernible residual or metastatic tumour for 12 years. The morphologic changes in the resected lung provided a basis for discussing the preclinical phase of squamous cancer of the lung, the treatment of occult cancer and multicentric primary pulmonary tumours. The survey would have been more successful with a narrower target group and more frequent examination.     

上消化道及肺多原发癌128例临床分析

我科共收治上消化道和肺多原发癌１２８例，占同期我科收治上消化道及肺部恶性肿瘤患者的１．４％。所有病例均经病理证实。手术治疗８４例，１年生存率为１００．０％（８４／８４），３年生存率为３０．０％（２１／７０），５年生存率为１９．６％（１０／５１）；非手术治疗４４例，其中３２例在１年内死亡。说明对上消化道及肺多原发癌应采取积极的治疗，尽可能争取手术切除。     

Maxillary sinus tumours--a review of twenty-nine patients treated by maxillectomy approach

A retrospective data of 29 patients who underwent various types of maxillectomy from January 1998 till January 2004 in UKM hospital were reviewed. There were 21 males (72%) and 8 females (28%) with mean age of 42 years. Malays were the majority of patients 17 (59%), Chinese 11 (38%) and Indian 1 (3%). Seventeen patients (59%) presented with malignant tumours while 12 patients (41%) with benign tumours. Inverted papilloma (50%) was the commonest benign tumour and squamous cell carcinoma (36%) was the commonest malignancy. Medial maxillectomy was performed in ten patients (35%), total maxillectomy in seven patients (24%), three patients (10%) had near total, three patients (10%) had partial maxillectomy and six patients (21%) underwent inferior maxillectomy.     

皮肌炎及多发性肌炎伴恶性肿瘤13例临床分析

目的：分析皮肌炎及多发性肌炎伴发恶性肿瘤患者的临床情况。方法：回顾性分析我院2002年至2009年8年间13例皮肌炎及多发性肌炎伴发恶性肿瘤患者,分析其临床表现、实验室辅助检查指标和治疗情况。结果：77例皮肌炎及多发性肌炎患者中16.88%（13/77）伴发恶性肿瘤,伴发的肿瘤主要为鼻咽癌、肺癌、胃癌,其中鼻咽癌占30.76%。伴发肿瘤的相关因素包括炎性肌病的发病年龄〉40岁的男性患者,甲周红斑、GLB升高〉35g/l,而合并肺间质纤维化的炎性肌病患者较少合并恶性肿瘤。结论：皮肌炎及多发性肌炎常伴发恶性肿瘤,所伴发肿瘤的类型广泛,但以鼻咽癌常见。对出现甲周红斑等皮肤血管炎表现年龄大于40岁的的男性皮肌炎及多发性肌炎者尤其在发病1~2年内应警惕伴发恶性肿瘤。