前列腺特异抗原和经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨前列腺声像图特点、血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平在前列腺癌诊断中的价值.方法 分析47例经直肠超声引导系统6点加目的 性穿刺患者前列腺声像图特点及临床资料,其中前列腺癌组17例,前列腺增生组30例.结果 前列腺癌组与前列腺增生组异常血流信号发现率分别为88.2%、36.7%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组异常回声结节发生率和前列腺体积的差异无统计学意义(P >0.05).游离前列腺特导性抗原(FPSA )、前列腺特导性抗原密度(PSAD)、FPSA/总前列腺特异抗原(TPSA)对前列腺癌诊断的ROC曲线面积分别为0.692、0.739、0.214.以PSAD≥0.15 μg/ml·cm3诊断前列腺癌的阳性预测值为50%,敏感性为76.5%,特异性为56.7%.结论 异常血流分布较低回声结节更具有特征性的前列腺癌超声表现,其指导目的 性穿刺的准确率较高,PSAD是较TPSA及FPSA/TPSA更有价值的前列腺癌预测指标.     

Targeted prostate biopsy and MR-guided therapy for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer and second-leading cause of death in men. Many patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer undergo definitive treatment of the whole gland including radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and cryosurgery. Active surveillance is a growing alternative option for patients with documented low-volume, low-grade prostate cancer. With recent advances in software and hardware of MRI, multiparametric MRI of the prostate has been shown to improve the accuracy in detecting and characterizing clinically significant prostate cancer. Targeted biopsy is increasingly utilized to improve the yield of MR-detected, clinically significant prostate cancer and to decrease in detection of indolent prostate cancer. MR-guided targeted biopsy techniques include cognitive MR fusion TRUS biopsy, in-bore transrectal targeted biopsy using robotic transrectal device, and in-bore direct MR-guided transperineal biopsy with a software-based transperineal grid template. In addition, advances in MR compatible thermal ablation technology allow accurate focal or regional delivery of optimal thermal energy to the biopsy-proved, MRI-detected tumor, utilizing cryoablation, laser ablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation under MR guidance and real-time or near simultaneous monitoring of the ablation zone. Herein we present a contemporary review of MR-guided targeted biopsy techniques of MR-detected lesions as well as MR-guided focal or regional thermal ablative therapies for localized naïve and recurrent cancerous foci of the prostate.     

经尿道等离子双极电切术治疗前列腺增生

目的:探讨经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的安全性和疗效。方法:回顾分析经尿道等离子双极电切治疗前列腺增生60例临床资料。结果:手术时间30~100 min,切除前列腺重量30~90 g,术中出血少,无前列腺电切综合征,术后留置尿管时间4 d(3~7 d)。术后随访3~6个月,无尿失禁,最大尿流率由术前(5.7±3.3)mL/s升到术后(20.5±4.5)mL/s,国际前列腺症状评分由术前(23.8±1.2)分降到术后(7.8±0.5)分。结论:经尿道等离子体前列腺切除术具有安全性高、并发症少、术后恢复快等优点。     

Hereditary prostate cancer

Familial prostate cancer patients are sometimes encountered. Hereditary prostate cancer is a more specific form of familial prostate cancer that is inherited by a susceptibility gene consistent with Mendelian inheritance. Early age at onset is the most important characteristic. No clear differences in either stage, grade or prognosis have been found between hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer. No susceptibility genes have been isolated yet, but several genes may exist. In Japan, doctors are not generally aware of hereditary and familial prostate cancer. Family history is one of the most important risk factors of prostate cancer. We should make an effort to find prostate cancer patients at an early stage in the high risk families.     

经尿道前列腺电凝化切除术治疗良性前列腺增生症

目的总结和评估经尿道前列腺电凝化切除术（transurethral electroresection ＆ coagulation of prostate，TURCP）治疗前列腺增生症（BPH）的疗效。方法采用TURP和TURP以及自创的TURCP治疗BPH共45例。结果本组45例患者中，2例采用德国ERBE ICC 300高频发生器，切割和气化效果差。另43例采用美国威利Force2高频发生器，其中4例采用TURP，5例采用TURP，余34例采用TURCP。术中出血情况：TURP组180-260mL，平均210mL；TURP组150-200mL，平均180mL；TURCP组30-70mL，平均45mL。手术时间：TURP组60-110min，平均85min；TURP组40-80min，平均56min；TUKCP组20-40min，平均30min。冲洗液使用量：TURP组38000-52000mL，平均42000mL；TURP组34000-47000mL，平均39000InL；TURP组12000-19000mL，平均15000mL。手术均获成功。术中前列腺包膜穿孔3例，使用水平衡镜鞘1例术后出现前尿道狭窄，后尿道狭窄2例，术后再次出血1例。电切综合征（TURS）2例，无死亡病例，无尿失禁病例。结论TURCP治疗BPH创伤小、出血少、疗效好。     

Robotized prostate biopsy

Summary

The authors describe their experience about a robotic system designed to perform prostatic biopsies, locally and tele-controlled. The system employs an industrial robotic arm with four degrees of freedom made up of a biopty gun and 18 gauge biopty needle. An ultrasound scanner with a trans-rectal probe 7.5 MHz is necessary to localize the target area into the prostate. A telemetric system allows one to plot the position of the ultrasound probe by video cameras mounted on the robot support and three infrared lights mounted on an ultrasound probe and the coordinates (roll, pitch, yaw) are converted into robot coordinates from a computer controller. A tele control is possible too through a remote control station connected with the local station by an ISDN telephone line. Experimental tests proved a precision of 2 mm from the target point when the test has been executed in the predetermined working area. After the authorization of the Ethical Committee of the University of Milan, a clinical test has been performed in a man undergoing cistoprostatectomy because of bladder cancer. Two biopsies have been done on a 5 mm target area. No complication has been observed at the following cistoprostatectomy. The robotic prostate biopsy represents a good start point to improve the application of robotics in surgery and tele-surgery.     

Post-treatment prostate MRI

Abdominal Radiology - Accurate early detection of recurrent prostate cancer after surgical or nonsurgical treatment is increasingly relevant in the era of evolving options for salvage therapy. The...     

前列腺中央腺体偶发癌与中央腺体癌的MRS定量分析

目的：以三维质子磁共振波谱成像（MRS）的方法定量分析前列腺中央腺体偶发癌与中央腺体癌的代谢特征。方法：对7例前列腺中央腺体偶发癌和35例中央腺体癌患者做回顾性分析,比较两者（胆碱+肌酸）/枸橼酸盐（（Cho+Cre）/Cit,CC/C）值。结果：前列腺中央腺体偶发癌组的CC/C值平均为1.04±0.28,中央腺体癌组的CC/C值平均为2.24±1.28,两组之间差异有统计学意义（t=-4.973,P=0.000）。结论：前列腺中央腺体偶发癌与中央腺体癌代谢差异显著;MRS有助于中央腺体癌的诊断。     

大功率绿激光光选择汽化术治疗前列腺增生症(附72例报告)

目的 总结经尿道大功率绿激光光选择汽化术治疗前列腺增生的手术方法 、疗效和安全性.方法 2006年2月～2007年10月,72例前列腺增生患者接受了经尿道绿激光汽化术治疗.回顾性总结手术时间、治疗效果和主要并发症.结果 手术时间平均46mm,62例术后1 d拔除尿管,10例2 d拔除.70例拔除尿管后排尿明显改善,2例出现短暂的尿潴留.拔除尿管后少数病例可伴有轻度尿频、尿急、尿痛及肉眼血尿等症状.住院时间3～8d,平均4.6d.术后前列腺症状评分、生活质量评分、最大尿流尿,与术前比较明显改善.结论 经尿道绿激光汽化术治疗前列腺增生症疗效确切、安全可靠,可作为前列腺增生症的较理想的手术方法 ,并且更适用于高危患者的手术治疗.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging in normal prostate and differential diagnosis of prostate diseases

Background  During the past several years, the morbidities of prostate diseases have increased sharply all over the world. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an MR-based technique that probes the function of tissues. We attempt to investigate the diagnostic value of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in normal prostate gland and prostate diseases. Materials and methods  A total of 16 healthy volunteers, 9 prostate cysts, 29 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 21 prostatic carcinoma (Pca) underwent DWI, respectively. Their DWI and ADC characteristics were analyzed, and the diagnositic and differential diagnositic values of DWI and ADC were summarized. All of the BPH and Pca received a histological diagnosis. Results  In DWI, the signal intensity of BPH nodule was nonhomogeneous and lower than that of the peripheral zone (PZ). Pca showed high signal intensity while the prostate cyst showed low intensity. The mean ADCs for the normal central gland, PZ, prostate cyst, BPH nodules, and Pca foci were (1.352 ± 0.052) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, (1.829 ± 0.071) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, (2.557 ± 0.084) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, (1.576 ± 0.101) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, and (0.934 ± 0.166) × 10⁻³ mm²/s, respectively (P = 0.000). Conclusions  Diffusion-weighted imaging and ADCs for the normal central gland, PZ, prostate cyst, BPH nodules, and Pca demonstrate significant differences, and those can be used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the diseases of prostate.     

Dog prostate arginine esterase is related to human prostate specific antigen

We have analyzed prostatic proteins of canine and human seminal plasma. We have compared in particular the physicochemical characteristics of arginine esterase from dog to those of the prostatic specific antigen from man. Both are major secretory proteins in each species. Arginine esterase and prostate specific antigen are related enzymes belonging to the serine-protease class. Their enzymatic activity towards protein substrates appears similar. However their activity towards synthetic substrates indicate that arginine esterase is a trypsin-like enzyme whereas prostate specific antigen has some chymotrypsin-like activity. The canine enzyme is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride while the human one is not. The amino acid sequence of a portion of the NH2-terminal of the 2 proteins share 58% homology. Their molecular weights are similar: 29 KDa for arginine esterase and 34 KDa for prostate specific antigen. These results show that arginine esterase and prostate specific antigen are distinct but closely related proteins. These results strongly suggest that the dog could be an excellent model for the elucidation of the presently unknown role of this class of abundant enzymes of prostatic origin.     

经尿道前列腺气化电切术治疗前列腺增生

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺气化电切术(TUVP)治疗高危前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 术前进行病情及手术危险性评估,对酉阳县人民医院2006年12月至2010年11月30例高危前列腺增生患者行TUVP.结果 全部患者均安全度过围手术期.随访时间3个月,30例患者排尿功能恢复良好,无再次排尿困难,术后3个月剩余尿量(PVR)、前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高危BPH患者,只要加强围手术期的处理,手术治疗是可行的.特别是TUVP对患者损伤小、恢复快、出血少,疗效确切,尤其对高危患者安全性高,具有良好的应用前景.     

前列腺特异抗原在良性前列腺增生症选择药物治疗中的作用——附262例报告

１ 引 言 良性前列腺增生症为老年人常见病。以排尿困难、尿频、尿急为主要症状。我科对２６２例良性前列腺增生症病人应用α１受体阻滞药及５α－睾酮还原酶抑制药进行治疗。并观察疗效和前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）值的关系,现报告如下。２临床资料２．１一般资料 本组良性前列腺增生症病人２６２例,为我科１９９８年７月至２０００年１月住院及门诊病人。年龄５６岁至７８岁,中位年龄６３岁。随机分成两组：坦洛新（ｔａｍｓｕｌｏｓｉｎ）组１５６例,年龄５７岁至７８岁,中位年龄６０岁,病程３年至５年;非那雄胺组１０６例,年龄５…     

前列腺特异性膜抗原显像用于前列腺癌研究进展

前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)于多数前列腺癌细胞及肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞内呈高表达，而PSMA显像为前列腺癌研究领域的热门方向。本文就PSMA显像用于前列腺癌进展进行综述。     

经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗前列腺增生

目的初步总结经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗前列腺增生(BPH)的临床体会。方法回顾性分析经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗BPH56例的临床资料。结果术中出血少,无前列腺电切综合征(TURS)。术后随访1～12个月,术前国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及剩余尿(PVR)分别为(26.3±3.1)分、(5.3±0.4)分、(8.2±2.3)mL/s及(165±35)mL,术后分别为(8.5±0.6)分、(1.5±0.2)分、(18.5±2.5)mL/s及(10±2)mL,无尿失禁。结论经尿道等离子体双极电切术治疗BPH具有安全性高、并发症少、疗效好、易于掌握推广的优点。     

经尿道电汽术治疗晚期前列腺癌（附43例报告）

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺电汽术（TVP）治疗晚期前列腺癌所致尿道梗阻的效果。方法：对43例晚期前列腺癌病人行经尿道前列腺电汽术（TVP）及去势术治疗。结果：切除前列腺组织15—42g，平均22．3g，同际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）由术前平均24．3分降至术后平均9．1分（P〈0．01，最大尿流率（MFR）由术前平均5．2mL／s升至术后平均14．4mL／s（P〈0．01），剩余尿由术前平均171mL降至术后平均37mL，生活质量评估（L）由术前平均4．9分降至术后平均1．8分。术后38例平均随访2．5年，4例癌性死亡。结论：TVP可有效减轻临床症状，提高生活质量。