Sleep Problems and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Health in Men with Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies

More knowledge is needed about men with sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA). We present self-reported data from 53 men with SCA (M_age = 36.8 years, SD = 12.3, range 19–67). The Health Survey–Short Form (SF-36) measured eight health domains (physical functioning, role-physical, role-emotional, vitality, emotional health, social functioning, pain, general health). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measured sleep problems. The Personal Wellbeing Index measured satisfaction with eight life domains. Compared to norms, SCA reported poorer health (mean d = ?0.80) and more sleep problems (mean d = ?0.85). Differences between SCA and norms on personal well-being were small, except lower health satisfaction in SCA (d = ?1.06). Seven of eight regression models predicting the SF-36 domains from life satisfaction and sleep problems were significant (explained variance 12.2% to 46.2%), except physical functioning (ns). Clinical assessment/intervention for a broad range of health and sleep problems is indicated for men with SCA.     

Quality of life in men with Klinefelter syndrome: the impact of genotype,health, socioeconomics,and sexual function

PurposeKlinefelter syndrome (KS) is associated with lower socioeconomic status and greater morbidity. However, relatively little is known about the quality of life for men with KS, or how KS and other factors combine to determine it.MethodsA total of 132 men with KS were recruited in clinics, and 313 matched controls were identified by Statistics Denmark. Demographics, socioeconomic status, health problems and behaviors, sexual function, medical follow-up, and mental and physical quality of life (MQoL and PQoL, respectively) were assessed for all participants through surveys.ResultsMen with KS reported significantly lower education attainment levels, income, physical activity, and both PQoL and MQoL, as well as more illness, medication, and sexual dysfunction. KS status was associated directly with lower PQoL, as well as indirectly through reduced income, physical activity, and sexual function, and increased body mass index. KS status and younger age were associated directly with lower MQoL, as well as indirectly through reduced income, physical activity, and partner status (for KS status), or through partner status (for age).ConclusionKS status is associated with lower PQoL and MQoL through both direct and indirect paths. These results suggest the need for more comprehensive research and clinical approaches to addressing quality of life for men with KS.     

The relationship between measures of psychopathology, intelligence, and memory among adults seen for psychoeducational assessment.

This study assessed the relationship between symptoms of psychopathology and cognitive functioning in clients completing comprehensive psychoeducational assessments at a university-based outpatient mental health clinic. Seventy clients (36 women, 34 men, mean age=28.8) completed the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Second Edition (MMPI-2). Partial correlations between the MMPI-2 clinical scales, WMS-III Index scores, WAIS-III Index scores, and WAIS-III IQ scores were not significant. Memory and Intelligence scores for clients with comorbid symptoms of depression and anxiety were comparable to scores for clients without comorbid symptomatology. Psychopathology factors accounted for 22% of the variance in the WAIS-III Full Scale IQ and 6.5% of the variance in the WMS-III General Memory Index. The results suggest that psychopathology as measured by the MMPI-2 may be minimally associated with intelligence and memory test performance in adults seen for psychoeducational assessment.     

Sleepless night, the moon is bright: longitudinal study of lunar phase and sleep

Popular belief holds that the lunar cycle affects human physiology, behaviour and health. We examined the influence of moon phase on sleep duration in a secondary analysis of a feasibility study of mobile telephone base stations and sleep quality. We studied 31 volunteers (18 women and 13 men, mean age 50 years) from a suburban area of Switzerland longitudinally over 6 weeks, including two full moons. Subjective sleep duration was calculated from sleep diary data. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression models with random effects. Mean sleep duration was 6 h 49 min. Subjective sleep duration varied with the lunar cycle, from 6 h 41 min at full moon to 7 h 00 min at new moon (P < 0.001). Average sleep duration was shortened by 68 min during the week compared with weekends (P < 0.001). Men slept 17 min longer than women (P < 0.001) and sleep duration decreased with age (P < 0.001). There was also evidence that rating of fatigue in the morning was associated with moon phase, with more tiredness (P = 0.027) at full moon. The study was designed for other purposes and the association between lunar cycle and sleep duration will need to be confirmed in further studies.     

Self-reported sleep duration as a predictor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study, Japan

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have shown that habitual sleeping patterns are associated with all-cause mortality risk. However, sleep duration may be affected by physical, mental, or social conditions, and its impact on health may differ depending on the time or place. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of sleep duration on all-cause mortality after adjusting for several covariates, mental condition in particular. METHODS: A total of 104,010 subjects (43,852 men and 60,158 women), aged 40 to 79 years, who enrolled in the JACC Study (Japan Collaborative Cohort Study on Evaluation of Cancer Risk Sponsored by Monbusho) from 1988 to 1990 and were followed for an average of 9.9 years. Average sleep duration on weekdays and covariates, including perceived mental stress and depressive symptoms, were used in the analyses. Relative risks were calculated by Cox's proportional hazard model separately by sex. RESULTS: Men tended to sleep longer than women, and the elderly slept longer than younger subjects. Mean sleep duration was 7.5 hours for men and 7.1 hours for women; mode durations were 8 hours (range, 7.5-8.4 hours) and 7 hours (6.5-7.4), respectively. Sleep duration of shorter or longer than 7 hours was associated with a significantly elevated risk of all-cause mortality. However, the significant association with short sleep disappears when adjusted for some covariates among men. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration at night of 7 hours was found to show the lowest mortality risk.     

Financial strain is a significant correlate of sleep continuity disturbances in late-life

Although psychological stress has been associated with disturbed sleep in younger populations, little is known about the stress-sleep relationship in late-life. In the present study, we evaluated relationships among a chronic stressor, ongoing financial strain, and sleep in a heterogenous sample (n=75) of community-dwelling elders (mean age=74.0 years). Self-report measures included ongoing financial strain, mental health, physical health and subjective sleep quality. Sleep duration, continuity, and architecture were measured by polysomnography (PSG). Analysis of variance and regression were used to test the hypothesis that ongoing financial strain is a significant correlate of disturbed sleep in the elderly. Covariates included age, sex, mental health and physical health. Analyses revealed that ongoing financial strain is a significant correlate of PSG-assessed sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency. After adjusting for the effects of age, sex, mental health, and physical health on sleep, ongoing financial strain was associated with lower sleep efficiency (p<.01). Our results show that chronic stress, as measured by ongoing financial strain, is a significant correlate of sleep disturbances in the elderly, even after adjusting for factors known to impact sleep in late-life.     

High prevalence of cardiometabolic risk features in adolescents with 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) occurs in 1:600 males and is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Up to 50% of men with KS have metabolic syndrome, a cluster of features conferring increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These cardiometabolic (CM) risk features have not been studied in adolescents with KS. The objective of this cohort study was to compare CM risk features in adolescents with KS to controls matched for sex, age, and BMI z score. Fifty males with KS (age 10–17 years) were well‐matched to male controls (n = 50) for age (14.0 ± 1.7 vs. 14.0 ± 1.5 years) and BMI z score (0.3 ± 1.3 vs. 0.4 ± 1.2). Three CM risk features were present in 30% of adolescents with KS compared to 12% of controls (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.9, p = .048). The KS group had significantly lower HDL cholesterol (p = .006), higher triglycerides (p < .001), and greater waist circumference percentile (p < .001). Despite a normal BMI, the prevalence of CM risk features was very high in adolescents with KS, particularly for central adiposity and dyslipidemia. The pathophysiology of this metabolic profile independent of obesity needs further investigation to facilitate prevention of the high morbidity of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in this population. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01585831 and NCT02723305.     

The association between melatonin and sleep stages in normal adults and hypogonadal men

The role of melatonin in normal sleep-wake regulation has been inferred from the temporal relationships between its cycle and the 24 h cycle in sleep propensity. Pharmacological doses of melatonin were reported to have sleep-inducing effects in insomniacs. The current study investigated the relationship between melatonin and sleep stages in groups of hypogonadal men with abnormal melatonin levels. We were also interested in examining what would happen to these relationships during testosterone replacement therapy. Male patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IGD, n = 6), constitutional delayed puberty (DP, n = 6), and Klinefelter's syndrome (KS, n = 5) before and during testosterone replacement therapy were studied. Six patients with KS and normal testosterone levels were also studied. Results were compared with those obtained in normal controls (n = 6). Serum samples were obtained at 15 min intervals from 1900-0700h in a controlled light-dark environment with simultaneous polysomnographic sleep recordings. Serum melatonin levels were the highest in IGD and DP and lowest in KS patients. A lower percentage of sleep stage 2 and higher percentage of stage 3/4 were observed in IGD and DP groups while KS patients had higher percentage of stage 2 and lower percentage of stage 3/4 as compared to controls. Slow wave sleep was the highest in IGD and the lowest in KS groups. Serum melatonin levels were lowest in KS groups. Serum melatonin levels were lowest in sleep stage 3/4, higher in stage 2 and highest in REM sleep when all groups were combined and averaged together. However, in the IGD group, melatonin levels were actually lowest in REM sleep. Also in the KS group, melatonin levels were lower in REM than during sleep stage 2. Serum melatonin levels were lowest in sleep stage 3/4 in all groups, higher in stage 2, and highest in REM sleep. During waking periods, melatonin levels were the highest in untreated IGD, DP and KS patients. Testosterone treatment given to these patients, although normalized, their melatonin levels did not statistically significantly change these correlations. These data demonstrate that relative melatonin concentrations are associated with sleep stages in hypogonadal and normal men. The results also indicate that the association between melatonin and the reproductive hormones are independent of the synchronizing effects of melatonin on sleep homeostasis.     

Nocturnal Blood Pressure Non-Dipping,Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,and Sleep Quality in Women

Women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have poor sleep quality and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Non-dipping of nocturnal blood pressure may be an explanatory factor for the relationship between sleep and CVD found in previous research. The current study was designed to determine if non-dipping nocturnal blood pressure was associated with trauma exposure, PTSD diagnosis, PTSD symptoms, and sleep quality in a sample of women. Participants completed 24 hours of ABPM and self-report questionnaires. Non-dipping was defined as less than 10% reduction in blood pressure during sleep. The frequency of non-dippers did not differ by diagnostic status (d = .15). However, non-dippers endorsed more traumatic event categories (d = .53), more PTSD hyperarousal symptoms (d = .53), poorer overall sleep quality (d = .59), more frequent use of sleep medication (d = .62), greater sleep-related daytime dysfunction (d = .58), and longer sleep onset latencies (d = .55) than dippers. Increased attention to nocturnal blood pressure variation may be needed to improve blood pressure control in trauma-exposed women.     

Fragmentary myoclonus in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder

Fragmentary myoclonus is a result of muscle activity consisting of brief potentials in surface electromyography during polysomnography. Excessive fragmentary myoclonus is defined by increased intensity of the potentials. A few studies report excessive fragmentary myoclonus occurrence in neurodegenerative diseases. Because idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is considered as an early stage of neurodegeneration with involvement of the brainstem, we charted the prevalence and quantified the intensity of excessive fragmentary myoclonus in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Twenty‐nine patients (one woman, 28 men, mean age 68 years, SD 6.2) and 29 controls (two women, 27 men, mean age 65.6 years, SD 8.6) underwent polysomnography. Fragmentary myoclonus potentials were identified and counted according to internationally used criteria. Fragmentary myoclonus intensity was quantified by the fragmentary myoclonus index. Excessive fragmentary myoclonus was diagnosed in 75.9% (22 subjects) in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, while in 34.5% (10 subjects) among the controls (p = 0.003). Quantitative analysis showed a wide‐range fragmentary myoclonus index in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (4.0–632.4; median 60.7) and in the controls (0.8–938.1; median 34.3). The overall difference in fragmentary myoclonus index was not significant between the groups; however, patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder showed trends for higher fragmentary myoclonus index scores in wakefulness (p = 0.027), N1 (p = 0.032), N3 (p = 0.046) and R (p = 0.007). Fragmentary myoclonus index does not correlate with age, idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder duration or R stage atonia deficiency. The prevalence of excessive fragmentary myoclonus is higher in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder compared with the controls, so fragmentary myoclonus should be taken into account in future research of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and motor control in sleep.     

Stability of Executive Function Deficits in Girls with ADHD: A Prospective Longitudinal Followup Study into Adolescence

Neuropsychological deficits in the executive system are major sources of morbidity in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a 5-year longitudinal study of girls with (N = 140) and without (N = 122) ADHD, aged 6–18 years at baseline. Neuropsychological functioning was assessed using standard neuropsychological testing assessing executive functions (EFs). Girls with ADHD were significantly more impaired than controls in all neuropsychological domains except set shifting. Despite variability in the stability of individual domains of EFs, the majority (79%) of girls with ADHD that met the categorical definition of executive function deficits (EFDs, defined as two or more EF tasks impaired) at baseline continued to have EFDs at the five-year followup. These findings document the stability of EFDs in girls with ADHD from childhood into adolescence.     

Academic achievement over a decade: A neuropsychological prediction study

The effectiveness of neuropsychological test performance during early elementary school in predicting subsequent academic achievement through high school was evaluated. Previously (Townes, Trupin, Martin, & Goldstein, 1980), a normal, nonreferred sample of kindergarten (N = 230) and second‐grade children (N = 226) had been tested individually using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the Reitan‐Indiana Neuropsychological Test Battery. Predictor variables were derived from these neuropsychological and intelligence tests. Ten years later, permission was obtained to examine the school records of 215 of the original subjects and to review standardized achievement tests that had been administered when the subjects were in Grades 3, 4,6, and 9. Criterion variables were derived from students' standardized achievement test scores in reading, mathematics, spelling, written language, and overall achievement Multivariate and univariate regression analyses were performed to determine the relation between the earlier IQ and neuropsychological predictors and academic achievement in several skill domains over the subsequent 10‐year period. In general, the neuropsychological and IQ variables were comparable predictors and in many cases the neuropsychological variables significantly improved the prediction over IQ alone.     

Is there an influence of X‐chromosomal imprinting on the phenotype in Klinefelter syndrome? A clinical and molecular genetic study of 61 cases

Studies on Turner syndrome suggested the presence of X‐chromosomal‐imprinted genes involved in social and verbal cognition. Imprinted genes on autosomes were shown to affect growth. Could imprinting of such genes on the X chromosome also influence psychomotor development and growth in men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS), who have a supernumerary X? We recorded anthropometric and psychomotor development parameters for 61 males with KS (age range 2–56 years). In 54 cases, we were able to assess intelligence quotient (IQ) and found that impaired speech – and motor developmental problems were reported significantly more often in the paternal X – than in the maternal X group (P = 0.02). We found some significant (P < 0.05) increased body size parameters in the paternal X group, which concurs with data reporting a growth promoting influence of paternally derived genes. Our results suggest X‐chromosomal imprinting occurs in males with KS.     

Associations between sleep disturbances,mental health outcomes and burnout in firefighters,and the mediating role of sleep during overnight work: A cross‐sectional study

This study investigated whether sleep disorder risk and mental health outcomes in firefighters were associated with burnout, particularly emotional exhaustion, and examined the mediating role of sleep at work in these relationships. A secondary aim was to investigate associations between habitual sleep characteristics and burnout. North American firefighters (n = 6,307) completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment), and were screened for sleep disorders and self‐reported current mental health conditions and sleep characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined associations between sleep, mental health outcomes and burnout. Firefighters screening positive for a sleep disorder, particularly insomnia, had increased risk of emotional exhaustion (adjusted odds ratio 3.78, 95% confidence interval 2.97–4.79). Firefighters self‐reporting a current mental health condition were at greater risk of emotional exhaustion (adjusted odds ratio 3.45, 95% confidence interval 2.79–4.27). Sleep during overnight work mediated the impact of having a sleep disorder and mental health condition on high burnout. Sleepiness and sleep deficit (difference between required and actual sleep), even in firefighters without sleep disorder risk, were associated with depersonalisation (adjusted odds ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.34–2.03 and adjusted odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.57, respectively) and low personal accomplishment (adjusted odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.47 and adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.35, respectively). Sleep and mental health problems were associated with increased risk of burnout in firefighters, and sleep during overnight work mediated these relationships. The results suggest the need to examine the effectiveness of occupational interventions that improve the opportunity for sleep, together with screening for and treating sleep disorders, to reduce burnout risk.     

Association Between Health-Related Quality of Life,Obesity, Fitness,and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: The Cuenca Adult Study

Objective: The objectives of this study were to examine in university students: (a) the mean differences in the HRQoL among fat mass percentage, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep quality categories; and (b) the independent associations among fat mass percentage, CRF, and sleep quality with HRQoL. Participants: 376 students, 18–30 years old, from the University of Castilla–La Mancha in Cuenca, Spain (during 2009–2010). Method: Cross-sectional study measuring % fat mass (DXA), CRF (20-m shuttle run test), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and HRQoL (SF-12 questionnaire). Results: The mean in Mental Component Summary (MCS) in men (p = .029) was lower in students in upper quartiles of % fat mass than in peers in other categories of % fat mass. Among men, MCS was significantly lower among those in the lowest quartile of CRF (p = .015), and among women, Physical Component Summary (PCS) was significantly lower among those in the lowest quartile of CRF (p = .047). MCS dimension of the HRQoL was lower in both men (p = .001) and women (p < .001) in upper quartiles of sleep quality. Multiple linear regression models showed that in men, CRF was associated with MCS (β = 0.25, p = .031), and sleep quality was associated with PCS (β = –0.24, p = .027) and MCS (β = –0.38, p < .001). In women, CRF was associated with PCS (β = 0.17, p = .018) and sleep quality with MCS (β= –0.44, p < .001). Conclusions: Finally, our findings suggest that, regardless of adiposity and fitness, having good sleep habits may positively influence the quality of life in young adults.     

Mental distress and sexual harassment in Italian university students

Only a few studies have analyzed the association between sexual harassment (SH) and mental health controlling for other types of violence. The aim of this study was to describe SH among male and female university students and analyze the association between harassment and mental distress controlling for sexual violence. An observational survey was conducted at Trieste University (Italy). Students answered an anonymous questionnaire about harassment that included three domains—sexual harassment, gender harassment, cyber harassment—and three psychological health indicators. The global harassment index was computed, with three levels: 0, no harassment; level 1, harassment in at least one of the three domains; and level 2, harassment in two or three domains. The symptoms of mental distress were measured by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) for depressive symptoms; a question about panic symptoms; and a question about general health. The sample included 759 students (412 women; 18 to 29 years old). After adjustment for age, birth country, couple relationship, employment status, mother’s education, and previous sexual violence, the risk of mental distress was increased with harassment exposure. Men were affected in perceived health and depressive symptoms (GHQ score ≥ 6); women were affected in panic symptoms. Harassment has a strong negative impact on the mental health of victims; in some cases, men may be more affected than women. Clinicians should be aware of the negative impact of SH also on men.

     

The effect of sleep continuity disruption on multimodal emotion processing and regulation: a laboratory-based,randomised, controlled experiment in good sleepers

Previous research shows that experimental sleep deprivation alters emotion processing, suggesting a potential mechanism linking sleep disruption to mental ill-health. Extending previous work, we experimentally disrupted sleep continuity in good sleepers and assessed next-day emotion processing and regulation using tasks with established sensitivity to depression. In a laboratory-based study, 51 good sleepers (37 female; mean [SD] age 24 [3.63] years), were randomised to 1 night of uninterrupted sleep (n = 24) or sleep continuity disruption (n = 27). We assessed emotion perception, attention, and memory the following day. Participants also completed an emotion regulation task and measures of self-reported affect, anxiety, sleepiness, overnight declarative memory consolidation, and psychomotor vigilance. Confirming the effects of the manipulation, sleep continuity disruption led to a marked decrease in polysomnography-defined total sleep time (229.98 versus 434.57 min), increased wake-time after sleep onset (260.66 versus 23.84 min), and increased sleepiness (d = 0.81). Sleep continuity disruption led to increased anxiety (d = 0.68), decreased positive affect (d = −0.62), reduced overnight declarative memory consolidation (d = −1.08), and reduced psychomotor vigilance (longer reaction times [d = 0.64] and more lapses [d = 0.74]), relative to control. However, contrary to our hypotheses, experimental sleep disruption had no effect on perception of, or bias for, emotional facial expressions, emotional memory for words, or emotion regulation following worry induction. In conclusion, 1 night of sleep continuity disruption had no appreciable effect on objective measures of emotion processing or emotion regulation in response to worry induction, despite clear effects on memory consolidation, vigilance, and self-reported affect and anxiety.     

Sleep duration, subjective sleep need, and sleep habits of 40- to 45-year-olds in the Hordaland Health Study

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To report the distribution of various sleep parameters in a population-based study. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires. SETTING: Conducted as part of the Hordaland Health Study '97-'99 in collaboration with the Norwegian National Health Screening Service. PARTICIPANTS: 8860 subjects, aged 40 to 45 years, answered the sleep questionnaire part of the study. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Reports on habitual bedtimes, rise times, subjective sleep need, and various sleep characteristics were used in this study. Mean (+/- SD) nocturnal sleep duration during weekdays in men was 6 hours 52 minutes (+/- 55 minutes); in women 7 hours 11 minutes (+/- 57 minutes). Mean subjective sleep need was 7 hours 16 minutes (+/- 52 minutes) in men; 7 hours 45 minutes (+/- 52 minutes) in women. Sleep duration was shorter in shift workers and longer in married subjects and in those living in rural areas. Subjective sleep need was higher in subjects reporting poor subjective health and in subjects living in rural areas. In total, these variables accounted for only around 3% of the variance in sleep duration and sleep need. Ten percent of the men and 12.2% of the women reported frequent insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: The wide distribution of sleep duration and subjective sleep need indicate large interindividual variations in these parameters. There were pronounced sex differences in these variables and in most of the sleep characteristics studied. Shift work, urban-rural living, marital status, and education in men were sources of significant, but small, variations in sleep duration.     

医务人员工作倦怠、工作满意度与心理健康的关系

目的探讨医务人员工作倦怠、工作满意度与心理健康的关系。方法采用工作倦怠问卷(MBI)、工作满意度问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对河北省某省级三甲医院101名医务人员进行调查。结果 1不同年龄医务人员在玩世不恭、成就感低落及工作满意度方面的得分有统计学差异(F=3.36,3.07,2.73;P<0.05);不同工龄医务人员在情绪衰竭、成就感低落及焦虑、敌对因子方面得分有统计学差异(F=3.05,3.67,2.82,3.01;P<0.05);医生玩世不恭水平低于护士(t=-2.59,P<0.05),工作满意度高于护士(t=2.26,P<0.05);2情绪衰竭、成就感低落与SCL-90各因子呈明显正相关(P<0.01);工作满意度与SCL-90各因子(敌对除外)呈负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05);3在控制了人口统计学变量后,情绪衰竭对躯体化、强迫症状及敌对解释的方差变异量分别增加了3%、5%及3%;玩世不恭对SCL-90各因子解释的方差变异量增加了12%~31%。结论工作倦怠是影响医务人员心理健康的一个重要因素。     

Psychosocial Correlates of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Anticipation of an Exercise Stress Test Prior to Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Preliminary Test1

We examined social and psychological correlates of cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), or exaggerated heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses to mental stress, in 45 men (mean age = 60.1, SD = 9.9) and 17 women (mean age = 9.9, SD = 11.8) prior to cardiac rehabilitation. HR and BP increased from rest to anticipation, and women had higher resting and preexercise BP. Anxiety was positively related to HR reactivity. HR reactivity was negatively related to self‐efficacy in women and positively related to self‐efficacy in men. Men and women with more self‐efficacy had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity, and anxiety was positively related to SBP reactivity in women. Results suggest that the relationship among psychosocial factors and CVR might differ among men and women.