磁场生物效应的研究现状与展望

电磁辐射对人类健康可能的影响日益引起人们的关注,电磁场的生物学效应得到全世界的广泛研究.研究的目的不同,采用的实验手段不同,得到的结论也各有侧重.文中着重介绍了磁场在神经系统、离子通道电特性、血液循环和促骨再生等方面的生物效应的研究现状,并指出在磁场对细胞的作用机制上尚不完全明确,成为研究的热点.目的:提出了磁场生物效应研究的必要性和膜片钳应用于磁场生物效应研究的可行性.方法:阅读大量的国内外相关文献,并做相应的总结分析.结果:总结了磁场生物效应的机理和近年来研究现状,并提出了前景展望.结论:磁场生物效应研究虽然很多,但结果并不完全一致.膜片钳技术已成为细胞电生理研究的有利手段,将其应用于磁场对细胞的作用和影响,将可能会提供更全面、更准确的实验数据.     

部分纳米材料的纳米生物学效应研究

本文总结了近年来在纳米材料的生物(毒理)学效应研究方面的进展。在简述纳米结构和纳米尺寸下物质的特殊性质以及它们与生物体系相互作用可能产生的影响以后,将主要集中讨论部分纳米物质在生物整体水平、细胞水平上所产生的纳米生物(毒理)学效应。最后将介绍纳米生物学效应的正向利用和纳米毒性的消除等方面的一些研究结果。同时针对纳米生物(毒理)学效应这个新的交叉领域的一些前沿研究方向,进行初步探讨。     

从电磁学观点探讨生命现象

目前在国际上开始重视生物机体的物理调节。本文从生物分子水平、细胞水平和器官水平介绍了生物体中存在着不同层次的电磁场，介绍了自然界电磁场和各种电磁波治疗仪的医学生物学效应以及弱电磁场引起生物效应的可能机制和有关理论。最后从电磁学观点对某些气功现象进行了分析。     

8—11 关于生物磁学中的几个问题

生物磁学(biomagetism)在我国是一门古老而又年轻的学科。生物磁学的许多新现象应用不断涌现,新的问题尚待研究解决。本文根据大量的追踪材料,谈谈对生物磁学的研究内容,生物磁学与磁场生物效应,磁疗的定义,剂量、安全标准等问题的认识,简单介绍我国生物磁学的研究情况,展望生物磁学的广阔前景。生物磁学的研究内容:其主要内容包括:①生物磁性与生物磁场,有时合称为生物磁现象。②磁场对于人体和生物的影响,称之为磁场的生物学效应,有时又称为磁生物学。③生物磁技术和生物磁工程,就是把生物磁技术或磁方法应用于生物学研究或生物工程器械中。④应用生物磁学,即生物磁学在工业、农业、畜牧业、环境卫生及医学上     

蛋白组学方法应用于生物医用材料生物学评价

生物医用材料作为一种主要的非药效治疗途径已在临床中得到广泛运用,其功能优化和安全性评价成为目前主要研究内容.现有的动物实验和细胞水平的研究在揭示材料与机体相互作用和生物相容性机制方面还需进一步深入.蛋白质组学作为后基因组时代的代表性方法,已应用于诸多疾病标记物、药物作用和生理功能整体水平的研究中.生物医用材料需求量的日益增长令其生物学效应评估效率和可靠性的要求也不断提高.运用蛋白质组学的策略对生物医用材料的生物学效应进行研究,从分子层面分析材料与生物体相互作用,并能在整体水平上反应响应蛋白质的动态变化,是进一步探索生物医用材料改进方向的有效手段.概述了近年来运用蛋白质组学技术对生物医用材料生物相容性所做的一些代表性研究,并针对其在口腔植入材料的生物学效应研究的应用进行了简要分析,指出了先进生物技术与医用材料发展需求结合的重要性.     

蛋白组学方法应用于生物医用材料生物学评价

生物医用材料作为一种主要的非药效治疗途径已在临床中得到广泛运用,其功能优化和安全性评价成为目前主要研究内容.现有的动物实验和细胞水平的研究在揭示材料与机体相互作用和生物相容性机制方面还需进一步深入.蛋白质组学作为后基因组时代的代表性方法,已应用于诸多疾病标记物、药物作用和生理功能整体水平的研究中.生物医用材料需求量的日益增长令其生物学效应评估效率和可靠性的要求也不断提高.运用蛋白质组学的策略对生物医用材料的生物学效应进行研究,从分子层面分析材料与生物体相互作用,并能在整体水平上反应响应蛋白质的动态变化,是进一步探索生物医用材料改进方向的有效手段.概述了近年来运用蛋白质组学技术对生物医用材料生物相容性所做的一些代表性研究,并针对其在口腔植入材料的生物学效应研究的应用进行了简要分析,指出了先进生物技术与医用材料发展需求结合的重要性.     

极低频磁场对细胞的生物效应及机制启示

研究极低频磁场对细胞产生的生物效应及作用机制.从细胞DNA损伤、细胞增殖分化及凋亡、细胞内自由基和酶三个方面综述了极低频磁场的生物效应,从而讨论其作用机制.在细胞DNA损伤方面,极低频磁场可能造成DNA分子链断裂;在细胞增殖分化及凋亡方面,极低频磁场可以诱导一些干细胞的增殖和分化,但是对一些癌细胞却有诱导凋亡的作用;在细胞内自由基和酶方面,极低频磁场可以提高细胞内自由基浓度,影响酶的活性.极低频磁场作用于细胞所产生的生物效应与磁场频率、强度和暴磁时间及细胞类型有着复杂的关系,在磁场频率和强度上具有"窗口效应".并且在三个方面的研究中均存在自由基浓度和酶活性的改变,在研究磁场作用机制方面,推断磁场可能是通过提高自由基浓度和改变酶活性来产生作用的,即氧化应激效应,从而产生细胞的各种生物效应.     

强磁场对血液流动影响的研究

引言许多学者研究过磁埸的生物效应,而大多数研究是在近几十年进行的。这事实暗示“静止磁埸的生物效应肯定不惊人,而且有点难以捉摸。”因此只有在强磁埸的作用下,才能在生物体内观察到确定的生物磁效应。但强磁埸对动物血流动力学的影响这方面的资料很少。     

对生物组织及肿瘤细胞电效应的实验研究

用脉冲电流、直流电及直流电结合脉冲电流的方法,在心脏的绝对不应期对生物组织和肿瘤细胞通电,研究其电效应。实验结果表明,采用10v以上脉冲电流和采用3.8v直流电结合脉冲电流,与等电压的直流电对肿瘤和生物组织具有相同的电效应。     

具有生长和衰老机制的生物神经网络的兴奋特性研究

在具有侧向抑制机制的小世界人工生物神经网络中,对神经元的放电特性引入增长和衰老机制,构建具有模仿实际生物神经网络生长和衰老功能的网络模型。为了研究该网络模型表现出来的发放电的特性与实际生物神经网络行为之间的一些关系,本研究数值仿真分析了该网络模型在不同噪声强度和不同耦合强度下的兴奋特性,发现模拟结果与实际生物神经网络在神经细胞处于生长发育或衰老时,对外界刺激所表现出的兴奋效应及其饱和效应有一定程度上的相似性,研究结果对探索实际生物神经网络的兴奋特性和放电节律具有较好的参考价值。     

生物电磁学的热点问题研究

随着对电磁场（ＥＭＦ）暴露会引起各种健康问题担扰的增加,以及遭受人为的ＥＭＦ暴露的增加,有关低强度ＥＭＦ的生物学效应及其机制的研究成为生物电磁学领域的主要课题。其中极低频（ＥＬＦ）ＥＭＦ和移动电话所产生的射频ＥＭＦ带来的潜在影响正在引起公共和职业卫生...     

静态和极低频电磁场非热生物效应的研究动态

人为电磁场对人类健康可能的影响尤其是电磁辐射与肿瘤发生的关系,日益引起人们的关注,电磁场的生物学效应得到全世界的广泛研究。我们着重介绍近5年来关于静态磁场和极低频电磁场生物效应的研究进展,包括信号转导、基因表达、染色体畸变、基因突变等细胞学和分子水平研究,以及致癌风险和健康危害评价等内容,并对该领域的未来研究进行了探讨。     

Effects of electromagnetic fields on cells: physiological and therapeutical approaches and molecular mechanisms of interaction. A review

This review concentrates on findings described in the recent literature on the response of cells and tissues to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Models of the causal interaction between different forms of EMF and ions or biomolecules of the cell will be presented together with our own results in cell surface recognition. Naturally occurring electric fields are not only important for cell-surface interactions but are also pivotal for the normal development of the organism and its physiological functions. A further goal of this review is to bridge the gap between recent cell biological studies (which, indeed, show new data of EMF actions) and aspects of EMF-based therapy, e.g., in wounds and bone fractures.     

Reproductive and developmental effects of EMF in vertebrate animal models

This paper reviews the literature data on the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF), in the reproductive organs as well as in prenatal and postnatal development of vertebrate animals. Review articles which have been published till 2001, regarding the reproductive and developmental effects of the entire range of frequency of electromagnetic fields, were surveyed. Experimental studies which were published from 2001 onwards were summarized. Special focus on the effects of radiofrequencies related to mobile communication in the above mentioned topics has been made. According to the majority of the investigations, no strong effects resulted regarding the exposure to EMF of mobile telephony in the animal reproduction and development. However further research should be done in order to clarify many unknown aspects of the impact of EMF in the living organisms.     

电磁波对细胞内外离子浓度影响的基本理论

磁波生物学非热效应的一个代表性事例是对离子 ,比如Ca2 穿越细胞膜的影响 ,从而导致细胞内外离子浓度比值发生变化。阐述电磁波对细胞离子浓度影响这一生物学非热效应的基本理论 ,以此为电磁波生物学非热效应机理研究提供理论基础。该基本理论基于两个角度 :一是物理学角度 ,即视生物组织和细胞膜为一般的电磁媒质 ,由物理学角度分析可看出 ,一定参数的电磁波可使细胞内外二价离子浓度的比值发生 10 -6量级的变化 ,这相当于正常细胞内外钙离子浓度在固有比值 10 -4 的基础上发生了 1%的变化 ,与细胞产生动作电位时需要细胞内外电荷密度的比值在固有的 10 -4 基础上发生 1%的变化比较 ,可知基于物理学角度 ,电磁波在引起生物学非热效应方面是有意义的 ;二是生物学角度 ,即视生物组织和细胞膜为特殊的生命物质 ,由生物学角度分析可看出 ,一定参数的电磁波可导致在 1秒钟内有 10 6量级的二价离子穿过细胞膜 ,与用趋化 (趋药 )性试验证明了的要使白细胞的生活状态发生有意义变化需要额外有 10 3 量级的分子通过细胞膜比较 ,可知基于生物学角度 ,电磁波在引起生物学非热效应方面也是有意义的 ,因为无论是细胞内外离子浓度的变化 ,还是电荷穿越细胞膜迁移所携带的信息都会改变细胞自身的生理和生化状态。     

Is the brain influenced by a phone call? An EEG study of resting wakefulness

We recorded the resting electroencephalogram of 20 healthy subjects in order to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on EEG waking activity and its temporal development. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups and exposed, in double-blind conditions, to a typical mobile phone signal (902.40 MHz, modulated at 217 Hz, with an average power of 0.25 W) before or during the EEG recording session. The results show that, under real exposure as compared to baseline and sham conditions, EEG spectral power was influenced in some bins of the alpha band. This effect was greater when the EMF was on during the EEG recording session than before it. The present data lend further support to the idea that pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields can affect normal brain functioning, also if no conclusions can be drawn about the possible health effects.     

A 50-Hz electromagnetic field impairs sleep

In view of reports of health problems induced by low frequency (50-60 Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMF), we carried out a study in 18 healthy subjects, comparing sleep with and without exposure to a 50 Hz/1 mu Tesla electrical field. We found that the EMF condition was associated with reduced: total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, stages 3 + 4 slow wave sleep (SWS), and slow wave activity (SWA). Circulating melatonin, growth hormone, prolactin, testosterone or cortisol were not affected. The results suggest that commonly occurring low frequency electromagnetic fields may interfere with sleep.     

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields differentially regulate estrogen receptor-α and -β expression in the rat olfactory bulb

Recently, the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF) on biological systems have been extensively investigated. In this report, the influence of ELF EMF on olfactory bulb (OB) estrogen receptor-α (ERα) mRNA and -β (ERβ) mRNA expression was studied by RT-PCR in adult female and male rats. Results reveal for the first time that ELF EMF exerted a biphasic effect on female OB ERβ mRNA gene expression, which increased during diestrous and decreased during estrous. We did not observe any influence of ELF EMF on female OB ERα mRNA expression. Our data demonstrate a fluctuating pattern of ER-α and -β mRNA expression in the female OB throughout the phases of the estrous cycle in non-ELF EMF-exposed animals. Thus the highest ERα expression was observed in diestrous and the lowest in proestrous. The pattern of ERβ mRNA was less variable, the lowest expression was observed in diestrous. ER-α mRNA and -β mRNA expression level in the male OB did not exhibit any variation either in ELF EMF-exposed or non-ELF EMF-exposed animals. In summary, ELF EMF modulate ERβ gene expression in the OB of female adult rats but not in males.     

Electromagnetic fields promote severe and unique vascular calcification in an animal model of ectopic calcification

BackgroundThe effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on cardiovascular calcification is unknown. We sought to evaluate the effects of EMF on vascular calcification in normal rats and in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) – a condition which promotes calcification.MethodsWe used four groups of rats: group 1 – exposed to EMF, group 2 – not exposed to EMF, group 3 – rats with CKD exposed to EMF, group 4 – rats with CKD not exposed to EMF. In order to induce CKD, groups 3 and 4 rats were fed with a uremia-inducing diet. Groups 1 and 3 rats were continuously exposed to EMF using a system similar to an electrical transformer, which consists of a primary coil, a ferrite ring, and a secondary coil. The system transmitter emitted a series of exponentially decaying electromagnetic sine waves (continuous exposure with pulsed peaks) in randomly selected frequencies between 150 and 155 kHz, with random exposure intensities between 4 and 7 mG. Clinical investigations included multislice computed tomography of the aortic roots. Pathological examinations of the aortas included histological characterization, and antigen expression analyses.ResultsNo calcification was found in either group of rats with normal kidney function. Aortic root calcification was significantly higher in rats exposed to EMF (group 3) compared with group 4 rats – with a mean Agatston score of 138±25 vs. 80±20 respectively (p < 0.05). Pathological examination showed massive aortic calcification in group 3 rats. The calcification pattern was unique as it formed circular rings along the length of the aortic media.Although increased calcification was noticed in group 3 rats, antigen expression of osteoblast markers was significantly decreased in group 3 compared with group 4.ConclusionsEMF exposure may have potential harmful effects on the cardiovascular system, as it promotes severe vascular calcification in CKD miliue.     

Electromagnetic field and brain development

Rapid advances in technology involve increased exposures to radio-frequency/microwave radiation from mobile phones and other wireless transmitting devices. As cell phones are held close to the head during talking and often stored next to the reproductive organs, studies are mostly focused on the brain. In fact, more research is especially needed to investigate electromagnetic field (EMF)’s effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Several studies clearly demonstrate that EMF emitted by cell phones could affect a range of body systems and functions. Recent work has demonstrated that EMF inhibit the formation and differentiation of neural stem cells during embryonic development and also affect reproductive and neurological health of adults that have undergone prenatal exposure. The aim of this review is to discuss the developing CNS and explain potential impacts of EMF on this system.