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1.
Emanuel P Salvador Evelyn H Ribeiro Leandro MT Garcia Douglas R Andrade Vanessa MV Guimaraes Marcelo S Aoki Alex A Florindo 《Archives of Public Health》2014,72(1):8
Background
Regular physical activity practice has been widely recommended for promoting health, but the physical activity levels remain low in the population. Therefore, the study of interventions to promote physical activity is essential. Objective: To present the methodology of two physical activity interventions from the “Ambiente Ativo” (“Active Environment”) project.Methods
12-month non-randomized controlled intervention trial. 157 healthy and physically inactive individuals were selected: health education (n = 54) supervised exercise (n = 54) and control (n = 49). Intervention based on health education: a multidisciplinary team of health professionals organized the intervention in group discussions, phone calls, SMS and educational material. Intervention based on supervised exercise program: consisted of offering an exercise program in groups supervised by physical education professionals involving strength, endurance and flexibility exercises. The physical activity level was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version), physical activities recalls, pedometers and accelerometers over a seven-day period.Result
This study described two different proposals for promoting physical activity that were applied to adults attended through the public healthcare settings. The participants were living in a region of low socioeconomic level, while respecting the characteristics and organization of the system and its professionals, and also adapting the interventions to the realities of the individuals attended.Conclusion
Both interventions are applicable in regions of low socioeconomic level, while respecting the social and economic characteristics of each region.Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01852981相似文献2.
Background
Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a significant international public health challenge. The Statewide HIV/AIDS Information Network (SHINE) Project was created to improve HIV/AIDS health information use and access for health care professionals, patients, and affected communities in Indiana.Objective:
Our objective was to assess the information-seeking behaviors of health care professionals and consumers who seek information on the testing, treatment, and management of HIV/AIDS and the usability of the SHINE Project’s resources in meeting end user needs. The feedback was designed to help SHINE Project members improve and expand the SHINE Project’s online resources.Methods:
A convenience sample of health care professionals and consumers participated in a usability study. Participants were asked to complete typical HIV/AIDS information-seeking tasks using the SHINE Project website. Feedback was provided in the form of standardized questionnaire and usability “think-aloud” responses.Results:
Thirteen participants took part in the usability study. Clinicians generally reported the site to be “very good,” while consumers generally found it to be “good.” Health care professionals commented that they lack access to comprehensive resources for treating patients with HIV/AIDS. They requested new electronic resources that could be integrated in clinical practice and existing information technology infrastructures. Consumers found the SHINE website and its collected information resources overwhelming and difficult to navigate. They requested simpler, multimedia-content rich resources to deliver information on HIV/AIDS testing, treatment, and disease management.Conclusions:
Accessibility, usability, and user education remain important challenges that public health and information specialists must address when developing and deploying interventions intended to empower consumers and support coordinated, patient-centric care. 相似文献3.
Tania Maria Brasil Esteves Regina Paiva Daumas Maria Inês Couto de Oliveira Carlos Augusto de Ferreira de Andrade Iuri Costa Leite 《Revista de saúde pública》2014,48(4):697-708
OBJECTIVE
To identify independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life.METHODS
A systematic review of Medline, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases, till August 30, 2013, was performed without restrictions on language or date of publishing. Studies that used regression models and provided adjusted measures of association were included. Studies in which the regression model was not specified or those based on specific populations regarding age or the presence of morbidities were excluded.RESULTS
The search resulted in 155 articles, from which 18 met the inclusion criteria. These were conducted in Asia (9), Africa (5), and South America (4), between 1999 and 2013. The prevalence of breastfeeding within the first hour of life ranged from 11.4%, in a province of Saudi Arabia, to 83.3% in Sri Lanka. Cesarean delivery was the most consistent risk factor for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. “Low family income”, “maternal age less than 25 years”, “low maternal education”, “no prenatal visit”, “home delivery”, “no prenatal guidance on breastfeeding” and “preterm birth” were reported as risk factors in at least two studies.CONCLUSIONS
Besides the hospital routines, indicators for low socioeconomic status and poor access to health services were also identified as independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. Policies to promote breastfeeding, appropriate to each context, should aim to reduce inequalities in health. 相似文献4.
Liora Sahar Guy Faler Emil Hristov Susan Hughes Leslie Lee Caroline Westnedge Benjamin Erickson Barbara Nichols 《Online Journal of Public Health Informatics》2015,7(2)
Objective
To bridge gaps identified during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic by developing a system that provides public health departments improved capability to manage and track medical countermeasures at the state and local levels and to report their inventory levels to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Materials and Methods
The CDC Countermeasure Tracking Systems (CTS) program designed and implemented the Inventory Management and Tracking System (IMATS) to manage, track, and report medical countermeasure inventories at the state and local levels. IMATS was designed by CDC in collaboration with state and local public health departments to ensure a “user-centered design approach.” A survey was completed to assess functionality and user satisfaction.Results
IMATS was deployed in September 2011 and is provided at no cost to public health departments. Many state and local public health departments nationwide have adopted IMATS and use it to track countermeasure inventories during public health emergencies and daily operations.Discussion
A successful response to public health emergencies requires efficient, accurate reporting of countermeasure inventory levels. IMATS is designed to support both emergency operations and everyday activities. Future improvements to the system include integrating barcoding technology and streamlining user access. To maintain system readiness, we continue to collect user feedback, improve technology, and enhance its functionality.Conclusion
IMATS satisfies the need for a system for monitoring and reporting health departments’ countermeasure quantities so that decision makers are better informed. The “user-centered design approach” was successful, as evident by the many public health departments that adopted IMATS. 相似文献5.
Virginia Alonso Hortale Carlos Otávio Fiúza Moreira Rosany Bochner Maria do Carmo Leal 《Revista de saúde pública》2014,48(1):1-9
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the career path and professional satisfaction of alumni from the doctorate degree programs in health sector.METHODS
Exploratory study with 827 alumni of doctoral programs in public health, biological and health sciences at the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , RJ, Southeastern Brazil, from1984 to 2007. The subjects were grouped in three cross-temporal cohorts according to year. The profiles of the alumni were analyzed, their career paths mapped and information on the perceptions of the education they received and the reasons that led them to choose the institute for their doctoral courses gathered, as well as their evaluations of the courses. The data were collected by means of an online questionnaire.RESULTS
There are differences between cohorts of alumni related to the periods they followed the courses, their distinct educational backgrounds and labor processes between those from the biological and health sciences areas, and to the specificities of the different areas where the institution offers doctoral courses: public health, biological and health sciences.CONCLUSIONS
The results allow the academic management of the educational processes to expend its knowledge, thus establishing a baseline for tracking the trajectory of alumni, and may contribute to upgrading the follow up process of Brazilian graduate programs. 相似文献6.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the regional governance of the health systemin relation to management strategies and disputes.METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES
A qualitative study with health managers from 19 municipalities in the health region of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. Data were drawn from 17 semi-structured interviews of state, regional, and municipal health policymakers and managers; a focus group; observations of the regional interagency committee; and documents in 2012. The political-institutional and the organizational components were analyzed in the light of dialectical hermeneutics.RESULTS
The regional interagency committee is the chief regional governance strategy/component and functions as a strategic tool for strengthening governance. It brings together a diversity of members responsible for decision making in the healthcare territories, who need to negotiate the allocation of funding and the distribution of facilities for common use in the region. The high turnover of health secretaries, their lack of autonomy from the local executive decisions, inadequate technical training to exercise their function, and the influence of party politics on decision making stand as obstacles to the regional interagency committee’s permeability to social demands. Funding is insufficient to enable the fulfillment of the officially integrated agreed-upon program or to boost public supply by the system, requiring that public managers procure services from the private market at values higher than the national health service price schedule (Brazilian Unified Health System Table). The study determined that “facilitators” under contract to health departments accelerated access to specialized (diagnostic, therapeutic and/or surgical) services in other municipalities by direct payment to physicians for procedure costs already covered by the Brazilian Unified Health System.CONCLUSIONS
The characteristics identified a regionalized system with a conflictive pattern of governance and intermediate institutionalism. The regional interagency committee’s managerial routine needs to incorporate more democratic devices for connecting with educational institutions, devices that are more permeable to social demands relating to regional policy making. 相似文献7.
Chizumi Yamada Kengo Moriyama Eiko Takahashi 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2012,17(6):457-462
Objectives
To evaluate the usefulness of self-rated health (SRH) as a comprehensive indicator of lifestyle-related health status by examining the relationships between SRH and: (1) history of cancer and cardiovascular disease; (2) treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia; (3) abnormalities in clinical parameters including blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipids; and (4) lifestyle habits.Methods
3744 health-check examinees at Tokai University Hachioji Hospital seen between April 2009 and March 2010 were enrolled. SRH was graded as “good,” “relatively good,” “relatively poor,” or “poor.” For statistical comparison, the differences among “healthy” (=good), “relatively healthy” (=relatively good), and “unhealthy” (=relatively poor plus poor) groups were examined. Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios were calculated to remove the confounding effect of age, using the healthy group as the reference. The Mantel-extension method was used as a trend test.Results
1049 subjects rated their health as good, 2194 as relatively good, 428 as relatively poor, and 73 as poor. The prevalence of all diseases showed significant odds ratios and trends as SRH deteriorated. Obesity, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and lipids deteriorated significantly as SRH became poorer, and a trend was observed in all parameters. Weight change, exercise, smoking, and rest showed significant odds ratios and trends as SRH deteriorated.Conclusion
SRH appears useful as a comprehensive indicator of lifestyle-related health status.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12199-012-0274-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献8.
Elsheikh Badr Nazar A Mohamed Muhammad Mahmood Afzal Khalif Mohamud Bile 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2013,91(11):868-873
Problem
Human resources for health (HRH) in the Sudan were limited by shortages and the maldistribution of health workers, poor management, service fragmentation, poor retention of health workers in rural areas, and a weak health information system.Approach
A “country coordination and facilitation” process was implemented to strengthen the national HRH observatory, provide a coordination platform for key stakeholders, catalyse policy support and HRH planning, harmonize the mobilization of resources, strengthen HRH managerial structures, establish new training institutions and scale up the training of community health workers.Local setting
The national government of the Sudan sanctioned state-level governance of the health system but many states lacked coherent HRH plans and policies. A paucity of training institutions constrained HRH production and the adequate and equitable deployment of health workers in rural areas.Relevant changes
The country coordination and facilitation process prompted the establishment of a robust HRH information system and the development of the technical capacities and tools necessary for data analysis and evidence-based participatory decision-making and action.Lessons learnt
The success of the country coordination and facilitation process was substantiated by the stakeholders’ coordinated support, which was built on solid evidence of the challenges in HRH and shared accountability in the planning and implementation of responses to those challenges. The support led to political commitment and the mobilization of resources for HRH. The leadership that was promoted and the educational institutions that were opened should facilitate the training, deployment and retention of the health workers needed to achieve universal health coverage. 相似文献9.
Amanda Gon?alves Sim?es Soares Gustavo Estanislau Elisa Brietzke Fernando Lefèvre Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan 《Revista de saúde pública》2014,48(6):940-948
OBJECTIVE
To examine public school teachers’ perceptions about general health and mental health, and the way in which they obtained this information.METHODS
Qualitative research was conducted with 31 primary and secondary school teachers at a state school in the municipality of Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010. The teachers responded to a questionnaire containing open-ended questions about mental health and general health. The following aspects were evaluated: Teachers’ understanding of the terms “health and “mental health,” the relevance of the need for information on the subject, the method preferred for obtaining information, their experience with different media regarding such matters, and perceptions about the extent to which this available information is sufficient to support their practice. The data were processed using the Qualiquantisoft software and analyzed according to the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique.RESULTS
From the teachers’ perspective, general health is defined as the proper physiological functioning of the body and mental health is related to the balance between mind and body, as a requirement for happiness. Most of the teachers (80.6%) showed great interest in acquiring knowledge about mental health and receiving educational materials on the subject. For these teachers, the lack of information creates insecurity and complicates the management of everyday situations involving mental disorders. For 61.3% of the teachers, television is the medium that provides the most information on the topic.CONCLUSIONS
The data indicate that there is little information available on mental health for teachers, showing that strategies need to be developed to promote mental health in schools. 相似文献10.
Archana Jaiswal McEligot Juliet McMullin Ka‘ala Pang Momi Bone Shauna Winston Rebekah Ngewa Sora Park Tanjasiri 《Hawai'i Journal of Medicine & Public Health》2012,71(5):124-128
Objectives
Accessing dietary intakes, body mass index (BMI) and health behaviors in Native Hawaiians residing in Southern California.Design
Cross-sectional, community based participatory research.Participants
Native Hawaiian (N = 55); Mean age 59 (± 15).Main Outcome Measures
Diet, body mass index (BMI), and diet/exercise health behaviors. Collected diet via 24-hr dietary recalls, health behaviors through questionnaires and BMI via measurement/self-report.Analysis
Frequencies/means and multiple linear regression were used to assess diet, BMI, and health behaviors.Results
Nearly 90% of the participants were either overweight or obese. Less than 20% met the vegetable, fruit, fiber, and whole grain recommendations. Most were a little or somewhat sure (relative to almost always sure) about their ability “to stick with an exercise program when attending a cultural gathering”, and “when visiting Hawai‘i”.Conclusions and Implications
These results suggest that developing a culturally-based education program to reduce obesity and improve diet is critical for Native Hawaiians residing in Southern California. 相似文献11.
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Daiana Kloh Kenya Schmidt Reibnitz Astrid Eggert Boehs Ant?nio de Miranda Wosny Margarete Maria de Lima 《Revista latino-americana de enfermagem》2014,22(4):693-700
Objective:
to identify the political-pedagogical projects of the undergraduate nursing programs in Santa Catarina, Brazil according to the guidelines of the Ministries of Health and Education, considering the education of professionals under the principle of integrality.Method:
documentary study with a qualitative approach. Nine projects were analyzed.Results:
the colleges from the Southern region of Brazil are gradually incorporating the theoretical framework of the Brazilian health system and curricular guidelines, which includes the principle of integrality of care, into their political-pedagogical projects of undergraduate nursing programs. Some institutions strictly follow the curricular guidelines, while others make their own interpretation.Conclusion:
most teaching institutions do not provide pedagogical support to students. 相似文献15.
Layla Aitlhadj Daiana Silva ávila Alexandre Benedetto Michael Aschner Stephen Richard Stürzenbaum 《Environmental health perspectives》2011,119(1):20-28
Background
A common link has been exposed, namely, that metal exposure plays a role in obesity and in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This link may help to elucidate mechanisms of neurotoxicity.Objective
We reviewed the utility of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, as a model organism to study neurodegeneration in obesity and Parkinson’s disease (PD), with an emphasis on the neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA).Data sources
A PubMed literature search was performed using the terms “obesity” and any of the following: “C. elegans,” “central nervous system,” “neurodegeneration,” “heavy metals,” “dopamine” or “Parkinson’s disease.” We reviewed the identified studies, including others cited therein, to summarize the current evidence of neurodegeneration in obesity and PD, with an emphasis on studies carried out in C. elegans and environmental toxins in the etiology of both diseases.Data extraction and data synthesis
Heavy metals and DA have both been linked to diet-induced obesity, which has led to the notion that the mechanism of environmentally induced neurodegeneration in PD may also apply to obesity. C. elegans has been instrumental in expanding our mechanism-based knowledge of PD, and this species is emerging as a good model of obesity. With well-established toxicity and neurogenetic assays, it is now feasible to explore the putative link between metal-and chemical-induced neurodegeneration.Conclusions
One side effect of an aging population is an increase in the prevalence of obesity, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative orders, diseases that are likely to co-occur. Environmental toxins, especially heavy metals, may prove to be a previously neglected part of the puzzle. 相似文献16.
Jennifer Stoll Richard Quartarone Miguel Torres-Urquidy 《Online Journal of Public Health Informatics》2013,5(1)
Objective
Recent scholarship has focused on using social media (e.g., Twitter, Facebook) as a secondary data stream for disease event detection. However, reported implementations such as (4) underscore where the real value may lie in using social media for surveillance. We provide a framework to illuminate uses of social media beyond passive observation, and towards improving active responses to public health threats.Introduction
User-generated content enabled by social media tools provide a stream of data that augment surveillance data. Current use of social media data focuses on identification of disease events. However, once identification occurs, the leveraging of social media in monitoring disease events remains unclear (2, 3). To clarify this, we constructed a framework mapped to the surveillance cycle, to understand how social media can improve public health actions.Methods
This framework builds on extant literature on surveillance and social media found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, using keywords: “public health”, “surveillance”, “outbreak”, and “social media”. We excluded articles on online tools that were not interactive e.g., aggregated web-search results. Of 2,064 articles, 23 articles were specifically on the use of social media in surveillance work. Our review yielded five categories of social media use within the surveillance cycle (3. Monitor response to the information (passive)
5. Monitor response to intervention (passive)